science
Instructions for candidates:
1. This paper is divided into two parts: test paper and answer sheet. Full mark 180, examination time 120 minutes.
2. When answering questions, the school name, name and admission ticket number must be stated in the sealed area of the answer sheet.
3. All answers must be written in the marked position on the answer sheet. It should be noted that the serial number of the test questions corresponds to the serial number of the answer sheet.
4. After the exam, hand in the test paper and answer sheet.
(relative atomic mass: h:1c:12o:16s: 32cu: 64zn: 65cl: 35.5fe: 56)
test paper
First, multiple-choice questions (4 points for each question, * * 24 points, and only one option for each question meets the meaning of the question)
1. It is reported that scientists have invented a "lunar oxygen generator", which can use the high temperature generated by focused solar energy to heat the lunar soil and generate oxygen. It can be inferred that there must be () in the lunar soil.
A. oxide B. oxygen C. water D. oxygen element
2. A new type of "anti-theft glass" has a multi-layer structure, and a very thin metal wire is embedded in the middle of each layer. When the glass breaks, it will generate an electrical signal, and the alarm system connected with the metal wire will give an alarm immediately, which makes use of the metal ().
A. Ductility B. Conductivity C. Elasticity D. Thermal conductivity
3. The structure shown on the right is likely to represent ()
A. A pair of chromosomes B. A bacterium C. A gene fragment D. A sperm.
4. In April-May 2009, influenza A (H 1N 1) broke out in Mexico, the United States, Japan and other countries. Studies have shown that the disease is a respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza A H 1N 1 virus. The following statement is wrong ()
A influenza a HlN 1 virus invading human body can be called antigen.
B. Medical isolation treatment for patients is a measure to control the source of infection.
C. Wash your hands in time after touching public goods, which can only prevent infectious diseases in the digestive tract, but is ineffective in preventing respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza.
D influenza a HlN 1 has the characteristics of infectivity, epidemic and immunity.
5. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. as long as the object vibrates, it will certainly hear the sound.
B. solids, liquids and gases can transmit sound.
C. astronauts can also talk directly in spoken language on the moon.
D. Sound travels slower in solids and liquids than in air.
6. In the four demonstration experiments as shown in the figure, what can explain the principle of the generator is
Second, multiple-choice questions (3 points for each question, * * 48 points, and only one option for each question meets the meaning of the question)
7. Measure the solution with a measuring cylinder, and keep the line of sight level with the lowest concave surface of the liquid in the measuring cylinder, with a reading of15ml; After pouring out some liquid, look down at the lowest part of the concave liquid level and the reading is 9 ml. Then the volume of the solution actually poured out by the students ()
A. less than 6 ml B. more than 6 ml C. equal to 6 ml D. unable to determine the range
8. The following explanation of abnormal physiological state of human body is wrong ()
A. When drunk, people walk stagger, mainly because alcohol anesthetizes the cerebellum and affects people's balance function.
B patients with high fever have indigestion, mainly because hyperthermia affects the activities of various digestive enzymes.
C. When gas poisoning occurs, the human body will have severe symptoms of hypoxia, because the firm combination of CO and hemoglobin affects the oxygen transport function of hemoglobin.
D. The blood sugar content of diabetic patients is higher than normal, mainly due to excessive insulin secretion in the body.
9. Add different components of culture media to three Petri dishes I, II and Ф, inoculate the same amount of E.coli respectively, and after culturing for a period of time under suitable conditions, count the number of colonies in each Petri dish (see the table below).
The experimental results show that the growth of Escherichia coli needs sugar ()
A. Petri dishes I and III B. Petri dishes II
C. Petri dishes I and II D Petri dishes II and III
10. Many nitrogen fertilizers in chemical bile are ammonium salts. As we all know, after ammonia is introduced into water, its solution is alkaline. After mixing ammonium sulfate and calcium hydroxide, put them into a test tube for heating, and put wet red litmus paper on the mouth of the test tube. Wet red litmus paper will turn blue. This is the method of testing ammonium salts. The above experimental phenomena show that ()
A. The reaction between ammonium salt and alkali belongs to the type of double decomposition reaction B, and ammonia gas is lighter than air.
C, ammonia can make red litmus paper blue. D, ammonium salt can react with alkali to release ammonia.
1 1. The following evidence can prove that the earth is a sphere ().
A. Moon phase changes B. The sun rises and sets in the west.
C. photos of the earth taken by astronauts in space D. the length of each meridian on the earth is equal
12. Of the following statements, the correct one is ().
A. In the refraction of light, the refraction angle must be smaller than the incident angle.
B. The convex lens will condense light, so the image formed by the object through the convex lens is always reduced.
No matter how far or how close an object is to a plane mirror, the size of its image in the plane mirror is always the same.
D. concave mirror diverges light, and convex mirror converges light.
13. As shown in the figure on the right, ignoring the gravity and all friction of the spring scale and the thin steel wire, the weight is G= 1N, so the indicators of spring scales A and B are respectively
A. 1 N，0 B
C.2N， 1N d 1N， 1N
14. The following statement is true ()
A. When there are many sunspots, the intensity of solar activity is low.
B. During artificial rainfall, sowing dry ice into the cloud can increase the humidity of the cloud and promote rainfall.
If the moon and the earth have the same atmosphere, there will be fewer craters on the moon than they actually are.
D. The sun we see with the naked eye is the chromosphere of the sun.
15. If the metal manganese (Mn) is located between aluminum and zinc in the metal activity sequence, the following reaction is incorrect.
A. Mn+2hcl = = MNC12+H2 = B. Magnesium+manganese sulfate = = magnesium sulfate+manganese.
C.Mn+Cu(NO3)2 = = = Mn(NO3)2+Cu d . Fe+mnso 4 = = feso 4+Mn
16. As shown in the figure, put two balls with the mass of m 1 and m2 on a car with a smooth surface and move in a straight line with the car at a constant speed. When the car suddenly stops moving, two balls (assuming the car is infinitely long, excluding other resistance)
A, it must collide. B, you must not collide.
C, if m 1
17. As shown in the figure, after the key S is closed, it is found that the light L is not on and the fuse is not blown. A classmate used a pencil to test the C and D wires of the lamp holder, and found that both wires can make the neon tube of the pencil glow. When the fire line A and the zero line B are tested with a pencil, the neon tube can emit light when the fire line A is tested, but not when the zero line B is tested ... Then it can be determined that the fault is ().
A. short circuit of live wire and neutral wire B. short circuit of light L.
C. where is the AC part of the wire broken? D. the BD section of the wire is broken somewhere.
18. Sodium nitrite poisoning is often reported in life, because sodium nitrite looks like salt and has a salty taste; Sodium nitrite is often mixed into industrial salt. Some information about sodium chloride and sodium nitrite is as follows:
If you want to check whether there is sodium nitrite in salt, the following judgment method is wrong.
A. Add hydrochloric acid to salt, and observe whether reddish-brown gas is released.
B. evaporate 100g saturated salt solution at 0/00℃, and the solute mass is 39. 6438+02g。
C. measure the pH of the salt solution with a ph test paper.
Heat the salt above 3200℃ and observe whether there is irritating gas released.
19. The teaching building of Xiaoshi School has four gates, east, south, west and north, which are required to be closed after school. Master Jiang, who usually lives in the south gate, has to go to three places every day to check whether the door is closed properly. It is very hard. After Xiaoshi learned electricity, in order to reduce the workload of Master Jiang, he designed a circuit diagram, that is, as long as one of the three doors is not closed (equivalent to a switch being turned off), the indicator light representing the door will light up. The following circuit diagram meets the requirements:
20, weight 100 cattle can produce the maximum buoyancy for ().
A. it must be less than 100 Niu Yi B. it must be greater than 100 north latitude C. it must be equal to 100 north latitude D. it can be greater than 100 north latitude.
2 1, gallstone alum (CuSO4 5H2O) is a common chemical substance. The following statement about gallstone alumni is wrong.
A.CuSO4 5H20 is pure. B. The total charges of copper ions and sulfate ions in the vitriol solution are equal.
C. Some choleric alum is often added to the water in the swimming pool regularly, because copper ions have a certain bactericidal effect.
D, when metallic sodium is added into the sulfuric acid solution, the copper is replaced.
22. In 2009, "World Environment Day" proposed "Joint Response to Climate Change". The following practices cannot reduce the greenhouse effect: ()
A. Using alcohol and biogas in large quantities can not only solve the problem of energy shortage, but also help to reduce acid rain pollution.
Advocate the use of energy-saving technologies and products in production and life.
C. strictly prohibit afforestation and deforestation.
D. promote public transportation, cycling or walking.
Three. Fill in the blanks (35 points for this big question * * *)
23.(5 points) Water is an important substance necessary for organisms. Please use what you have learned to answer the following questions about water:
(1) Although water can't provide energy, it is an indispensable and important substance for organisms and has many important physiological functions. Please name an important physiological function of water in living organisms.
(2) Plants mainly absorb water through roots, and some water entering mesophyll cells becomes plants.
The main raw materials of this process.
(3) The human body obtains water mainly through diet and drinking water. Under normal circumstances, human cells can also pass
Get water.
(4) Plants lose water mainly through transpiration, while human body excretes water mainly through urine and sweat. Please list another way for the human body to excrete water.
(5) Generally speaking, the daily urine output in summer is less than that in winter. The reason is.
24.(6 points) The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of the human heart structure, showing different parts of the heart. According to the picture, answer:
(1), compared with the five parts in the figure, the blood content of the three parts in the figure is obviously increased.
(2) The blood in four places in the figure flows from the blood vessel indicated by 1 to all parts of the body, and finally flows back to five places in the figure. This cyclic process is called.
(3) When blood flows through the body and other organs, the content of metabolic waste in blood is obviously reduced.
(4) The structure of human heart is similar to that of pig heart. While observing the fresh pig heart (the main blood vessels connected with the heart are all l0cm), a classmate continues to wash the two blood vessels in the picture. The experimental phenomenon you predicted is because
(5) When the human body is in strenuous exercise, the heart rate is obviously accelerated. The reason is.
25.(4 points) In the development and utilization of new energy, the development of hydrogen energy is an important development direction, such as hydrogen energy vehicles. Although carbon monoxide and hydrogen have the same chemical properties, such as sex and sex, carbon monoxide is not the development direction of new energy. From the perspective of safety and environmental protection, the important reasons for this are as follows
26.(4 points) There are two bottles of solutions with labels falling off in the laboratory, and only hydrochloric acid solution and sulfuric acid solution are known. Please select the following reagents:
① Iron oxide ② Sodium hydroxide solution ③ Sodium carbonate solution ④ Barium hydroxide solution ⑤ Barium chloride solution. They are identified by two methods, using only one reagent at a time. Please fill in the following form:
Chemical equation with obvious reaction phenomenon in the selected reagent number.
Method one
Method 2
27.(6 points) An elephant with a mass of 6× 103kg, each paw has an area of 600cm2, the gravity is N, and the pressure on the ground when all four feet land is Pa. If an elephant lifts one leg, as shown in the figure, its pressure on the ground (please fill in "bigger", "smaller" or "unchanged"). (g = 10N/kg)
28.(6 points) In the process of inflating bicycle tires with a piston pump, the pump wall usually becomes hot. The causes of cylinder wall heating are work and work. Please design an experiment to prove which is the main cause of fever.
29.(4 points) At present, the Antarctic continent is frozen all the year round, and nothing grows. Antarctica is rich in fresh water resources, which mainly exist in the following forms. Scientists found in the Antarctic expedition that there are abundant coal buried underground in the Antarctic continent. As we know, coal is produced by ancient plants buried underground after millions of years of complex changes. What do you think is the most reasonable explanation for the source of underground coal in Antarctic continent? (1) cold-tolerant plants grew on the Antarctic continent millions of years ago; ② The temperature of Antarctic continent was suitable for plant growth millions of years ago; Hundreds of millions of years ago, lush plants grew in the middle and low latitudes of the Antarctic continent, and later drifted to the present position.
Four, experiment, short answer questions (this big question ***38 points)
30.(5 points) A classmate put two pots of broad bean seedlings with similar growth conditions into two black boxes respectively, and opened a small window on the right side of the black box of B pot of broad bean seedlings, and installed a fixed light source outside the window to keep other environmental conditions suitable and the same. A week later, the growth of two pots of broad bean seedlings, A and B, is shown in the figure. Please answer the following questions:
(1), this student designed this experiment to explore.
(2) According to the knowledge learned, explain the reason why the young stem of broad bean in pot B bends towards the light source.
(3) If another pot of broad bean seedlings is taken, a small window is also opened on the right side of the black box, a fixed light source is installed outside the window, and a rotator is installed at the bottom of the flowerpot. When the rotating body rotates at a uniform speed, the flowerpot also rotates, but neither the camera box nor the light source rotates, as shown in Figure C. When the flowerpot in Figure C rotates continuously for one week, please predict the growth or bending of young broad bean stems in the device.
(4) If the broad bean seedlings in flowerpot A are placed horizontally (parallel to the ground), the growth direction of the young broad bean stems you predict is one, which is the response of plants to gravity stimulation. The different responses of young stems of broad beans to unilateral light, gravity and other stimuli belong to plants. This feature can also be called biological stress.
3 1.(6 points) Sodium percarbonate (Na2CO4) is a common bleaching bactericide. Its aqueous solution is alkaline and can react with hydrochloric acid as follows: 2n2co4+4hcl = = 4NaCl+2co2 =+O2 =+2h2o. Sodium percarbonate for industrial use usually contains a small amount of sodium carbonate. In order to determine the purity of industrial sodium percarbonate, the following instruments (including drugs in the instruments) and litmus test solution can be selected for experiments. Please answer the following questions:
(1), take a proper amount of sodium percarbonate sample and react with a sufficient amount of dilute hydrochloric acid, as long as the products produced in the reaction process are determined.
The purity of sodium percarbonate can be calculated from the volume.
(2) Please select the devices needed for this experiment and arrange them in the correct connection order (fill in the letters, and there are enough reagents in the instrument).
(3) The experimental operation methods and phenomena for judging whether the sodium percarbonate sample is completely reacted are as follows.
32.( 10) There are many methods to determine the oxygen content in the air. Jiasheng designed an experimental scheme as shown in figure 1: put excess red phosphorus into a burning spoon, immediately insert it into a gas cylinder after ignition, plug it with a rubber stopper, cool the gas cylinder to room temperature after the red phosphorus flame is extinguished, open the iron clamp and inject water into the gas cylinder. Answer the following questions:
(1), after the reaction, open the iron clip, the direct reason why water is automatically injected into the gas container is
(2) B also designed the experimental scheme as shown in Figure 2. The device and operation are similar to those of A, except that sulfur powder is used instead of red phosphorus and a dropper is added. In order to make the experiment successful, B should be added to the dropper.
Solution. After the reaction, drop the solution and write the chemical equation of the reaction.
(3) If nitrogen in the air can also react with red phosphorus, can this method be used to determine the oxygen content in the air? ▲
(4) C wants to use the reaction between oxygen and a metal to determine the oxygen content in the air. He chose to use the following instruments and drugs: ① l000ml flask with cork; ② Electronic balance (weighing accuracy is 0.01g); ③ Alcohol lamp; (4) some metal powder. His experimental steps are as follows: accurately weigh the mass of a certain metal powder (enough), put it in a flask, plug it with a cork, let it stand for a while, then pour out the powder in the flask and weigh its mass. Write the experimental ideas of C students.
33.(7 points) When Xiaoming conducted the experiment of "measuring the power of small bulbs", the equipment provided on the experimental platform included: 6V battery, ammeter (0-0.6A, 0-3A), voltmeter (0-3V, 0- 15V) and sliding rheostat (50ω 1.5A).
(1) The range that Xiao Ming should choose for ammeter and voltmeter in the experiment;
(2) His experimental circuit diagram is shown in the figure. Please draw the physical connection diagram according to the circuit drawing in the dotted box.
(3), if after closing the switch, found that the light bulb does not shine, ammeter reading is zero, voltmeter reading is 6V, the cause of this failure may be the sum of the following situations (fill in the serial number).
A. the small light is short-circuited. The filament of the small electric lamp is broken.
C. Poor contact of lamp holder of small electric lamp
D. the positive and negative poles of the voltmeter are connected backwards.
E. poor contact of rheostat slide.
(4) After troubleshooting, three groups of data measured by adjusting the sliding rheostat are shown in the table, and the rated power of the small electric lamp is W. ..
34.( 10) In extracurricular activities, the teacher asked the students to make a four-wheeled vehicle with a total mass of about 400 grams and no power consumption, and competed who could run farthest on a horizontal road with little friction. Zhang Ming made a car, as shown on the right. He added two reagents to the test tube and plugged it. After a while, the car drove forward.
(1). Theoretically, if the total mass of the two reagents added is the same, please choose the reagent that best meets the competition requirements among the following reagents: ① zinc powder, ② iron powder, ③ copper powder, ④ 10% dilute sulfuric acid and ⑤ 10% hydrochloric acid solution. The reagent you choose is (fill in the serial number), and the chemical equation of the reaction in the test tube is ▲;
(2) If the moving speed of the trolley is faster than the reagent selected in (1) when the total mass of the two reagents added is the same, which two reagents should be added to the test tube (fill in the serial number and choose from the reagents provided in the above question)? (Hint: the pH value of 10% dilute sulfuric acid is greater than that of 10% hydrochloric acid solution)
(3) If the above reagents are still selected, how can Zhang Canming's car run further without changing the quality, road and power of the reagents? Please propose improvement methods ▲
(4) Some students can make the car move according to the same propulsion principle, but there is no chemical reaction. The method he chose may be.
Five, analysis and calculation problems (this big problem ***35 points)
35.(7 points) Hangzhou Municipal Government has invested heavily in livelihood projects and implemented landscape transformation of back streets and alleys. During construction, a construction worker uses a pulley block to lift a mud bucket weighing 220N, and the moving pulley weighs 20N, excluding friction and rope weight (as shown on the right). If the worker lifts the hopper 2m at a uniform speed within 5s, ask:
(1) It is the useful work done by the workers when using the pulley block that is the key point.
(2) The force that workers pull the rope is cattle; The power of the pulling force is watts.
③ The mechanical efficiency of pulley block is
36.(5 points) An inaccurate balance is mainly due to the unequal length of the left and right arms of its beam. In order to reduce the experimental error, the "exchange method" is often used to determine the mass of objects in the laboratory. That is, the measured object is first placed on the left board, and the total mass of the weight in the right board is mL when it is balanced that day; Then put the measured object on the plate on the right. When the balance is laid flat, the total mass of the weights in the left plate is m2. Try to prove that the mass of the measured object is m=
37.(8 points) The circuit shown in figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermostat working at an ambient temperature of about 10c. The resistance in the box is Rl = 5kΩ, R2 is a thermistor, and the graph of its resistance changing with temperature is shown in Figure 2, and the power supply voltage is 12V. When the voltage Uab between the two access points A and B of the voltage discriminator is less than 2V, the discriminator will turn on the switch S, so that the heating wire in the constant temperature box will be electrified and heated, thus raising the temperature in the box. When Uab is greater than 4V, the discriminator will turn off S and stop heating.
(1), as can be seen from Figure 2, when the ambient temperature is 150C, the thermistor R2 is kω.
(2) In what range will the temperature in the incubator be kept by calculation?
(3) What measures can be taken to reduce the temperature variation range in this incubator on the basis of the second question under the condition that the function of frequency discriminator and thermistor remain unchanged?
38.(5 points) Compared with ordinary sugar, xylitol has the characteristics of low calorie and is often used in diet foods. It is known that this organic matter consists of three elements, of which the mass fraction of hydrogen is about 7. The oxygen concentration is about 52. 6%, each molecule contains 5 oxygen atoms. Try to answer:
(1) Another element contained in this organic matter is:
(2) The relative molecular mass of organic matter is (integer);
(3) The chemical formula of organic matter is.
39.( 10) People vary widely in height, height, weight and thinness, and there are many reasons for the difference in body shape, among which heredity is an important factor. In addition, different places of residence will also affect the shape and size of the body. For example, the Nile people near the equator are tall and thin; Inuit people living in the Arctic are wide and strong. Anthropologists have found that there are great differences in human body shape between races living in different places. (See the picture on the right, each small black dot represents the latitude of residence and the average pelvic width of a race. The bigger the pelvis, the stronger the figure. On the contrary, people's height does not change significantly with different geographical locations. For example, Gomi and nilot live at the same latitude, but they are short.
Why is the shape of human body related to geographical location? Anthropologists believe that this is mainly due to the influence of the climate in the place of residence on the way the human body radiates heat. Studies have shown that the larger the surface area of the skin, the more heat the body emits; The greater the weight, the more calories the body produces. The human body maintains a stable body temperature through the dynamic balance of two physiological processes: heat production and heat dissipation. Please answer the following questions:
(1) The main heat dissipation organs of the human body are:
(2) According to the information in the figure, the conclusion is:
(3) The Inuit in the Arctic are broad and strong, and the biological significance of forming this figure is:
(4) The pelvic width of some human races living in low latitudes is obviously different from that of most human races living in the same latitudes. What do you think is the main reason for this difference?
(5) There is no similar obvious change in the height of people of different races with different geographical locations. According to the relevant information and knowledge, Xiao Gang designed a questionnaire on the related factors affecting racial height, and the respondents were people aged 20 to 35. Please fill in the blanks of the items in the form (where there is a ▲) and fill in the survey items that you think are most relevant to the research question.
If you send the answer again, it will be rewritten. . . You go here and have a look
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