There is an animation called YAWARA (Judo Girl), which tells the story of a very powerful Judo Girl. I haven't seen all of them, but there should be a judo plot.

In addition, the protagonist of teacher Narita's "Alexander" (the sequel to the sweet talk of youth) is learning judo and karate. Although it is not the main plot, there are some exercises and competitions, which is also a good cartoon in itself.