Ximuzhe (called the paternal ancestor of some branches of the Yi nationality) is said to be the surname ancestor of a branch of the Yi nationality. According to the records of the Yi people in southwest Guizhou, the people of the Western Zhou Dynasty cooperated with Agunuga, the representative of Yi Rong tribe of Qiang nationality, to crusade against Shang Zhouwang, the tyrant of Zhou Wuwang, at the end of Shang Dynasty. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was once named as Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Hebei and Shandong. Later, due to the changes of the times, it moved to the northwest of Sichuan today, inheriting 365438+. (This is one of the easy-to-originate trends; In the ancient society before "Ximuzhe", the Yi people had formed many tribal countries, which would be the ancestral families of various Yi groups in the later Yi people. According to textual research, before the Sixth Ancestral Branch, the Yi people made the largest branch, that is, the five-color branch (cyan, red, yellow, white and black). The five-color branch first appeared in the early Shang Dynasty, and then evolved into the' Jiuyi' by the fusion of the five-color branches. Ximuze lived in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Ximuze is the ancestor of a branch of the Yi people, not the ancestor of all Yi people. The sixth ancestor passed from Ximuze to the thirty-first "Du Mu" and was born with three wives. It is said that one wife has two sons, and six ancestors are of the same ancestry, calling themselves Heiyi. So there is a saying that "the three floors in the sky are white, the three floors below are black, the white ones are uncles, and the black ones are nephews". Birthday is at this time! The six ancestors of Sui Dynasty represented the internal distribution arranged by Yi ancestors in a certain geographical position. )

Ximuze is the ancestor of some branches of the Yi people. According to the Records of Southwest Yi People, some ancestors of Yi people came from the west of Dadu River, moved from the upper reaches of Minjiang River to the south, and moved into Chengdu Plain. The Yi classics "Cong Cong Kewen Ancient History Mirror" and "Du Liu Mu Yuan" record the history that ancient Yi ancestors longed for the sixth ancestor of "Luoni Mountain" in Zhaotong. From the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties, from Ximuzhe to Dumu, 3 1 Yi people lived in the middle of Shu (about 3rd century BC to17th century BC) and re-established the "ancient". Some people say that "Fuxi (Tai Hao)" is the ancestor of the Yi people. Some people say that "Can Cong" is the ancestor of the Yi people; Some people say that "Du Yu (Wang Di)" is the ancestor of the Yi people; Of course, for Fuxi (Tai Hao), Can Cong and Du Yu (Wang Di), no matter which one is earlier than Simzhe. According to legend, the "Ancient Shu Kingdom" was founded by Can Cong, the son of the Yellow Emperor (Xuanyuan). Xuanyuan married the daughter of Shushan and raised silkworms to establish the ancient Shu kingdom! From the beginning, the order of Shu kings in ancient Shu was Biography, while the Records of Huayang Country in Changqu, Selected Works of Du Fu in Shu in Six Dynasties and Taiping Magnolia in Song Dynasty all called Shu the second king of Guan. Only the Biography of King Shu records "Baiyun" (sound goods). In Wen Cui, it is said that "the king of Shu was called Can Cong first, then Bo Yong", and Bai Guan was replaced by Bo Yong. "Guan Bai" preaches "Jade Symbol", and after "Jade Symbol" comes "Duyu (Wang Di)", so we know that the Yi people came from "Fuxi (Tai Hao)"!

Zhige Aru is a hero in Yi mythology (equivalent to Hou Yi) and has magical power. He rode a flying horse named Smoulduddian, changed from a condor to a flying horse, and saved his mother from prison. Along the way, he killed people, destroyed monsters, conquered poisonous snakes and beasts, and tamed thunder and lightning. There were six suns and seven moons in the sky at that time. Zhigaru shot down five suns and six moons with a bow and arrow, leaving only one sun and one moon, which made people live a happy life.

On the day of the inauguration ceremony of the "Ximuzhe" statue, from Torch Square, three bimo masters led a trumpeter team consisting of 100 red cloth, 96 bimo, 32 Taji and 12 people, a tuba team of 30 people, a suona team of 20 people, a vault team of 50 people and a 50-person team.

It is understood that the image design of Ximuzhe statue is based on existing documents and unearthed cultural relics, which restores the image of Yi ancestors. The costumes and accessories of the statue are full of Yi cultural characteristics everywhere. Statue construction lasted * * * 150 days, with a total investment of 87.06 million yuan.

Fire, Ximuzhe, Zhiga Ru-I thought of it from the completion of Ximuzhe statue, and then what!

The statue of Sim Zhe was completed in Pinghai, Shuicheng County, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province.

Yi compatriots dressed up to celebrate the completion of the statue of Ximuzhe;

( 1)

Yi torch festival:

Fire is sacred in the hearts of Yi people. They believe that fire is a continuation of the sun, symbolizing courage and strength, passion and light. According to legend, when the Yi ancestors hunted in the primeval forest, because there was no fire, the hungry and cold ancestors could only form a circle or huddle together to warm each other and resist the cold and darkness. In order to bring light to mankind, an ancestor named Mudeng drilled in the ancient forest for three days and three nights and finally got the fire. With fire, the ancestors of the Yi people broke away from the wild era of eating animals and drinking blood, and Mudeng was also regarded as a Vulcan by the ancestors of the Yi people. Every year, the Yi compatriots hold an activity of offering sacrifices to Vulcan, reliving the process of lighting a fire by our ancestor Mudeng, and then sending the collected kindling to every household one by one, praying that Vulcan will bless the village, the harvest of crops and the reproduction of future generations.

There are 17 ethnic groups living in the vibrant hot land of Shuicheng, among which the Yi population is 1 13000, accounting for 13.7% of the county's total population. According to the Yi literature, the Yi people lived in Shuicheng County for more than 4,000 years, and the Yi people were one of the earliest people who developed this land.

Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, Torch Festival has become one of the important symbols of the historical and cultural connotation of the Yi people, which has been followed for thousands of years. For thousands of years, the Yi people have placed their love and pursuit for a better life with fire. During the festival, young men and women of all ethnic groups sing, dance, horse racing, bullfighting and wrestling; Or hold a big bonfire party and party all night. Nowadays, people also use the opportunity of parties to socialize or meet lovers, and conduct business activities on festivals.

There are different opinions about the origin of the Torch Festival: one is that the gods fought with the warriors on the ground, and the Yi people used torches to help the warriors kill insects and defeat the gods. There is also a saying that Piluoge, the leader of Nanzhao, attempted to annex the other five imperial edicts, summoned them to Songming Pagoda and killed them in one fell swoop. Roden's wife kindly dissuaded her husband from going, and Roden was killed without listening to her advice. Charity committed suicide after getting the news, and later generations ignited their mourning. In fact, the true meaning of Torch Festival is the expression of Yi people's memory of their ancestors "old people"! "Suirenshi" is the inventor of fire in China, and Yi people have not worshipped "fire" very much since ancient times, but also practiced "cremation" at the earliest!

In Shuicheng, according to the Yi literature "The Origin of the Yi Nationality", a long time ago, the Yi nationality was a hard-working people, with a bumper harvest every year. However, King Gengzi did not want to see everyone's happy life, so he sent Hercules to destroy crops. The Yi people were very angry and fought with Hercules for three days and nights. Hercules was defeated and became angry from embarrassment. He put down the locusts and ate all the crops. Yi Jia had a brainwave, and everyone raised a fire and burned all the locusts. Since then, June 24th has become a traditional festival for Yi families to light torches, eliminate evil and celebrate harvest.

(2) Cuoji is a precious "living fossil" of China's plays;

Cuoji is known as "the ancestral drama of mankind" and "the beginning of life, the beginning of drama and the source of change". Nowadays, with its unique artistic form and tenacious vitality, the Yi people's "Cuoji" has moved from Luoga Village in Bandi Township of Weining Autonomous County to Yi villages all over the country, to the whole country and to the world. ...

In the early 1980s, "Cuoji" was discovered and excavated for more than 30 years. In the meantime, all kinds of research results about "Cuoji" are quite rich and rich in content, which can be described as a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. On May 20, 2006, "Cuoji" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list.

"The national is the world!" "Cuoji" has the uniqueness and originality of Yi people. The main content of "Cuoji" is to pass on the knowledge of Yi people's production and life to future generations and preserve their ancestors' labor experience. It shows that primitive man gradually changed from ape to man in the long-term labor process, which is a historical "scene reappearance" imitating the evolution of ancient man, which is surprisingly consistent with the scientific definition of "labor makes man change from ape to man"

More than 30 years have passed, but the love of "Cuoji" from all walks of life has not diminished, and it can even be said that "Cuoji" has achieved unprecedented development. However, the interpretation, development and utilization of all kinds of "creativity" are also mixed, which has to be worrying. What kind of development will a native Yi classic ancient drama go? Can it flourish on the cornerstone of respecting tradition and artistic laws? Could it be that "the sword goes sideways" and eventually spread? This paper talks about personal views on the protection and inheritance of Yi people's "Cuoji".

What exactly does "Cuoji" mean?

The story of the wrong platform is a transliteration of Yi language. The wrong platform is human, the platform is evolution, and the auspicious platform is a play, a game and a performance. Judging from the overall content of the performance, "Cuoji" should be translated as "the game of human change (evolution)", referred to as "the drama of changing people". The performance time is from the third day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month during the Spring Festival every year, including four parts: sacrifice, farming, unicorn dance and sweeping Mars.

The performance lines of "Cuoji" describe the image and living conditions of "Cuoji" at that time: "Aona is a giant, Cuoji is hemp, Cuoji is Luo, Nuotoudi, Hazel is early, and the province is a Mongolian group, which spits out A Mu, saves land and fills acres, and pokes the chrysanthemum. "In ancient times, people with straight eyes didn't look like people. They looked like wild animals, with monkey's face and rat's teeth. Wild fruits were food, dew was water, and leaves were clothes, so human beings were born, so human beings were born.

According to the records of the Yi people in southwest China, Genesis of Heaven and Earth states: "In ancient times, humans and animals were companions. People look like apes, eating wild fruits and wearing leaves. " Zhan is a creation epic about the origin of all things by the Yi people. Its unique imagination divides the development of prehistoric humans into three periods: Ladie (one-eyed man), Latuo (straight-eyed man) and Lavin (horizontal-eyed man). A lot of space reflects the transition from the first two eras to the third era, and shows a historical picture of the development of prehistoric society. Le Aoteyi, an ancient book of Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan Province, also describes the characteristics of ancient humans: "Although ancient humans look like people, they sound like monkeys, leaves are worn as clothes, wild fruits are eaten as food, and their eyes are not watching the road ..." Engels once affirmed that anthropologist Louis henry morgan divided the development of human prehistoric history into "ignorance, barbarism and barbarism" in The Origin of Family, Private Ownership and Country. According to Engels' affirmation, Ladi, the one-eyed man, represents the "ignorant age" of mankind, Rato, the straight-eyed man, represents the "barbaric age" of mankind, and Lavin, the cross-eyed man, represents the beginning of the "civilized age" of mankind. The description of ancient humans in ancient Yi books such as Zhan Bei is completely consistent with the image of Cuoji. Combined with the records of Yi ancient books, the rough mask of the dustpan, the gait of struggling round legs, the sound of sucking vocal cords and the cry of apes, the dustpan should show the life of human beings from the tree to the ground when practicing upright walking, that is, from "dustpan"

When did the dustpan come into being?

When was the "dustpan" produced? There is no exact record in the ancient books of Yi language. At that time, the ancestors of the Yi people knew nothing about other human beings, and it was even more impossible for other national languages to record the appearance of the Yi people's "Cuoji". However, according to Mr. Bumotian Zheng Chao, an elder in Longchang Town, Weining Autonomous County, in the past, "Cuoji" was a large-scale funeral ceremony for "Su Zai" in Yi people. My father also said that when he went to a family in Xinguanzhai, Bandi Township as a child, he participated in the performance of "Cuoji" as the actor of An (a child). From the descriptions of primitive people in Yi ancient books, such as A Gift of Nuomo, and the narratives of two old people, it can be concluded that Yi Su's activities were characterized by "gathering a dustpan", and the first part of the "gathering a dustpan" was a sacrifice, so it can be concluded that "gathering a dustpan" can be established as the product of funeral activities in the ancient department of Yi nationality in this period, so it can be inferred that "gathering a dustpan" is. According to the records of ancient books in Yi language, the emergence and development of human beings have gone through the ages of Aibu (ancient times), Nineng (Fuxi (Tai Hao) era), Wei Shi, Mimi and Six Ancestors. Alas, during the matriarchal period of the 1990s, the Nineng tribe appeared relatively late, followed by Stone.

Yi culture has far-reaching influence. At the torch festival of the Yi people in Yushe, Shuicheng, the statue of Ximuzhe faced the statue of the national hero Zhige Aru (equivalent to the legend of Houyi).

Yi people are the most worshiped people by their ancestors. The custom of "Naimu" in the ancestor worship ceremony of Yi nationality is the concrete embodiment and epitome of "ancestor worship" in Yi religious activities. It is regarded as the most important branch of religious activities, the highest-level ceremony of Yi people, and an important pillar and link of Yi religious activities. ...

20 19.03.09