The history of ancient northern nomadic peoples in China is an important chapter in the history of China and even the world. Mongolian is an influential ethnic group among the nomadic people in the north. It not only has a long history, rich production experience and great inventions, but also continues the lifestyle and customs of ancient northern nomadic people and inherits the splendid culture of ancient northern nomadic people.
Mongolian is an ancient northern minority in China, which is related to Xianbei, Wuhuan tribe and Qidan on Mongolian grassland. They are nomadic on the grassland and are called "people with felt tents", mainly engaged in animal husbandry. In ancient Mongolian legends, Canglang and Bailu are the ancient ancestors of Mongols, so wolves and deer are the totems of Mongols. According to the Secret History of Mongolia and the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, Canglang and Bailu are the ancestors of Mongols.
Genghis Khan is a hero who changed the history of grassland. 12 19, Genghis Khan launched the first western expedition, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Mongolian empire across Europe and Asia.
/kloc-At the beginning of the third century, Genghis Khan ordered people to create Mongolian characters, and thus Uighur Mongolian characters were formed. This writing has evolved several times and has been in use ever since.
Mongolians are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where there are vast and beautiful Hulunbeier grassland, fertile Hetao irrigation area, beautiful and rich Ejina River and magnificent Daxinganling forest area. Mongolians live and multiply in the embrace of grasslands and forests, and have been nourished by nature for generations, and have lived and worked in peace and contentment since ancient times.
The Mongolian people take animal husbandry as the main mode of production, raising cattle, horses, camels, goats and sheep. In the long-term production and life, Mongolians have created a unique grassland culture with their high adaptability and wisdom to the environment.
Scene map of nomadic life in Mongolia
Most Mongolian herders live in round yurts. The yurt consists of a circular wall "Hana" and an umbrella-shaped roof frame "Woni", with thick felt around and at the top and a skylight at the top for ventilation and lighting. Mongolian yurts are easy to carry and build, and can resist the cold well, which is the wisdom crystallization of Mongolian people's long-term nomadic life.
Mongolians can sing and dance well. Ma Touqin is one of Mongolian favorite national musical instruments. Ma Touqin's music is deep and soft, and Mongolian simplicity and enthusiasm flow between the strings. Mongolian dance steps are light, thick or soft, which reflects the Mongolian people's love for life. Mongolian food in pastoral areas is mainly beef, mutton and milk food, including milk tofu, milk tea, cheese and yogurt, among which milk tea is delicious and is a favorite drink of Mongolian people.
Mongolians love camel pulling carts, and they also use camels as power tools.
Mongolians are hardworking and brave, and grew up on horseback. They are all proud of having a good horse. Mongolian people are good at riding and shooting, running freely on the grassland and living happily.
July and August are the most beautiful seasons in Inner Mongolia grasslands, and the Mongolians will hold the annual grand festival Nadam Conference. Regardless of gender and age, Mongolians ride horses and wear holiday costumes to participate in festival activities.
The quiet grassland is jubilant, colorful flags are flying, people flow freely, cattle and sheep sing, horses scream, and thousands of Mongolians gather on the lush grassland.
"Nadam" means "entertainment" and "game" in Mongolian, and traditional Mongolian entertainment activities such as horse racing, wrestling and archery are all important contents of Nadam Conference.
The most fascinating part of Nadam Convention is the Mongolian wrestling competition. A burly Mongolian wrestler is wearing a wrestling suit "Zhao Dege" inlaid with copper nails, with a colorful silk stripe "Jiangge" and a belt around his neck. They strutted to the wrestling field, showing the style of Mongolian warriors.
Mongolian costumes are famous for their wide robes, wide belts and rich decorations, which fully show the boldness and cultural elegance of the Mongolian people. Due to different regions, Mongolian costumes have both unity and characteristics. The costumes in Hu Ba, Chahar and Zhungeer retain the characteristics of ancient Mongolian tribal costumes. In ancient times, they used the princess's costume as a symbol of the tribe. For example, the silver-inlaid coral horn-shaped headdress of Princess Balhu Mongolia has a strange shape and is quite regal.
Mongolian costumes are rich in variety and luxurious in decoration. Mongolian costumes such as Erdos, Chahar, Hu Ba, Buryat, Haoqite and Wuzhumuqin are representative. Chahar Mongolian headdress is luxurious and elegant, while Wuzhumuqin and Hu Ba Mongolian headdress are also complicated and dazzling.
The patterns of Mongolian costumes are rich and colorful, including sun, moon, flame, animals, flowers, auspicious three treasures, wishful thinking and so on. Mongolian embroidery decoration has northern national characteristics and unique charm. Mongolian women use exquisite craftsmanship to express patterns, decorate Mongolian costumes and life, and inherit the long-standing Mongolian culture.