1, Shenghang is called "Sheng" for short. Life is divided into Xu Sheng (an old student), Hong Sheng, Xiao Sheng, Wu Sheng and Wa Sheng. It is one of the important industries of Peking Opera. Xu Sheng (old man): All playwrights above middle age have beards. Because of their different personalities and identities, they can be divided into old people who are engaged in security or singing (such as playing emperors, bureaucrats, literati, etc. ), relying on old men (such as fighting military commanders) and declining old men (such as fighting the poor, etc.). ) Hong Sheng: He has a red beard, such as playing Guan Yu and Zhao Kuangyin. Xiao Sheng: Ling Zisheng (including general pheasant and prince). ), Sha (official student), Fan Shengsheng (scholar), poor student (poor scholar) and so on. Wu Sheng: For the role of Wu Sheng in the play, those who wear thick-soled boots are called long-sleeved (chopping board) Wu Sheng, and those who wear thin-soled boots are called short-sleeved (skimming) Wu Sheng.
2. Danxing is called "Dan" for short. Tsing Yi, Hua Dan, wudan, Beijing Opera Blues, Lao Dan, Tie Dan, Gui Dan and other roles. All the stars are women. Tsing Yi: Mainly singing and playing the role of a good wife and mother. Hua Dan: Also known as Flower Shirt, it is characterized by gorgeous costumes and mainly plays the roles of queen, princess, lady, female general, vendor, village girl and so on. Wu Dan and Beijing Opera Blues: A Woman Good at Martial Arts. Lao Dan: Singing with this voice is mostly for middle-aged and elderly women.
3, the network cable is referred to as "net", also known as the painted face. Corner cleaning refers to the face-painting role with colorful paintings on the face, which looks unclean, so it means that the clean line is divided into the following roles: bronze hammer face painting and blackhead face painting; The faces painted on the bookshelves, such as the faces of generals, monks, outlaws, Wu Hualian, and slamming paintings, etc. The bronze hammer painted face is called Zheng Jing, the shelf painted face is called Vice Jing, the martial arts painted face is called Wu Jing, and the martial arts painted face is red and clean, which has different characteristics in performance style.
The last line is called the "end". This business is mainly for men over middle age. In fact, the end of the line is devoted to the function of attracting drama, such as the first appearance, which is called "the end" because it has the opposite meaning.
5. Ugliness, referred to as "ugliness". In the play, the ugly line hooks the face, but it outlines the "three-faced face", and the face spectrum is very different from the painted face. Ugliness can be divided into Wen Chou and Wu Ugliness. Wen Chou is divided into square towel ugliness (literati, Confucian scholars); Wu Chou is good at wrestling, hitting, turning and jumping. According to the zodiac, ugliness belongs to cattle, which is stupid, and ugliness is synonymous with stupidity. The ugliness of martial arts on the stage is also called jumping, but it can say and jump, playing a lively and clever role, which is completely different from the ugliness of cattle people.
Extended data:
Peking Opera, once called Pingju, is one of the five major dramas in China. Its accent is mainly Xipi and Huanger, supplemented by Huqin and gongs and drums, and the scene layout pays attention to freehand brushwork. The China opera "Sandingjia", regarded as the quintessence of China, topped the list.
Anhui Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera. Since the 55th year of Qing Qianlong (1790), Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai, and Chunchun, which were first performed in the south, have been performed. Four Huizhou classes went to Beijing one after another. They cooperated with artists in Hubei, accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through constant communication and integration, Peking Opera was finally formed. After the formation of Peking Opera, it began to develop rapidly in the Qing court until the Republic of China.
Peking Opera has spread all over the world and become an important medium to introduce and spread China's traditional art and culture. It is distributed all over China with Beijing as the center. 20 10,10, 16, Peking Opera was listed in the "Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity".
Beijing opera is usually painted in oil, which is difficult to remove.
The evolution and development of Facebook is not the product of someone's imagination, but the observation, experience and synthesis of life phenomena, as well as the continuous analysis, judgment and evaluation of the characters in the play, which gradually formed a complete set of artistic techniques.
According to historical records, facial makeup gradually evolved from the mask worn by the big face of music and dance in the Tang Dynasty (one of the traditional opera roles, which is another name for clean in Beijing opera and some local operas) and legionary teleplay's clean paintings.
Weng Ouhong, a China opera theorist, once wrote: "The facial makeup of China operas originated from ancient totems, from Nuo sacrifices in the Spring and Autumn Period, and developed into facial makeup in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, forming facial makeup in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the formation of traditional operas in China, masks and masks are still used alternately. The most obvious "local operas" in Guizhou, "Nuo operas" in Jiangxi and Anhui, and "Tibetan operas" in Tibet all wear masks. No matter how ugly they are, there are hundreds of operas and as few as dozens.
The gods and ghosts in Nankun usually wear masks and don't draw faces. Beijing Opera is a national opera with a lot of facial expressions, but officials, the god of wealth, Kuixing, the land and Leigong still wear masks. From the mixture of Facebook and Facebook, from simple to complex, we can see the development track of China traditional opera. "
Peking Opera facial makeup, like Peking Opera performing arts, is a living art that appears on the stage with actors. Although Peking Opera has only a history of more than 200 years in the history of China opera, compared with other operas, it has developed rapidly, spread widely, is deeply loved by the people and has a broad mass base. Therefore, Peking Opera masks have a special position in China opera masks.
Peking Opera facial makeup is a kind of freehand brushwork and exaggerated art, which often uses bats, swallows' wings and butterflies' wings as patterns to hook eyebrows, eyes and cheeks, and combines exaggerated nasal fossa and mouth fossa to depict facial expressions. Cheerful and optimistic facial makeup is always eye-catching for Shu Mei, while sad or violent facial makeup is mostly eye-catching. When sketching, the height of crow's feet is used to show age, the up-and-down opening and closing of decrees is used to show temperament, and the different patterns of Tang Yinwen are used to symbolize character.
Peking Opera facial makeup is a special makeup method with national characteristics. Because every historical figure or a certain kind of figure has a common score, just like singing and playing music should be based on the score, it is called "Facebook". As for the source of Facebook, it is generally said that it comes from a mask.
Peking Opera facial makeup adopts certain colors according to a certain personality, temperament or a special type of characters. Red facial makeup shows loyalty, such as Guan Yu, Jiang Wei and Chang Yuchun; Black faces show fortitude, integrity, courage and even recklessness, such as Bao Zheng, Zhang Fei and Li Kui jy. Yellow facial expressions indicate fierceness and cruelty, such as Yuwen Chengdou and Dian Wei; Blue or green Facebook shows some rude and violent characters, such as Doulton and Ma Wu. White faces generally represent traitors and bad guys, such as Cao Cao and Zhao Gao.
The color painting methods of Peking Opera facial makeup are basically divided into three categories: rubbing face, wiping face and hooking face. The initial function of Facebook is only to exaggerate the five senses and facial texture of the characters in the play, and to express the characters' personality, psychology and physiology in an exaggerated way to serve the whole drama festival. But later, from simple to complex, from coarse to fine, from surface to inside, from shallow to deep, Facebook gradually became a graphic art with national characteristics and human face as the means of expression.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Peking Opera