On February 23rd, 65438, she rode through Flaminia Gate (now People's Gate) and officially entered Rome. Benigni added Christina's coat of arms under the coat of arms of Pope Alexander on the door, and inscribed the words "Felici Faustoq Ingress Hui anno Domdclv". A few days later, Christina met Benigni and became friends for life. Christina often goes to Benigni's studio; Benigni asked Christina to pray for her before she died, because she used a language that God understood.
On Christmas Day, Christina knelt in front of the altar of St. Peter's Cathedral and received the sacrament personally presided over by the Pope. Christina was named "Christina Alexandra"-Alexandra, an Alexander the Great who not only beautified Pope Alexander VII, but also commemorated her admiration. As Christina was the most outstanding Catholic convert and the most famous woman at that time, she did not follow some of the most traditional Catholic teachings. She said that her beliefs are different from those of ordinary people; In fact, before forwarding this letter, she repeatedly asked the priest how strict he was in observing church etiquette, and the church told her not to worry about it. Although Christina respects the Pope's position in the church, she may not agree with the Pope's personal behavior. She once commented on a servant that the mountain where Pope Quirinal Palace is located should not be called "Monte Cavallo", but "Monte Degree assisi", because all the popes she met in Rome in the past 30 years had no common sense [9]. However, Christina's arrival in Rome was a great victory for Pope Alexander VII, and it was during the magnificent Baroque celebration. For months, she was the Pope's only guest of honor. In order to attract her attention, the nobles held many fireworks, acrobatics, operas, fighting performances and competitions with spears at once. Her villa in doria Pamphili was welcomed by 6,000 people, and she watched the performance of camels and elephants carrying towers in oriental costumes.
She settled in Farnese Palace of the Duke of Parma, opposite St. Bridget's Church, in memory of another Swedish woman who settled in Rome. Christina founded Acadia College in Farnese Palace on124, teaching music, drama, literature and language. Every Wednesday, it will be open to the upper class to enjoy the artistic creation of the student college. Participants in Acadia included Francesco Negri, who was the first Franciscan monk to visit Norwegian North Point on foot across Scandinavia, and Lars Skytte, Christina's confessor. Among them, Shute is also a student of Johannes Mattia. He was originally a Swedish diplomat in Portugal, but after learning that Christina had left, he asked to be transferred to Rome. She herself was attracted by the Spanish priest Miguel Mori, who was persecuted by the heretical inquisition for preaching mysticism influenced by DeDeland. Christina's good friend Benigni once made a sculpture "Saint Dylan" with the theme of "Big Dylan", which is now in the church of Santa Maria Victoria in Rome.
However, Sweden did not fulfill its promise to pay the living expenses, so Christina had to live by borrowing money and donating money from others. Her entourage burned doors to keep warm, and the Santinili brothers sold the palace artworks. It's all because Christina didn't pay their wages.
Christina, 29, is free to associate with men of her age, which has attracted some gossip and criticism. One of her contacts is Cardinal Decio Zollino. Zollino was the secretary of the Spanish ambassador, who was in charge of the contact between the Holy See and the European court. He is also the leader of the "Flying Squad" of the Catholic Free Thought Movement. Zollino and Christina are close friends, and even have been asked by the Pope to reduce the time of visiting her, but they are lifelong friends. Christina wrote to Zollino in French, saying that she didn't mean to offend God and didn't want him to offend God, but "this can't stop me from loving you until I die; If piety prevents you from becoming my lover, then I will also exempt you from becoming my servant, because I am your maid of life and death. " Zollino's reply is much more conservative. Christina wrote many letters to him when she traveled around the world, and there are 50 existing ones. The letter was written in code, but it was deciphered by the Swedish-Norwegian ambassador to Rome, Baron Carl Bildt, around 1900. Nothing is going well between them. Once, they met at the Medici Villa next to Qiu Ping, but Zollino didn't show up, which made Christina rush to the Saint Angel Castle and fired a shot. Bronze doors in front of the Medici Villa still has traces of cannons.
Because she spent all her money and was tired of gorgeous parties, Christina decided to travel abroad to France for two years. Louis XIV was polite to her, but her manly dress, manners and freedom of speech shocked French ladies. "big princess" (that is, Ann Maria Luise of Orleans) said after the ballet company received her, "She surprised me: she applauded her favorite part, lying in the chair, crossing her legs, putting it on the armrest of the chair, and so on. I have never seen these movements, except in the famous clowns Travelin and Jodelet ... she is an extraordinary person in every way. " At that time, Milan, Sicily and Naples were all under Spanish rule. Italian-born French politician Masalin tried to break Naples from Spanish rule, but the expedition of 1654 failed. The locals would rather have a French prince than an Italian duke on the throne. Therefore, Masalin intends to make Christina Queen of Naples. /kloc-in the summer of 0/656, Christina took a boat to Marseille and then went to Paris to discuss the matter. Externally, she said that she would negotiate with the king of Sweden about the living expenses.
On September 22nd, the arrangement between her and Louis XIV was ready. Louis XIV will elect Christina Queen of Naples to fight against Spanish aggression with her. The next day she went to pesaro to wait for the result; After becoming queen of Naples, she no longer needed to depend on the Swedish king economically, and she was able to mediate between France and Spain.
However, Masalin has other plans. In order to ensure peace, he facilitated the wedding of Louis XIV and his cousin Maria Teresa of Spain, which was held in 1660. But Christina knew nothing about it, and even sent someone to remind Masalin to abide by the agreement many times. /kloc-in the summer of 0/657, she returned to France and visited the papal city of avignon. In June+10, 5438, she lived in a suite in Fontainebleau, where she did something that she will never forget ── executed her knight commander, Marquis Gian rinaldo Monadsey. Christina wrote down what happened herself and circulated it in Europe.
For two months, she suspected that Monarch had sentenced her, and it was not until she caught the person who contacted him that she was sure that he had betrayed her interests and framed a fictional court member. That night, she called Monadsey to a corridor in the palace to discuss the matter with him. The monarch insisted that the informant should die as an apology. Christina has evidence of Mona's snitching and says that he has sentenced himself to death. Lebel, a priest serving in the castle, is going to listen to his last confession in the gallery. The monarchy begged for forgiveness, but was stabbed by the brothers in Santigny. He put on armor as an exhibit outside the corridor and hid around the room next to Christina for several hours, but was finally stabbed to death by Francisco Santinili. At that time, Father Lebel knelt down and asked them to let the man go, but they only asked him to bury the man in the church. Calm Christina paid a sum of money to hold a mass for his soul in the monastery. Father Lebel described the incident as follows: "She was sorry that she was forced to take this action, but she said that his crime and betrayal had been fairly tried. She asked God to forgive this man. "
Masalin suggested that Christina put all the blame on Santigny and fire him, but she insisted on taking full responsibility for it. She wrote to Louis XIV to explain the matter. Two weeks later, Louis XIV came to Fontainebleau Palace to visit her in a friendly way, without saying a word about it. However, the Romans felt completely different. They thought Santinili was an executioner who committed crimes for foreign barbarians and killed an Italian nobleman. Letters that can prove his guilt are gone: Cristina left them in Lebel on the day when the Mona Lisa was executed, and he also confirmed their existence. She never made the contents of this letter public.
Gottfried leibniz, who defended Christina, pointed out that she had the right to try those who held positions in her own court, so it was legal to execute the monarch. At that time, people thought that Christina, as a queen, had to distinguish right from wrong and had a strong sense of responsibility. She had been a queen all her life. Her good friend Angela Maddalena Voglia was sent to a monastery by the Pope to prevent her from having an affair with a cardinal in the college. She managed to escape from the monastery. But when she was hiding in Christina's house, she was attacked and raped by a convent. Christina was very angry with the person she sheltered and demanded that the monk be executed, but he had escaped. She wanted to travel to England, but oliver cromwell didn't encourage her to go. She returned to Rome and remained fascinated by art and technology. 1May, 656 15, Christina came to Rome again, but this time she was not warmly welcomed, because her reputation had been seriously damaged by the murder of Monadesi. Alexander VII, who lives in the Summer Palace, made it clear that he would never see this woman whom he called a savage again. She lives in Rospigliosi Palace in Masalin near Kirinal Palace; So, 1659, the Pope breathed a sigh of relief after she moved to Corsini Palace (now called Riario Palace) in Foer, Treaster. The Kausini Palace, designed by the famous architect bramante, has been the residence of the Forza family since the end of 16. It was Cardinal Zollino who arranged her new residence, and he signed a new entourage to replace Francisco Santigny, who killed Monadesi and stole Christina's property many times.
Since then, she has lived in Riario Palace all her life. She hung many famous paintings on the wall, most of which were from the Renaissance. Rome's art collection made her look down upon it. There are also portraits of her close friends in the room, including Zollino, Benigni, Aba Spa, Descartes, Ambassador Shaniu and Dr. Budlow. She and the Pope finally reconciled under the mediation of Zollino, and the Pope also gave her living expenses. 1660 In April, Christina learned that Carl X died in February, when his only son Karl XI was only five years old. In the summer of the same year, she returned to Sweden and pointed out that she passed the throne to her cousin and his descendants. Therefore, Jokad Xi is dead, and she will regain the throne. But because she is a Catholic, she can no longer assume the throne, and the clergy also forbid her to hold Catholic mass in her residence. After staying in Stockholm for a few weeks, she found an apartment in her own territory, Norsch? ping. She finally gave up the throne for the second time and spent a year in Hamburg to raise money to return to Rome. She gave her income to Diego Texeira (real name Abraham), a Jewish banker, in exchange for his monthly allowance and repayment of her debts in Antwerp. Although communication with Jews was not common at that time, she not only visited teixeira's home, but also entertained them in her apartment.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/662, Christina came to Rome for the third time and lived happily for several years. 1667, because of disagreement with the Pope, she set off for Sweden again. But her residence has been occupied, so she stayed in Hamburg and stopped going north. At that time, she learned that Alexander VII had passed away and his successor Clement IX was a frequent visitor to her palace. To celebrate her election, Christina held a grand banquet in her apartment in Hamburg, and the outdoor fountain with fine wine was covered with lights. However, she forgot that she was in Protestant land; She was threatened by local residents with stones and torches, and had to escape through a hidden door. The party broke up in discord. Teixeira's family finally had to pay for the maintenance of the apartment. 1668165438+1October 22nd, Christina entered Rome for the fourth and last time. Like 13 years ago, she rode into town from the people's gate during the welcome. The new Pope Clement IX often visits her because they all like drama. Christina founded the first public theater "Tor di Nona" in Rome on the former site of a prison, and now this theater belongs to a monastery. When the Pope died of a stroke at the end of 1669, only a few people were summoned, and Christina was one of them. On February 9, 65438, Clement IX died of illness, and the newly elected Clement X was worried that the theater would corrupt customs. When Pope Innocent Xi was in power, the situation was even worse: although he and other cardinals were frequent visitors to Christina's royal box, he ordered the "Tor de Nona" to be converted into a barn, and women were also forbidden to perform, sing and wear low-cut clothes. Christina thinks these behaviors are completely ridiculous and continues to let women perform in her palace.
There used to be a laboratory on the ground floor of her residence, where she and Zollino did alchemy experiments. She wrote some works, including an autobiography and some articles about Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar whom she admired, and kept in touch with the people she knew when she traveled in Europe. She sponsored some musicians, such as Alessandro Scarlatti and Alcangro Caullery, and Caullery dedicated her first work, chiesa Sonata 1, to Christina. 1689 In February, 62-year-old Christina was seriously ill and received the last sacrament. Pope Alexander VIII was also ill, so he couldn't visit her in person, but he sent someone to pay his respects. Her condition seems to have improved slightly, but in mid-April, she contracted pneumonia and had a high fever. On her deathbed, she summoned the Pope and asked for forgiveness for her past disrespect. The Pope agreed. On his deathbed, Cardinal Zollino accompanied him all the time. Christina died on April 1689.
Although she asked for a simple funeral, the Pope insisted that she stay in Riario Palace for four days. Her body was covered with white brocade, silver veil, gold-plated crown and scepter, which were placed in three coffins made of cypress, lead and oak. The funeral procession started from St. Mary's Church in Walsala and went to St. Peter's Cathedral. She was buried in the papal stone room, and only three women have this honor at present. Her internal organs hung high in the urn.
1702, Clement Xi ordered a monument to Queen Christina in recognition of her conversion, which made the Pope foresee that Sweden would eventually return to Catholicism and thanked her for her great contribution to Roman culture. Until now, Italians still call her "il seicento di Cristuna" when she lived in Rome. Located in the inner hall of the cathedral, the monument was built by the artist Carlo fontana. Christina's head was carved on a gold-plated bronze medal and supported by a crowned skull. The following three reliefs symbolize: giving up the Swedish throne, giving up Protestantism in Innsbruck, despising the powerful and conquering heresy.
In order to pay off the debt, Christina appointed Zollino as the sole heir, but he was seriously ill and weak, and could not even attend her funeral. He died more than a month later. After Zollino's nephew Pompeio inherited all his property, he immediately sold all the art collections left by Christina. Her huge and important collection of books-the trophy of her father Gustav II Adolf in Europe for many years-was bought by Pope Alexander VIII and placed in the Vatican Library. Most of her first 300 paintings, including Titian's Venus Rising in the Sea, were collected in Orleans, France, and later kept in the National Gallery of Scotland. Paul Willoni's Venus Morning adonis was sold by Zollino's nephew and returned to the Swedish National Museum. At first, these paintings seemed to be a great loss to Sweden, but it just saved them from the Sanguan Palace fire in 1697. Christina refused to get married even though the priest often urged her to perform her duties as an heir to the birth. She believes that marriage "can never coexist with love". At that time, some people even thought she was a lesbian. One of the reasons is that she likes to wear men's clothes or show men's and women's styles at the same time-but Christina says wearing men's shoes is for convenience. Some people claimed that she was bisexual, and 1965 had a physical examination, but it was confirmed that she was a normal woman, and the autopsy report did not mention the abnormality of reproductive system.
At that time, people thought Christina behaved, walked and talked like a man. She prefers to be with men, unless a beautiful woman will get to know each other and make great efforts. But she prefers to associate with knowledgeable women, regardless of their appearance. When Christina was young, she was very fond of her female official, Countess Aba Spa. The queen called her "the beautiful countess" in French. Christina spends most of her spare time with her and often praises her for her beauty. When she introduced her to British Ambassador Whitelock, she said that she was her "bed partner" and promised that her intelligence and beauty were amazing. After she left Sweden, she continued to write to Spall, saying that she would love her forever. However, this kind of emotional letter was very popular at that time, and Christina also used this style when writing letters to women who had never met but praised her writing. Later, when she was in Rome, she was very close to Cardinal Zollino. This controversial relationship reflects her dissatisfaction with the interpersonal norms that typical women had to follow at that time.
Christina's complex and controversial personality makes her an idol of many contemporary lesbian and feminist groups. Her legendary life has also become the source of inspiration for many literary works, the most famous of which is the movie Queen Christina1933 starring the famous Swedish actress greta garbo.