Since the 55th year of Qing Qianlong, four classes of Huizhou, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun [1], which used to perform in southern China, have successively entered Beijing to cooperate with the stars of Han Opera from Hubei, and at the same time accepted some tracks, melodies and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and digested and absorbed some regional folk melodies. According to constant communication and combination, Peking Opera finally came into being.
Beijing opera has a set of standardized plastic arts expressions in literature, performance, songs, stage art and other fields. The singing style of Peking Opera belongs to the flat transformation, with Huang Er and Xipi as the main voices. Beijing opera accompaniment music is divided into two categories: field and martial arts field. Traditional musical instruments take Hu Qin as the protagonist in the field of literature and drum board as the protagonist in the field of martial arts.
Beijing opera figures are divided into life, Dan, Jing, Ugliness, Miscellaneous, Martial Arts, Liu and other industries, and the last three lines are no longer independent. All walks of life have a set of performance procedures, and the skills of singing, reading and playing have their own characteristics. Peking Opera focuses on historical allusions. There are more than 300 traditional songs, often more than 300 or 400.
Peking Opera has spread all over the country, which is very harmful and is called "domestic drama". The Peking Opera performance management system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the meaning of China Oriental Drama performance management system, which is one of the three major performance management systems in the world. Peking Opera is the key expression of China culture and China traditional culture, in which various plastic arts elements are regarded as the representative symbols of China traditional culture.
Peking Opera was approved by the General Office of the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. The representative list of people's intangible cultural property listed in UNESCO's intangible cultural property list.
Mainly to play a man with different temperament, quality or appearance and outstanding characteristics. Divided into Wen Jing and Jason Wu, and then special Peking Opera facial makeup shows that there are generally white faces, cheeky faces, dirty faces and shelf faces.
1. White face: Because Bao Qingtian is a model of not being afraid of power, trying cases impartially and enforcing the law like a mountain, and in Peking Opera, Bao Qingtian draws a white face, so Bao Zheng means white face, which shows the role of integrity, fairness and honesty.
2, face: the key to playing the old man, draw the outline of red, blue, purple, pink, yellow and other colors. And draw a different color on your forehead. For example, Guan in Huarong Road depicts blushing.
3. White face: it is a sinister, cruel and treacherous generation, and all the villains of the old fox. A dirty white face is half a face, and several black lines are outlined at the eyebrows and inner corners of the eyes of the white face to highlight its old and dirty characteristics. White face hangs black or white mouth to show old age.
4. Draw a face on the shelf: The roles played are both strong, tough and reckless, as well as naive and funny. Such as Zhao Yun and Song Wu. It is also important to be cheerful, humorous and funny. Therefore, the strong national dance and complex quality are one of the characteristics of the mask painting performance. In addition, when the face painted on the shelf is angry, it will shout "Wow!" There is boldness of vision, which is also a unique expression of the face painting.
Expansive material
The performances of Beijing opera characters are very delicate. According to the traditional custom, there are two branches, namely "Sheng, Dan, Jing and Ugly" and "Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mei and Ugly". Since modern times, because the "Mei" line of many operas has gradually been attributed to "Sheng", it is generally considered as "Sheng, Dan, Jing and Ugliness".
1, healthy
In addition to Huahua and his clowns, male positive figures are generally called Lao (divided into two parts: An Gonglao, who is a duet, the loser, and the revision, which emphasizes martial arts by relying on the old), Wu Sheng (a martial artist who knows martial arts and can play monkeys), Xiao Tongxing (a folding fan, a pheasant, a poor student and a Wu Tongxing) and Hong Sheng.
2. Deniers
A general term for female positive figures, including Dan Dan (Zheng Dan), Xiao Hua Dan, Boudoir Dan, Beijing Opera Blues, Wu Dan and Cai Dan.
3. Net
The pseudonym Hua Face mostly plays the role of a man with certain specificity in temperament, quality or appearance. Peking Opera masks are used for makeup, with loud sound quality and rough design style. The "net" can be divided into three categories: big face with singing skills, front face with singing skills (called copper hammer and blackhead acne), shelf flower (heavy rack), five or two flowers, embossing and oil star (called hair net).
Step 4: finally
Generally, he plays a middle-aged man, who is not as effective as the old man in the same play. Most beards. Divided into the elderly, the elderly and foreigners.
5. Ugliness
Play a comedy role, because you put a small piece of frost on your nose, so it is also called a small face. It can be divided into Wen Chou (ugly beach towel, ugly robe, ugly old man, ugly clothes, and also a colorful Dan and a woman) and Wu Chou (also known as mouth jump).
This is my detailed introduction. I hope it helps you after reading it.