No. 1 Wu Zetian after Tang Gaozong
Wu Zetian (624-705) was born in Wenshui (now east of Wenshui County, Shanxi Province). The only orthodox female emperor in the history of China is also one of the oldest (67 years old) and longest-lived (82 years old) emperors. Yang, the second daughter and mother of a hero in the Tang Dynasty. At the age of fourteen, he entered the harem as a talented person of Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong named him Mei Niang. Tang Gaozong was Zhao Yi at first, then a queen, and was honored as the queen of heaven. He and Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong are called the second sage. From February 27th, 65438+683 to February 27th, 65438+6901October 6th, he served as the empress dowager Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong, and later proclaimed himself emperor, hence the name Luoyang. After the restoration of Tang Zhongzong and the restoration of the Tang Dynasty, he was honored as "Emperor Zetiansheng", and later changed his name to "Empress Zetiansheng" according to Wu's wishes, and was buried in Ganling as a queen. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne for four years (7 16), and after posthumous title became Emperor Zetiansheng, Tianbao was eight years (749).
Wu Zetian's first contribution to historical development was that she attacked conservative aristocratic families. The second is to promote economic development. The third contribution is to stabilize the border situation. The fourth contribution is to promote the development of culture. The fifth contribution is to know people and be good at their duties. However, in a long historical period, Wu Zetian was criticized far more than praised. Some people say that she hired cruel officials and killed them at will. From being a queen to being an emperor, Wu Zetian was constantly opposed by various forces. In addition to suppressing public resistance by force, Wu Zetian also appointed cruel officials to suppress those who expressed dissatisfaction with her. Because she overestimated the power against her and killed many innocent people. However, it is mainly aristocratic bureaucrats and their henchmen and family members, not ordinary people. The most disdainful thing about her in history is that she once owned several Toy Boy, which became a scandal that she will never forget, and became a topic of tossing and turning among literati, so that her outstanding achievements were drowned. As for her favorite, because Wu Zetian is the emperor, any emperor can have it, and so can a female emperor. In fact, compared with any male emperor's harem, her Toy Boy is insignificant.
Generally speaking, Wu Zetian is not only an outstanding female politician, but also an outstanding female strategist. She developed the rule of Zhenguan in all directions and laid the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan. Of course, Wu Zetian also has a dark side in politics, financial difficulties in economy and so on. But compared with her historical achievements, these are secondary after all. It should also be pointed out that the economic development and strong national strength at that time were not the personal credit of Wu Zetian. Due to the election of the equal land system and the rise of the imperial examination system, the hereditary aristocratic forces declined rapidly, the small and medium-sized landlord class rose sharply, and a large number of scholars proudly entered the political arena. This historical trend pushed Wu Zetian to the throne of the queen. Wu Zetian complied with the historical era and promoted the development of China history.
No.2 Xiaozhuang after Emperor Taizong
Empress Xiaozhuangwen (16 13- 1688), the name of Bumubutai in Borzijit Banner, also known as Benbutai, is the second daughter of Belezhai Sang in Horqin, Mongolia. Born on the eighth day of February in the forty-first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1613); Ten years of fate (1625) married Huang taiji; In the first year of Chongde (1636), after Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing, he was given the title of Princess Zhuang. Fu Lin (the emperor shunzhi), the ninth son of Chongde for three years; In the eighth year of Chongde (1643), after the emperor shunzhi acceded to the throne, she was proud of her aunt and filial piety and was called the Queen Mother. Shunzhi eight years (165 1), the emblem is called Queen Zhao Sheng; After Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, he was honored as the Empress Dowager. In the 26th year of Kangxi (1688 65438+1October 27th), he died on December 25th at the age of 75. Zhao Xiling was buried and awarded posthumously by posthumous title. Finally, posthumous title was: Ren Xuancheng, Xian Gongyi, De Chunhui, Yi Tianqi, Xiao Zhuang Shengwen Queen, a famous sage in the history of China, who trained and assisted the monarchs of Shunzhi and Kangxi all her life. She was an outstanding female politician in the early Qing Dynasty.
No.3 is second only to Liao.
Xiao Chuo (953- 1009) was a female military commander and politician in the Liao Dynasty in China. Xiao Yanyan, the Empress Dowager of Liao Dynasty, was the empress of Ye Luxian, Jing Zong of Liao Dynasty. Known as Xiao Taihou in folk operas. Xiao's third daughter, Liao minister and prime minister of the northern government. In 969, he was made queen. Due to Liao's infirmity, Xiao Chuo was regent and died at the age of 35. Xiao Chuo stabilized the situation in Liao Dynasty with few children. 1004, he signed the alliance of monasteries, 1009, and he returned to the government of Emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty. He died the same year at the age of 57.
Xiao Chuo is a female ruler in China's minority areas, a famous politician, strategist and reformer of the Khitan nationality. Under her rule, the Liao Dynasty entered the most glorious period of ruling the Central Plains for 200 years in history. In the China Military Museum, the portrait of Xiao Chuo has been hung in the exhibition halls of military strategists of past dynasties. We usually call her Xiao Taihou.
Xiao Chuo is smart and beautiful, and she matured very early. After Liao Jingzong succeeded to the throne, he was chosen as the imperial concubine. In 969 (the first year of Baoning), she was made queen. In 97 1 year (three years of Baoning), he gave birth to three sons and three daughters with Emperor Yelulongxu of Liao Dynasty. Liao was sickly and sometimes unable to go to court, and most military affairs were represented by the queen. In 975 (the eighth year of Baoning), Emperor Liao said to the bachelor of history museum: "When writing the queen's speech, you should also call it' I' or' Yu'." This shows that Xiao Chuo can exercise his functions and powers on behalf of the emperor, and many of Liao's achievements are attributed to Xiaozhuo.
Fourth place, Emperor Wendi fought Fang Yi.
Dou (205 BC-BC 135 or BC 129) was born in Guanjin, Qinghe County (now Guanjin Village, Wuyi County, Hebei Province). It is a beauty of the Western Han Dynasty. Born in poverty, talented and blessed by fate, she went from a commoner to a maid-in-waiting, and eventually became an outstanding woman who assisted Wen san huang in managing mountains and rivers.
Dou's family was born in poverty. Her father lived in seclusion in Guanjin to escape the Qin rebellion, but unfortunately he fell into the river and died, leaving three orphans. In the early Han Dynasty, the court went to Qinghe to recruit maids, and Dou was called into the palace when he was young. In BC 195, great-grandfather Liu Bang died, and Lv Zhi, as the empress dowager, manipulated the state affairs. At that time, several maids were chosen for the King of Qi, five of whom were Dou. Dou lives in Qinghe, near Zhao, and hopes to go to Zhao. She asked the eunuch in charge of sending maids to put her name on the roster to go to Zhao. The eunuch forgot about it when distributing maids and mistakenly put her name on the national roster. So she went to Daiguo. Although this is not her wish, after she arrived in the countryside, she won the favor of a generation of kings, Liu Heng, and was pampered and sealed as a beauty. Liu Heng, the first king of the imperial court, had a queen. After the queen died of illness, Dou Renmei, the only lucky king in the imperial court, was made queen. During the imperial rule, she first gave birth to Liu Pu with the imperial king Liu Heng, and later gave birth to two sons: the eldest son Liu Qi and the second son Liu Wu.
BC 157, Wendi died, Jingdi Liu Qi ascended the throne, and Dou Taihou became the Empress Dowager, known as Dou Taihou in history. From Empress Dowager Cixi to her death, Dou Taihou began her career of governing the country.
Dou Taihou was the last ruler in the Western Han Dynasty who believed in Huang Lao's thoughts. Under her influence, the Western Han regime was able to continue the spirit of "people's livelihood-oriented" and "doing nothing" established by Liu Bang. Pushed the Han dynasty to the peak of prosperity. As Pei Gong, she sought to inherit the experience of Jiaodong. She enjoyed the fame of Tenshindon and stayed in Han Qing. In her time, she inherited the great achievements of Emperor Gaozu and inspired the glory of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Liu, who is behind.
Zhang Xianming was the queen of Suliu (968- 1033) and a native of Huayang, Yizhou (now Huayang Town, Chengdu, Sichuan), also known as Queen Zhang Xian and Queen Zhao Heng of Song Zhenzong. Unknown, named Liu E in folk operas, the first Regent Empress Dowager in the Song Dynasty, he completed the smooth handover of the Song regime from Zhenzong to Renzong, laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Song Dynasty in Renzong, and helped Song Renzong to create the "Renzong Prosperity". I often told Lv Hou in the Han Dynasty and Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty that the history books said that he "had the talent of Lu Wu, but not the evil of Lu Wu".
Liu Tiansheng was beautiful and smart, similar to Zhao Hengnian, and soon he was inseparable. However, Mrs. Qin, a wet nurse, thought that Liu was born in poverty and advised not to be close to Liu, so she had to report to him. Emperor Taizong was furious and the imperial edict came down together and ordered Liu to leave Beijing. He married 17 year old Zhao Heng. At this time, Zhao Heng was named korean king, the bride was the eighth daughter of Zhongwu Pan Mei, and Pan Shi, who was 16 years old, was named Mrs. Juguo. However, under the pressure of the emperor, Liu was sent out of the palace and secretly hid in the home of Zhang Jian, the commander of the palace, but he didn't want to leave Liu and met privately from time to time. Liu has been sneaking around like this for fifteen years. On March 3rd, the third year of Daoism, Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi, 59, died, and the testamentary edict was passed on to Zhao Heng, who had been a prince for two years. Having inherited the great cause of reunification, he doesn't have to associate with Liu secretly anymore. He ascended the throne in March, made Guo the queen in May, and made Pan Shi the queen of Zhuang Huai in June (later changed to the queen). Although there were 3,000 beautiful women in the harem, Liu was not forgotten and soon entered the palace. In the first month of the first year of Jingdezhen (1004), Liu was named as a four-product beauty and officially became one of the concubines in the harem. Under the Queen Guo at that time, only the most respected one, even the concubine Yang, was also called a talent of five talents. At this time, Liu can finally handle real cases aboveboard. Although Liu is 36 years old, he is smart and gentle, and he has always been loved by Zhenzong.
As a queen, unlike other concubines, Liu only knows how to compete for favor. She is brilliant, familiar with ancient and modern books and history, and familiar with political affairs. Whenever she helps Zhenzong, Zhenzong can't live without her. Read the newspaper every day, and Queen Liu will be there. When you go out for a cruise, you should also take Liu.
Although Queen Liu has been in power for a long time and is unwilling to hand over authority to Injong, she is still a loving mother. Renzong was weak and sick when he was young. Liu is busy with government affairs and asks Yang to take care of her. Injong called Wei Liu "the great queen" and "the little queen".
Although Empress Liu didn't want to return to Injong, she didn't want to stand on her own feet. Cheng Lin presented the samurai facing the DPRK, and Empress Liu threw it on the ground and said, "I would never do such a thing!" " After Empress Dowager Cixi's statement, the ministers were relieved and Renzong was grateful. He was respectful and filial, and even issued an imperial edict in September of the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), raising the ceremony of the Queen Mother's birthday Changning Festival to the same level as the Emperor's birthday Ganyuan Festival.
Lv Zhi No.6 after Emperor Gaozu.
(24 1 years ago-180 years ago) was called, or Empress Henkel, Empress Lu, etc. Single father (now Shan County, Shandong Province). Empress of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (reigned from 202 BC to 195 BC) was honored as Empress Dowager (from 65438 BC to 180 BC) after Gaozu's death. She is the first recorded queen and empress dowager in the history of China. At the same time, Lv Zhi was also the first female in the feudal dynasty who had mastered the Han regime 16 years. Historical Records of Lv Hou (Xiang Yu and He were not emperors, but Sima Qian still included them in Historical Records to record the emperor's political affairs) is the only biography written for women in Historical Records.
Lv Hou played a great role in cutting off the princes with different surnames for Liu Bang. After the death of Emperor Gaozu, Lv Hou took Hui Di as a prisoner when he was young, so he planned to kill all the old ministers and gain actual political power. He was poisoned, cut off Mrs. Qi's hands and feet, made her dumb, and put it in the toilet, named it "Renbi". Hui Di was dissatisfied with what the emperor had done and died of depression. Lv Hou became the first dictator of China.
There are different opinions about Lv Zhi in history. But in any case, in our time, what we saw was that her achievements for the people at that time were conclusive, so only in this respect was her evaluation positive.
Yin Lihua, the seventh after Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty.
Historically, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu and his queen Yin Lihua have a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages: "An official should be a golden boy and his wife should be Yin Lihua." Liu Xiu's statement comes from Who is Han Shu? Empress Ji passed on the story of light and violent yin: light martial arts are suitable for new fields, and I am glad to hear its beauty. Later, when I arrived in Chang 'an, I saw that I was riding a very busy car. I sighed and said, "My official should be someone who holds Jin Wu. If I marry, I should get Yin Lihua." .
Yin Lihua (5 -64) was born in Xinye County, Nanyang County (now Xinye County, Henan Province), the second queen of Liu Xiu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the descendant of Guan Zhong, a famous generation in the Spring and Autumn Period. Yin Lihua is famous for her beauty in history. Historically, when Liu Xiu was a civilian, she admired Yin Lihua's beauty and couldn't help sighing that "she married a wife and was worthy of Yin Lihua". After the battle of Kunyang, he married Yin in Wancheng. A year later, Liu Xiu married Guo Shengkun, who was born in the Western Han Dynasty, in Hebei. When the Eastern Han Dynasty was founded, Guo became a queen, while Yin Lihua was a noble person. In the seventeenth year of Jianwu, Queen Guo was abolished, and Yin Lihua, a noble person, was named Queen. Yin Lihua reigned for twenty-four years and was buried with Liu Xiu in the original mausoleum after his death. Posthumous title is "brilliant". Yin Lihua's character is recorded in "The Records of Empress in the Later Han Dynasty": respectful and thrifty, seldom enjoying treasures, and not fond of laughing and joking. Kindness and filial piety, compassion and fraternity. Empress Yin Lihua is a virtuous queen, who respects diligence and thrift at home and restrains clan relatives at abroad.
Emperor Taizong's Empress No.8 Shi
Grandson Queen (60 1-636), a native of Chang 'an, was born in an official family. Her ancestor was Tuoba of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and her father and grandchild Sun Sheng was the right general Xiao Wei. She likes reading since she was a child, and she is proficient in management. At the age of thirteen, she married Li Shimin. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, she was posthumously named Princess Qin.
When the bad blood with Li deepened, she served wholeheartedly, diligently obeyed the concubines in the harem, strived for their sympathy and tried to eliminate their misunderstanding of the king of Qin. On the eve of the "Xuanwumen Change", she kindly comforted the staff of the Qin government, and all the soldiers left and right were moved by it. After Li Shimin ascended the throne, she was made queen. In addition to taking care of Li and Li Yuanji's widow, the eldest grandson of the Queen also carefully arranged the residence and selected maids to take care of their daily lives, which is a big gesture of providing for the elderly.
Although the eldest grandson is the mother of a country, his life is frugal and simple, and he has no extravagant habits of official wives at all. Everything she uses is limited enough and never extravagant. Not only that, she also led her son and concubines to do the same. Once, the prince's nanny suggested buying more electrical appliances for the prince. When the eldest grandson learned of this, he was very angry and said, "Now the country has just been established and the people are still living in turmoil. As the king of a country, you should be diligent and self-sufficient and care for the people. You are worthy of being a sage! " Emperor Taizong knew that she knew the important principle deeply, so he often talked with her about state affairs after the next dynasty. But she said solemnly, "The only thing that keeps you awake is home. I am a woman, how can I talk about state affairs at will? " Emperor Taizong didn't listen and talked to her endlessly, but she kept silent.
If Tang Taizong is a wise emperor who can accept suggestions, then the eldest grandson queen is the behind-the-scenes pusher who helped him accept direct suggestions generously. On one occasion, Emperor Taizong came back angrily and said that he would kill Wei Zhi. When asked, it turned out that Wei Zhi often protested mercilessly in public, and sometimes even made Emperor Taizong feel humiliated. Emperor Taizong was so angry that he wanted to get rid of Wei Zhi. Unexpectedly, after listening to Taizong's words, the eldest grandson queen entered the room, and after a long time, she put on a grand dress and came out. Taizong was amazed. The eldest grandson smiled and said, "Congratulations to the Emperor! I heard the ancients say that' only wise monarchs and courtiers dare to remonstrate aloud', and Wei Zhi dared to remonstrate so boldly, which shows that your majesty is magnanimous and can accept the opinions of courtiers. You are a wise emperor! So I want to congratulate you. " Hearing this, Taizong suddenly realized.
The 9th Ma Xiuying after Ming Taizu.
Ma Huanghou, whose name is Xiuying (1332- 1382), is from Suzhou, Anhui, and is of Han nationality. Born in the eighth day of August in the third year of Shun (A.D. 1332). In the Yuan Dynasty, when the beauty of three-inch golden lotus was valued and women bound their feet, Ma Xiuying was called "Ma Dajiao" because her feet were not firmly bound. At the age of twelve, Ma Xiuying was adopted by his father and friend Guo Zixing, the leader of the Red Scarf Army. I married Zhu Yuanzhang at the age of twenty-one and stayed with him for fifteen years. In A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, with the title Daming and Jianyuan Hongwu, and Xiuying became the queen. In August of the 15th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1382), Ma Huanghou died of overwork in Nanjing at the age of 5 1 year. After his death, he was posthumously made a filial piety queen and buried in Zhongshan Sun, the Ming Tomb where Zhu Yuanzhang was buried together after his death.
She is a kind, kind, thrifty and loving generation of sages; When Ming Taizu was overbearing, she dared to protest and saved the lives of many loyal ministers and generals. She was very kind to the harem concubines and did not seek personal gain for her family, which created an atmosphere in which the harem and consorts of the Ming Dynasty did not engage in politics.
10 Xu Yihua Ming Hou cheng zu
Empress Renxiao Xu (1362- 1407), a native of Haozhou, was the eldest daughter of Xu Da, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and her mother Xie (the second daughter of Xie Zaixing). In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), on the 27th day of the first month, she was canonized as Princess Yan and was established for four years. In the 11th year of Yongle (14 13), he was buried in Changling in February.
On the 27th day of the first month of the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Xu, aged 15, married Princess Yan, aged 17. Xu Renxiao is very gentle, and Ma Huanghou praised this daughter-in-law in public more than once. In March of the thirteenth year of Hongwu, Yan Fei went to Beiping with her.
Later, Wen Jian cut vassals, and on July 5th, the first year of Wen Jian (AD 1399), Judy, the prince of Yan, announced that she would attack Jingnan. When she went to Daning to "borrow soldiers", facing the 500,000 troops of Enemy at the Gates and Li Jinglong, Yan Fei personally boarded the city to bid, and successfully defended Beiping City with the prince. On June 13th, the fourth year of his reign, the battle of Jingnan, which lasted for three years, finally ended. Nanjing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, was occupied by Yan Wangjun. When Yan Fei stepped into the palace again, she was already the hostess here.
In September of the 22nd year of Yongle (1424), Empress Injong of posthumous title, who showed filial piety, gave a gift to Empress Vincent Tianqi in Chengming Village. Ruocitang