And in this process, we have seen a very amazing phenomenon, that is, the birth of children from poor families. Although modern people have become accustomed to this phenomenon, it is really remarkable in ancient society.
As early as the spring and autumn aristocratic era, it was particularly emphasized that the upper and lower levels were orderly, and only the nobles had room to rise, and the people at the bottom could only plow and be slaves. However, being born in poverty has become a reality, and this reality has actually become a common phenomenon in the Song Dynasty.
I have to say that this has a great influence on the development of China society and now. But there is also a big problem here. For such a long time, the aristocratic rule system was implemented. Why did it become a common phenomenon in the Song Dynasty? In fact, there is a lot of pressure in it. In this issue, the author will talk to you about this history.
First, the society in front of the cold door
Modern people always say that poor families have filial sons, and poor children take charge early, which seems to have become accustomed to this phenomenon. But in fact, from the Spring and Autumn Period, at that time, special emphasis was placed on aristocratic rule and pecking order. As the literature at that time said, the punishment could not go to the doctor, and the ceremony could not go down to Shu Ren. In a simple sentence, the upper and lower levels have been clearly divided.
Therefore, all rewards, all wars or promotions can only be enjoyed by nobles. Even in the era of great changes in the Warring States period, the hero who dominated the world was only the lowest-level scholar among the nobles, and it was extremely difficult for ordinary people to become officials.
However, this phenomenon was eventually overthrown by social forces, and even changed because of the emergence of the imperial examination.
Since Qin Shihuang was overthrown by Guangwu in Chen Sheng, more and more rulers have realized that the power of 1 building is really powerful and must be circulated from top to bottom. Therefore, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, we can see many low-level figures coming to power. In Wei Qing, even slave riders can become generals, and it is common for talents to flow upstream and downstream.
When the imperial examination system came into being, all people could learn and be officials as long as they passed the examination, so the imperial court phenomenon in Tian Shelang basically took shape. However, Sui Tang, which established the imperial examination system at that time, still did not really popularize this system, because the upper class aristocrats and aristocratic families were still powerful, and even people like Wu Zetian were hard to change.
However, this phenomenon was completely changed in the Song Dynasty. The old aristocratic forces were beaten to pieces, while the cold family forces actually began to establish new nobles. This phenomenon really surprises many readers. Why?
1. Where are the nobles?
To answer this question, we must first find out another question, that is, where are the nobles? You know, even in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial examination system appeared, but as long as the traditional aristocratic forces still exist, the emergence of the power of poor scholars will still not have a powerful role.
For example, it is recorded in the history books that even a figure like Wei Zhi, after being recognized by Emperor Taizong, tried his best to please those traditional aristocratic forces and even tried his best to get his son to marry the most popular daughters. Therefore, as long as the traditional aristocratic forces do not retreat, it is really difficult for those literati who want to appear.
But fortunately, here, the traditional aristocracy has long been stifled. If you are interested, you can look at Luo Guanzhong's Historical Romance of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, which clearly records the struggles and conflicts between the nobles and the people at the bottom of the Tang Dynasty. In that extreme chaos, the nobles have been killed.
For example, in the History of the Old Five Dynasties, it is recorded that the imperial power of the Tang Dynasty played an inhuman game with the power of the old aristocracy, and as a result, Li, a diaosi aristocrat, was completed, and later introduced to the bottom bullies. Therefore, the power of the nobility and the royal family was repeatedly strangled by people from all walks of life. After Li killed, it was Li's turn to kill.
The final result of the killing was that the traditional aristocrats were completely killed, while the diaosi forces at the bottom rose rapidly. These people became the main responsibility of society, and the original aristocratic order and power were basically weakened. So this gives the opportunity for scholars from poor backgrounds to appear.
Second, Song Taizu's consent.
When these traditional elders leave, it is the turn of these new disciples to rise, so how did they come to this platform?
In fact, the way is very simple, that is, Song Taizu made an agreement with all the scholars that anyone can be an official through the exam, and anyone who can be an official through the exam will always enjoy the world with the emperor of the Song Dynasty. In other words, the Song Dynasty was the only political structure that was not supported by nobles and commanded by the emperor, but was supported by poor scholars and then coordinated by the emperor.
So the posture set by the emperor, all kinds of official positions, political treatment and vacant positions are waiting, and then everyone just needs to work hard to be an official. In fact, in this process, the old aristocrats still have the ability to turn over. Everyone can start from scratch, study hard, and restore the strength of their old aristocrats.
But unfortunately, the old aristocrats are no longer faced with political fighters of the same class, but countless low-level talents who want to stand out in Qian Qian. So nobles can't beat these geniuses in the exam. The end result is that the scholars who have studied hard for ten years at the cold window dominate the mainstream, and the nobles are gradually excluded.
In the end, poverty became a common phenomenon in the Song Dynasty, and the political pattern of literati in the Song Dynasty basically took shape. So this is the rise of Tanmen power and the agreement of the Emperor of Song Dynasty, which finally led to an ending. The influence of the old aristocracy is basically impossible to turn over.
Third, the birth of your son is a grand view.
After these two reasons, it became a spectacular phenomenon that poor people gave birth to expensive children in Song Dynasty. First of all, there are all kinds of people at the bottom of the court. They have experienced the life at the bottom and know the sufferings of ordinary people. Therefore, instead of being Yun Zhonghe, we try our best to understand the hardships of people's lives. So everyone carried out many reforms, focusing on people's livelihood, which became the responsibility of intellectuals in the Song Dynasty.
Moreover, in the Song Dynasty, these intellectuals generally formed a brave responsibility of worrying about the world first and enjoying the world later, as well as a brave pursuit of life in the world.
In addition, this grass-roots change in the Song Dynasty made the politics, economy and culture of the Song Dynasty very different. The culture of Song Dynasty is no longer like the unfinished division of aristocratic rule, but a universal pursuit and social phenomenon. For example, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, the scripts of the Song Dynasty and various cultural performances in the Song Dynasty all reached the climax of cultural development.
Generally speaking, the common phenomenon of "being born in poverty" greatly developed the politics, economy and culture of the Song Dynasty, which was the inevitable result of the injection of excellent blood from the bottom.
However, there is also a problem, that is, since then, the atmosphere ruled by nobles and monarchs is gradually being changed. The power of the poor to restrain the emperor can no longer be restricted by family power, and can only be countered by personal power.
In the long run, this makes the game between monarchical power and ministerial power become a slave relationship, so it is also an embarrassing ending. It can be seen that everything has advantages and disadvantages, and existence is reasonable.
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But then again, this phenomenon in the Song Dynasty is indeed what all literati yearn for, and even the author envies this cultural atmosphere in the Song Dynasty. If you want to cross, it is more comfortable to go to the Song Dynasty. Here is the best cultural atmosphere, the most popular scene and the most nourishing life. It can be seen that the Song Dynasty was useless militarily, but it was excellent in other aspects.