Baotou City is located in the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, at the southern end of Mongolian Plateau, bordering the Yellow River in the south, Tumochuan Plain and Hetao Plain on the east and west sides, and the yinshan mountains runs through the city center. The city borders Mongolia in the north, Dalat Banner in Yikezhao League and Zhungeer Banner on the other side of the Yellow River in the south, Urad Qianqi and Urad Zhongqi in Bayannur League in the west, and Tuoketuo County, Tumd Zuo Qi and Wuchuan County in Hohhot in the east. The coordinates are10916' ~10 25' east longitude and 4015' ~ 42 40' north latitude, with a total area of 27 69 1 km2, in which the urban area is. Baotou is a transportation hub connecting North China and Northwest China.
Historically, Baotou is famous for its "flood and drought wharf" and "fur distribution center" in the northwest. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), after 50 years of construction, it has become a metallurgical, mechanical, chemical and electric power industry, including steel, rare earth, non-ferrous metals, machinery manufacturing, heavy vehicles, coal, electronics, building materials, leather, fur, textiles, clothing, food, sugar-making, brewing, enamel, paper-making, printing and arts and crafts.
The yinshan mountains is located in the middle of the city, forming three geomorphic units: the northern hilly plateau, the central mountain and the southern plain. The central mountainous area is about 145 km long from east to west, 50 km wide from north to south, with continuous peaks, gentle northern slope and steep southern slope, forming the "backbone" of landform. It is mainly distributed in Daqing Mountain, Wula Mountain and Serten Mountain in the yinshan mountains. It is bounded by Kundulun River, with Daqing Mountain in the east and Wula Mountain in the west. The east of Daqing Mountain is the east of Hohhot, and the main peak is 2,338 meters above sea level. Wula Mountain extends westward and disappears in Hetao Plain, with its main peak in North China at an altitude of 2,324 meters. Seteng Mountain is located in the north of Wula Mountain, winding like a hill, entering the urban area from west to east, and finally meeting with Daqing Mountain, with an altitude of 1 800-2 000 meters.
It has a continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and a large temperature difference between day and night. It is characterized by long cold in winter, warm in late spring, short hot in summer, cool in early autumn, windy and rainy, and long sunshine. The annual average temperature is 4℃ (north of the mountain) to 6℃ (south of the mountain), 1 monthly average temperature-16℃- 12℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is -37.4℃. The average temperature in July is 19℃-23℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 38.4℃. Because the city is mountainous and the terrain is complex, the frost period is different. The average frost-free period in northern Shaanxi 109 days, and the average frost-free period in southern Shaanxi 138 days. The annual precipitation is small and concentrated. There are great changes from year to year. The average annual rainfall is 308 mm, with the largest rainfall in July and August. It accounts for more than 50% of the annual precipitation.
The largest river in China is the Yellow River, which starts from Urad Qianqi in the west and flows along the southern edge of the city in the east of Tuoketuo County. It has a total length of 2 14km, a water surface width of 130m to 458m, a water depth of 1.4m to 9.3m m. The water flow is gentle, suitable for shipping, with a maximum flow of 6,400 cubic meters per second and a minimum flow. The water level peaks in March and August, and the annual average freezing period is 1 13 days. Kundulun River, a famous stone gate water in history, originated in Chunkunshan, Guyang County, crossed the boundary valley between Wulashan and Daqingshan from north to south, crossed Kundulun District and flowed into the Yellow River, with a total length of115km and a drainage area of nearly 3,000km2. There are also seasonal rivers in Wudanggou, Meidaigou, Shuilangou, Hadimengou and other valleys, which are often dry in winter and spring, and flash floods often occur in rainy season.
Daqingshan, Wulashan, Sertengshan and Baiyunebo Plateau have strong geological processes, metamorphic rocks and various intrusive rocks are widely distributed and rich in minerals. There are 72 kinds of proven minerals and nearly 400 producing areas. Among them, iron, rare earth, niobium, gold, perlite, marble, dolomite, timely and coal have formed regional resource advantages. Iron ore resources are abundant, with proven total reserves of 65.438+30.8 million tons and more than 50 large and small producing areas. At present, Baotou Steel has three iron ore raw material bases: Baiyun Obo Iron Mine (large scale), Heinaobao Iron Mine (medium scale) and Gongyi Private Iron Mine (medium scale), with total reserves of 1 100 million tons. Rare earth resources are unique, with reserves exceeding 654.38+billion tons, accounting for 97% of China's total reserves and 865.438+0% of the world's reserves. Baotou rare earth mine is mainly light rare earth, with high content of precious metals such as samarium, europium and gadolinium, which is rare in the world. There are three large niobium deposits, which are concentrated in Baiyun Obo area. The proven reserves of niobium pentoxide are 510.4 million tons, ranking first in China. Gold is the main mineral after iron, rare earth and niobium. * * There are two medium-sized rock gold deposits, 65,438+0 small-sized rock gold deposits, 65,438+0 small-sized placer gold deposits and 65,438+07 ore occurrences and mineralization points. The proven in-table reserves are about 15.5 tons, which are distributed in Baiyun Obo and Guyang areas. Coal minerals are mainly distributed in Daqingshan and Guyang basins, with proven reserves of 654.38 billion tons and producing areas of more than 30 places, including 3 medium-sized coalfields and 25 small coalfields. In the mountainous areas of central China, there are abundant wildlife resources. There are 88 families, 302 genera and 60 1 species of wild plants. The rare species listed in the national key protection include Astragalus membranaceus and Prunus mongolica. Commonly used medicinal materials include more than 200 kinds of licorice, ephedra, codonopsis pilosula and medlar. There are many kinds of birds, including 25 resident birds, 8 summer migratory birds/kloc-0, 80 traveling birds and 7 winter migratory birds. Among them, there are 13 kinds of rare birds protected by the state, such as sparrows, vultures, golden eagles, kestrels and so on. Mammals 2 1 species, among which Qingyang and Snow Leopard are rare animals under national second-class protection, while roe deer, fur beast, red fox and badger are first-class protected animals in the autonomous region.