A civil servant tonic: crane. Crane is beautiful and detached, elegant and holy, and has a long life span, which can reach 60 or 70 years old. In ancient times, it became a symbol of sage like style and longevity. Among lucky birds, cranes are second only to phoenixes. Phoenix symbolizes the queen, while the crane is the official residence.
Second-class civil servant tonic: golden pheasant. Golden rooster, also known as "Golden Rooster", "Jade Chicken" and "Blue Chicken", is a symbol of good luck. Golden pheasant has the demeanor of a king. Its colorful feathers are said to be able to ward off ghosts and evil spirits.
Triple civilian supplement: peacock. Peacock has not only beautiful feathers, but also personality. In the eyes of the ancients, peacock is a "literary bird" with great virtue and civilized quality, and it is a symbol of auspiciousness, civilization and wealth.
Four civil servants supplement: Yuanyang. Yuanyang, as an official supplement, takes its feathers as a symbol of firm loyalty; If there is a law to sleep, it means that you are conscientious.
Five people supplement: silver pheasant. As a supplement to the five officials, the silver pheasant has an elegant image, is not in a hurry to the official, and is auspicious and loyal.
Six products are civil servants' supplements: egrets. Egret is also called Bai Niao, and Lu Ji's poem is sparse: "Egret waterfowl is also good and white, so it is called Bai Niao." Egrets are auspicious birds.
Seven products of civil servants:? Let's go ? Also known as Purple Yuanyang, it is an auspicious bird. As a supplement to officials, it means that officials should benefit the people.
Eight items for civil servants: quail. Quail's "safety" is the homonym of "peace", so it has the symbolic meaning of "everything is safe" and "living and working in peace".
Be a civil servant: bluebird. Blue finches are also called practicing magpies and ribbon birds. Ribbon is an ornament of ancient emperors and officials' clothing. Therefore, all kinds of ribbons become symbols of power and wealth.
2. Military attache:
Yipin military attache tonic: Kirin. Kirin is a mythical beast in ancient legends. The rank image of Kirin as a military attache symbolizes the image of being kind and auspicious, and "being prepared for danger in times of peace".
Second-class military attache added: Xiao Yan. Sister-in-law is a beast like a lion. As a military attache, it means taking courage.
Triple military attache supplement: leopard. In the ranking of ancient beasts, leopards are below eldest sister-in-law and above tigers. As a military attache, it is also the meaning of courage.
Four military officers supplement: tiger. Tiger is the king of all animals, and has the spirit of king. Tigers are mighty and brave, and have been worshipped by generals since ancient times.
Five military officers supplement: bear. As a military attache, the image of his son is masculine.
Six military officers supplement: table. In the eyes of the ancients, puma was a fierce and cruel animal. As a military attache, it means being cruel to the enemy.
Seven military officers supplement: rhinoceros. Use rhinoceros as military attache to supplement the image, that is to say, its skin can be used as armor, its horns can be used as spears, and its weapons are sharp.
Supplement to Eight Military Attachments: Supplement to Seven Military Attachments.
A supplement to being a military attache: hippocampus. In ancient times, there was a high demand for the lowest-ranking officers, who could command both infantry and naval water warfare, so seahorses were used as a supplement. However, this seahorse is not an animal's seahorse, but a beast that can walk on land and fly at sea.
Besides, censors and exhorters are arrogant. Avengers are sacred animals and are good at distinguishing loyalty from betrayal.
Extended data:
There is a square pattern on the official clothes of Qing dynasty, which is called tonic. Tonics are divided into civil servants and military attache. The official uniforms of the Qing Dynasty are similar to those of the Ming Dynasty. But the biggest difference between the Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty is that there was only one bird in the Qing Dynasty, while there were two birds in the Ming Dynasty, and the military attache in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty had only one beast.
In addition to birds and animals, the patchwork is embroidered with patterns of seawater and rocks, which means that "the seawater is on the cliff and the mountains and rivers are forever solid". Supplementary clothes are Nanjing Suzhou and Hangzhou, that is, Jiangnan three systems, with exquisite materials and excellent workmanship. There are strict regulations on the size and style, and officials are not allowed to change the official uniforms corresponding to their grades without permission.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Official Clothing System in Ming Dynasty
What is the meaning of the pattern on the official clothes of Qing ministers? Civilians embroider birds, and military commanders embroider beasts. According to the birds and beasts embroidered on it, judge the rank of official position. Now people joke that the devil wears Prada may come from the official clothes of the Qing Dynasty.
Who knows what the colors and patterns of the Qing Empresses and Ministers (at different levels) are? The robes in Qing dynasty were mainly bright yellow, but also golden yellow and apricot yellow. According to the literature, there are nine dragons embroidered on the robes of the Qing emperor. The hem of the dragon robe is obliquely lined with many curved lines, which are called water feet. Below the foot of the water, the waves are rolling, and above the waves, it is a treasure house of rocks, commonly known as "all rivers run into the sea", which not only means endless auspiciousness, but also means "unification of mountains and rivers" and "eternal peace"
The costumes of emperors in the Qing Dynasty are basically divided into three categories, namely, formal clothes, auspicious clothes and casual clothes. Dresses include royal dresses, crowns, end caps, armor and supplementary clothes; Ji fu includes Ji fu crown, robe and robe; Casual clothes are ordinary clothes, which are not stipulated by the code system. Dragon robe, a full robe of upper and lower grades, is slightly lower than the dress. It is a common costume worn by emperors at auspicious banquets and courtiers, and it is also the imperial costume we often see. The dragon robe worn by the emperor is easy to feel awe and mystery in the hearts of modern people. In particular, I am full of doubts about the well-made, exquisite and unique decorative patterns on robes. This article will briefly introduce them. The emperor's clothes are embroidered with various auspicious and colorful patterns. Such as: dragon pattern, phoenix pattern, bat pattern, rich peony pattern, twelve chapters pattern, auspicious eight treasures pattern, colorful moire pattern and so on. These patterns were only used by emperors and a few senior officials in feudal society, but they were not popular. For example, dragon and phoenix patterns have always been symbols of emperors and queens, and no one can use them except the emperors and queens. Since the appearance of the China pattern, the Twelve Chapters pattern has been the exclusive decoration of the supreme ruler. Until the demise of the feudal monarchy, it was only used in the costumes of emperors and a few princes, and never appeared among the people. In Beijing Art Museum, there is a twelve-chapter gown embroidered with colorful satin, cloud bat and golden dragon. This robe was made in strict accordance with the complicated dress system of the Qing Dynasty. According to "Qing Shi Hui Ji 78 Hui Ji Fu", "The color of the dragon robe is bright yellow. The collar and sleeves are blue and gold-edged. Embroidered golden dragon nine. A total of twelve chapters, five-color clouds. There is a dragon in front of and behind the collar, a dragon on the left, a dragon on the right, a dragon at the intersection and a dragon at the sleeve. In the next picture, Babel is standing on the water, with his lapels open to the left and right. Cotton, cotton, yarn and fur are all in their own time. " It shows that in Qing dynasty, the requirements for the shape, production technology, decorative patterns and colors of clothing were very strict. The identification of dragon robes in Qing dynasty mainly includes three aspects: workmanship, fabric and pattern. First of all, the work of the robes is quite fine, and the thread used is not the usual gold thread or silk thread, especially the silk reeling process is difficult to imitate at present. Secondly, most of the production of court clothes and fabrics in Qing Dynasty came from the Third Weaving Bureau of Jiangnan, namely Jiangning Weaving Bureau, Suzhou Weaving Bureau and Hangzhou Weaving Bureau, and very few of them were woven by Beijing Weaving and Dyeing Bureau. Jiangning (Nanjing) is good at weaving gold makeup and Japanese satin; Suzhou has the best silk reeling and embroidery skills; Lake silk has the best quality, such as twill, silk, spinning, crepe, silk, etc., mostly woven in Hangzhou. Finally, the pattern and position on the robe must not be wrong. Most of these patterns are limited to the emperor's clothing, and it is impossible for other royal palaces and nobles to have such patterns, so patterns are the best way to identify dragon robes. The style of the queen's uniform is basically similar to that of Manchu ladies. Round neck, big skirt, collar, sleeves and skirt are decorated with wide lace, but the patterns are different. The clothing pattern shown in this picture is a phoenix wearing peony. The whole dress is embroidered with eight Cai Feng and Cai Feng on the bright blue satin floor, with several peony flowers in the middle. The color of peony is quiet and elegant, and the color changes vividly, which has the characteristics of traditional landscape painting. On the contrary, the color of Phoenix is relatively strong, and the contrast between red and green is extremely strong, which has typical national style and characteristics of the times. First-class salary 180 Second, clothing: ruby hat top, embroidered crane starting first-class salary 8 1 2, plus 524 second pattern: ruby top, embroidered unicorn official position such as: general, prefect second-class salary 155 second clothing: coral top, embroidered golden pheasant starting second-class salary 67 second, plus 444 second. The official position of embroidered lion is as follows: the salary of the lieutenant at the age of three 130, two costumes: sapphire top, embroidered peacock 39, plus 204, two patterns: sapphire top, embroidered leopard official position: the salary of the general (positive) guerrilla (subordinate) at the age of four 105, and two costumes: lapis lazuli top, embroidered clouds and smoke 27. Embroidered tiger official position such as: Du Si's five-year-old salary 80 two costumes: crystal top, embroidered silver pheasant 18 two, plus 72 two patterns: crystal top, embroidered bear official position such as: guarding six-year-old salary 60 two costumes: dragon top, embroidered mandarin duck 14 two, plus 35 two patterns: two patterns: plain gold top, plus 35. And every salary is one or two and one meter is popular. College students, six ministers, assistant ministers, double salary. 2. The royal clothes and official clothes are all stone blue, and the royal clothes and embroidered robes are all stone blue or blue. 3. Feng Xianguan (Shi Yu) makes embroidery. 4. Military attaché s also have Yang Lianyin, such as the prefect 880 yuan, general manager 100 yuan. Palace dress with pure gold edge (back) 5. Official clothing system in Qing dynasty: the official clothing of civil and military officials in Qing dynasty includes court crown, auspicious clothing crown, court clothing, supplementary clothing and embroidered robes. The difference of product grade mainly depends on the decoration of crown, embroidered robe and auxiliary clothing. See the above table for crown beads; The Jifu crown is roughly the same as the Chaoguan crown, with feather branches inserted at the back, with green feathers below six grades and Henaan above five grades; Guan Bai embroidered robe, one to three products embroidered with five claws and nine pythons, four to six products embroidered with four claws and eight pythons, and seven to nine products embroidered with four claws and five pythons; Tonic clothing, from the prince down, has tonic clothing, the color is azurite, and the prefix has tonic medicine, which is wenniao and martial beast. Above the shell, the royal family used round to make up, and the rest used square to make up; Five civil servants, four military attaché s and above, science and technology, security and other positions. , all need to hang beads, 108 beads, with three beads (one on one side and two on the other), named "Memorial". There are differences between men and women in Dafa. The two strings on the left are men and the two strings on the right are women. The other string hangs behind the back and is called "Shadow Cloud". What's the difference between the clothes of Qing ministers and those of Qing officials? Refers to the official uniform of an official with an appropriate official position in the Qing Dynasty, and the official name is the auxiliary uniform. Dresses are divided into hats, coats, beads and boots. In the Qing Dynasty, there were clear restrictions on the official uniforms of officials, and different grades had different dresses, which could not be changed by themselves.
1. hat: In the Qing Dynasty, the crowns of emperors in previous dynasties were changed into high hats, also known as "top hats" or "top hats" and "top hats with flower feathers". There are two kinds of top hats, one is a cool hat worn in summer, and the other is a warm hat worn in winter. Wear a cool hat in March and change it in August every year. The cool hat is trumpet-shaped and has no eaves. It is mostly made of rattan and bamboo mats, wrapped in silk, mostly white, lake or yellow, and decorated with red tassels and beads. The warm hat is round and has a brim. It is made of leather, woolen cloth, satin and cloth. It is mostly black, with red wool inside and a crown bead on the top of the hat. The different materials and colors of Ding Zhu represent different levels of officials. The Qing Dynasty stipulated that one product is ruby, the other is coral, the third is sapphire, the fourth is lapis lazuli, the sixth is lapis lazuli, the seventh is plain gold, the eighth is embroidered gold, and the ninth is embroidered gold. Those who have no tripod beads have no official products. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), the official crown system was changed, and the gemstones were replaced with glass of the same color. There is a two-inch long feather tube under the fixed bead, which is made of jade, jade, enamel or flower porcelain for placing feathers. Feathers are divided into two types: flower feathers and blue feathers. Hualing is a peacock feather, which means "dazzling" and is also called "eye". At the end of the feather, there are three eyes, one eye and two eyes. The more eyes, the higher the merits. Blue feather is made of owl feathers, blue, long and eyeless, lower than Henaan. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1), the Qing Huidian once stipulated that the Hualing was not allowed to be worn by princes, county kings, Baylor and royalty, and could only be worn below Beizi. Later: Beizi and Gulen's foreheads (that is, Princess Gulen's husband) wore dazzling feathers; Zhen Guogong, Fu Guogong and Heshuo's forehead (that is, the husband of Princess Heshuo) wear double eyes; The Minister of the Interior, the first, second, third and fourth level guards, and the commanders and leaders of the Pioneer Camp and the Guard Camp (who must come from Manchuria's three flags, namely the yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag) all wear a flower feather. Blue Ling is generally given to guards who are under six grades and work in palaces, and can also be given to junior officers who have meritorious military service. The emperor was very cautious in sending flowers to his lieutenants. Only seven ministers, Fu Heng, Fu Kang 'an, He Lin, Chang Ling, Xi En, Li Hongzhang and Xu Tong, were given three eyes. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, about 20 people were given two eyes. Second, the court clothes: 1, the court clothes of the Qing emperors are generally dragon robes, and Baylor is embroidered robes. There is no clear answer about the difference between python and dragon. Generally, according to "Discrimination of Wildfire", "A python is dressed like a dragon's robe, which is similar to the imperial (dragon's) robe of the Supreme (that is, the emperor), but with one claw reduced" and "Where a dragon satin group is set up with five claws, officials and people are not allowed to wear it ... If a dragon satin with five claws is granted, one claw should be removed to wear it, and it is concluded that five claws are dragons and four claws are pythons. The color of a prince's royal robe can only be khaki or dark yellow, not bright yellow. The dragon must be panlong or descending dragon, not ascending dragon or positive dragon. The hem of the prince's royal robe is also embroidered with "Sea and River". The prince's costume pattern: a group of five-claw dragons, a group of two-shouldered five-claw dragons, and a group of five-claw dragons; A set of Baylor clothing patterns; A group of pythons with four claws in front and four claws in back; A group of pythons with four claws in front and four claws in back; A group of Zhen Guogong and Fu Guogong; A group of pythons with four claws in front and four claws in back; A group of clothing patterns of duke, marquis and earl; guogong group. Auxiliary clothing is divided into two types: Wen and Wu. Civil servants: first-class cranes, second-class golden pheasants, third-class peacocks, fourth-class clouds, fifth-class egrets, sixth-class egrets, seventh-class mangroves, eighth-class quails and ninth-class sparrows. Military attache: unicorn, lion, leopard, tiger, bear, tiger, rhinoceros and seahorse. Besides, censors and exhorters are arrogant. In addition to birds and animals, the patchwork is embroidered with patterns of seawater and rocks, which means that "the seawater is on the cliff and the mountains and rivers are forever solid". Supplementary clothes are Nanjing Suzhou and Hangzhou, that is, Jiangnan three systems, with exquisite materials and excellent workmanship. There are strict regulations on the size and style, and officials are not allowed to change the official uniforms corresponding to their grades without permission. Third, the Chaozhu evolved from the Buddha beads, because the ancestors of the Qing emperors believed in Buddhism. Zhu Chao usually consists of six parts: body, Buddha head, shadow cloud, memorial, pendant and horn. The number of beads per bead is strictly specified as 108. There are four "Buddha heads" with the same color and size, and the diameter is about twice that of Zhu Chao. Every 27 beads add a "Buddha's head" to divide 65,438+008 Zhu Chao into four parts, which is also called "dividing beads", which is said to mean four seasons. A tower-shaped "Buddha's head tower" is connected to the Buddha's head at the top of the bead, and its perforation mode is inverted "T", that is, both ends of the bead are inserted from the opposite end of the face, and then both of them are inserted from the hole in the middle and upper part to form one. The top of the Buddha stupa is tied with a large gem pendant with a wide ribbon, and a gem is hung on the top of the pendant, which is called "the back cloud". There are three strings of beads on each side of the gourd-shaped stupa, each string is 10, and the two ends of the beads are covered with small falling angles of precious stones inlaid with silver enamel, which is called "commemoration". It is said that these three series of memorials were euphemistically called "three episodes" at that time. When preparing to hang, the beads should be hung in the neck, with the heads close to the back of the neck and perpendicular to the back of the head. The three heads appear in the chest as the center symmetry, and the "back cloud" on the back is close to the back vest. Not all officials are qualified to wear Zhu Chao. According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, if a civil servant has five items and a military attache has more than four items, he, his wife or children, as well as military officials, guards, does, imperial academy, Dachang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Split Temple and other officials can only wear Zhu Chao. The materials of Zhu Chao are mostly cut from pearls, jadeite, agate, amber, coral, ivory, beeswax, crystal, lapis lazuli, jadeite, turquoise, tourmaline, carnauba and hibiscus stone. Decorated with colorful tapestries such as bright yellow, golden yellow and azurite, hung on the neck before the chest. The tapestries of Zhu Chao in Qing Dynasty were woven with silk thread, with distinct color grades: bright yellow tapestries can only be used by emperors, queens and queens; All-green and gold tapestry are used by the sovereign; Wu Siping, He Wen and other county officials are all Shi Qing. The beads hung by women are slightly different from those worn by men. The difference mainly depends on the "commemoration" on the beads. The two strings on the left are male and the two strings on the right are female. They cannot be reversed. Excuse me, what are the names of the clothes worn by these two Qing ministers? This is a kind of dress of Qing officials, called end cover;
That is to say, in winter, I wear a fur coat over my robe and gown. According to the official grade, the texture is different. According to the system of Qinghuidian, the end covers include black fox, sable, blue fox, sable, lynx, red leopard skin and yellow fox skin. According to the quality of texture, skin color and inner color, it is divided into eight grades to distinguish its status and identity. The emperor's crown prince wears mink, and the prince wears a black fox ... What is the shoulder skin behind the Qing dynasty minister's clothes? The shoulder skin at the back of the Qing dynasty minister's clothes is called lapel.
The shawl collar is the official uniform of the Qing Dynasty. Its two corners are slightly sharp. In winter, it is inlaid with sable or azurite, and in summer, it is inlaid with azurite.
Its two corners are slightly sharp. In winter, it is inlaid with sable or azurite, and in summer, it is inlaid with azurite. Civil and military officials, domestic and foreign ladies-in-waiting, emperors and queens all wear royal robes. The shawl collar is worn on the shoulders. The fabric of shawl collar is thin in summer and thick in winter. In Wu Wen Guan Bai's shawl collar, it is also designed according to taste. Yipin ministers, emperors, empresses and queens embroidered dragons.
Can dragons appear on the official clothes of Qing ministers? Dragons can appear on the official clothes of Qing ministers.
The official name of the official dress pattern in the Qing Dynasty is "cloth word", which is used to distinguish between high and low official positions, whether it is a civilian or a military attache. The pattern compiled by civil servants is birds, and the pattern compiled by officers is animals. Because the Qing dynasty pursued the principle of using literature to control martial arts, the status of "bird" was higher than that of "beast" for officials at the same level.
In addition to the complement of birds and animals, there is also a special complement pattern in the official uniforms of the Qing Dynasty, namely dragons and pythons. Most people think that only the emperor's clothes can embroider dragons. In fact, besides the emperor himself, some people can also get such special treatment.
Extended data:
In the Qing Dynasty, the highest level of official clothing was the auxiliary clothing of the prince, the pattern of five-claw dragon before and after, and the five-claw dragon with two shoulders. Followed by the king of the county, the pattern is the dragon with two shoulders and five claws. In the third place is Baylor's patchwork suit, with four-claw pythons on the front and back.
Ranked fourth is Beizi Bufu, with four-claw pythons before and after; Ranked fifth are Zhen Guogong and Fu Guogong, with four claws on the front and four claws on the back. These are the titles of the Qing royal family, which is what we usually call the royal family.
In addition to the imperial clan titles, the highest ranks that Qing officials can get are Duke, Marquis and Earl, all of which are super products (higher than the rank of Yipin officials), and nine pythons are embroidered before and after the pattern of the supplementary service. Followed by the viscount, the pattern of the supplementary service is embroidered Kirin (with the military attache). Then there is the baron, and the pattern of make-up service is embroidered lions before and after (the same as the second-class military attache).