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Hanfu is a traditional costume in China culture, so how old is Hanfu? How long has the development history of Hanfu been? What are the characteristics of Hanfu? With the above questions, follow the interesting history to see the following:
Han costume
Mainly refers to the Han costumes formed in the process of natural and cultural development and ethnic blending before the end of Ming Dynasty.
As an independent clothing system, Hanfu has formed a unique cultural background and national style in the historical development, that is, it has formed distinctive style characteristics, which is obviously different from the traditional clothing of other ethnic groups in China and any other ethnic groups in the world, and is qualitatively different from modern clothing in standard styles.
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Han costumes are extensive and profound. Because of its long history, wide application and continuous innovation and integration, it is difficult for people who have little research on China clothing to grasp it. Hanfu, as a huge clothing system, can't be defined only by its appearance and simple layout, but by its dominant style.
Therefore, the definition standard of Hanfu can be expressed in the following words: "Tracing back to the Yellow Emperor, down to the Song and Ming Dynasties, based on the costumes worn by the Han people (Huaxia in the pre-Qin period), and on this basis, it naturally developed into a series of costumes with obvious unique styles.
The Origin History of Hanfu
According to some ancient books, the Han people (and their ancestors) have a unique clothing system. For example, according to historical records, "Hanfu was made by the Yellow Emperor" and "Before the Yellow Emperor, there was no clothing and no house. The Yellow Emperor built houses, made clothes and held funerals, so the people were spared the difficulties of survival. " Before there was no archaeological data to support it, Hanfu first appeared in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. About 5,000 years ago, during Yangshao Culture in Neolithic Age, primitive agriculture and textile industry appeared in China, and clothes were made of woven linen. Huang Di's wife, Ai Zu, invented sericulture and spinning, and people's clothes and costumes became more and more complete.
After the Shang Dynasty, the system of crown service was initially established, and in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the service system was gradually improved, forming a chapter service system with the "emperor's crown service" as the core. "Encouragement along the Zhou Dynasty" is the essence of Confucian thought of governing the country. Zhou Li refers to the system of rites and music in Xia and Shang Dynasties.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the styles of costumes were unprecedentedly rich, mainly deep clothes and Hu clothes. By the end of the Zhou Dynasty, due to the drastic changes in politics, economy, ideology and culture, especially the influence of a hundred schools of thought on the perfection of clothing, there began to be obvious differences in clothing and customs among the vassal States, resulting in deep clothing. The crown service system has been brought into the category of "rule by courtesy" and has become a manifestation of etiquette. Since then, China's clothing system has become more detailed.
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"The clothes in ancient times were deep clothes, and the clothes representing the characteristics of the times were also deep clothes. The depth of clothes can be the characteristic of ancient clothes. Those who are convinced by the old saying must arrive first. What is a coat? Confucius said in the Book of Rites: "Therefore, those who call it deep clothes should take the rest clothes, and the upper and lower parts are not connected. This kind of deep coat is connected with clothes, and the quilt is deep, so it is called deep coat. "In short, the system of deep clothes is the first of ancient costumes, and the collar of deep clothes has been popular for the longest time not only in its institutional form, but also at the upper and lower levels. At the same time, there are Hu clothes, which are generally composed of shorts, pants and boots. The clothes are tight and narrow, which is convenient for nomadic and hunting. In order to strengthen his army, King Wuling of Zhao adopted Khufu as a military uniform for the first time in the Central Plains. As a result, wearing Hu clothes became a common practice for a time. In addition, musicians wear hoods, dancers have sleeves several feet long, and hunters' clothes and trousers are mostly tightly tied. Some people often wear horns or magpies' tail crowns, long small sleeve dresses and so on.
The National Cultural Attribute of Hanfu
Hanfu is the national costume of the Han nationality, which was destroyed by the Manchu dynasty. At present, Hanfu is still in a difficult recovery period and is far from being well known by Chinese people. As the guide of Hanfu, the website can't dilute the history of Hanfu's demise, which is the need to respect the objective history, reveal the current situation of Hanfu and warn the nation's future.
Hanfu is indeed a part of Han national culture, but compared with other Han national cultures such as Chyi Chin, calligraphy and painting, Hanfu once disappeared for more than 300 years. In the national cultural circle, Hanfu still lacks its due status and glory. Under such circumstances, it is obviously too early to promote Hanfu as a part of national culture. If we don't want to focus on the cultural significance of Hanfu, we should use the name "Hanfu Interest" instead of the so-called "Hanfu Movement" or "Hanfu Renaissance" to attract attention.
History of Hanfu
Shang Dynasty was the first written dynasty in China. According to many archaeological discoveries, the basic style of Hanfu in this period has been fully formed. Clothing in this period mainly consists of two parts: top and hem. The cuffs are narrow, there are no buttons, a wide band is tied around the waist, and a "knee pad" similar to a skirt is added in front of the abdomen to cover the knees.
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The costumes of the Zhou Dynasty generally followed the costume system of the Shang Dynasty, with slight changes. The style of clothes is slightly looser than that of Shang Dynasty. There are two styles of sleeves, large and small, and the collar is generally crossed with a right slit. Buttons are not needed, usually tied on the waist, and some have jade ornaments hanging on their waists. The length of the skirt or trousers is as short as the knee and as long as the ground.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, an important Hanfu-Deep Clothes was born.
Deep coat is a kind of straight gown, which wraps the body and petticoat together, cuts them separately but sews them up and down, hence the name "Bei Shen". Shenfu continues the characteristics of Hanfu with one collar and one right collar, which has great influence on society. Both men and women can wear it, regardless of grade. Skirts are divided into two styles: arc and straight. The difference in appearance lies in whether there is a circumferential pattern in the lower body. During this period, textile printing and dyeing technology has been very developed, and many complex and gorgeous patterns have appeared on Hanfu.
Hanfu in Qin Dynasty mainly inherited the influence of the previous dynasty, and still took robes as typical clothing styles, which were divided into curved and straight styles, and sleeves also had two styles. There was little difference between men and women in daily life in Qin dynasty, and they all had big breasts and narrow sleeves. The difference is that men have a belt around their waist and a hook at the end. And women only use ribbons to tie their waists. Due to the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Dynasty, there are abundant historical materials for the study of dress customs in the Qin Dynasty.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, romantic celebrities advocated nature, detached themselves from things, and sincerely admired themselves. Wei and Jin demeanor is also reflected in Hanfu. Men in this period generally wear big sleeves-shirts with big sleeves. From princes and nobles to Li and Shu people, wide shirts and big sleeves are given priority. Until the Southern Dynasties, this kind of shirt was still loved by men from all walks of life. There are obvious differences in style between shirts and dresses. According to the custom of the Han dynasty, anyone who calls it a robe must have a cuff and a mouthpiece. Don't take off your shirt, the cuffs are spacious. Clothing became more and more popular in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and shirts became a temporary custom because they were not bound by clothes and other departments.