The love of the grassroots in the cottage is a veritable cottage art, which is far away from the rivers and lakes in history and rarely seen in the Tile Goulan. Artists travel everywhere, officials are not allowed to enter the city, and scholars despise them. But popular in Wanling, Qianshan and Xiangpiao Village, it has become the most representative flower of folk art in Northeast China.
Judging from the composition of stage art-traditional theater, the stage is set wherever the duet artist goes, and the site conditions are never paid attention to. Historically, duet artists sang mainly in rural areas, such as chariot shops and temple fairs, some in mountains, forest farms, ginseng sheds and opium markets, and some in towns in the late Republic of China, such as greenhouses and tea houses.
Parking lot singing, also known as descendants kiln singing, is sung in the farmhouse yard. Sing indoors in winter and outdoors in summer. Open-air performance, some places have set up small tables, most places can not afford to set up, sing on the spot. Hit the ground first and put a colored table on the field. Costume props are on the table. In front of the desk is the performance area, and behind the desk is the backstage. Put a bench behind the table, put on makeup in Baotou, and sit here and play the board. There is a bench on the west side of the table, where stringed players and trumpeters sit. There is a bench to the east of the table where the ugly singer sits. There are some chairs and stools on three sides around the performance area. The so-called master first-class figures sit, and the general audience stands around the back. Singing in the room, if there is a big kang in the north and south, the artist is in the middle of the room, with colorful tables in the east, and the masses are sitting on the big kang in the north and south to watch. This program is for Nankang, and the next program is for Beikang.
Singing car shop, also known as singing wheel kiln. From the fifteenth day of August to the middle of the twelfth lunar month, it is the season for farmers to pull grain, and the roads are full of horses and chariots. This is also the golden season for two-person artists to sing in the cart shop. In addition, during the busy farming season, the fields are deserted, and artists often sing in the coach shop. The store owner especially welcomes the two-person artist to sing in the store, and the room and board are free. Because there are two people in that shop, there are many customers and business is booming. In the coach store, when the guests are eating, the artist and the clerk serve bowls and dishes together. After eating, they put on their buns, took off their tables and made a scene. When two people are ready, they will start singing.
Singing temple fairs. During the light years of Qing Dynasty, two people sang temple fairs. During the Republic of China, singing temple fairs became more common and varied. In the 1940s, singing opera was popular. In the disaster year, more people invited to sing temple fairs. There are Mother Temple Fair, Wang Yue Temple Fair, Tianhou Temple Fair and God of Wealth Temple Fair. Most temple fairs set up temporary high seats in tents and wild stage. There are rules for setting up a stage, usually in front of the temple, with the entrance of the stage facing the temple gate. During the performance, a road flashed between the entrance of the platform and the temple gate to avoid blocking the immortal from watching the play. If there is no place in front of the temple and the stage is located elsewhere, you have to set up a mat shed in front of the stage, and ask the immortal tablet to be in the middle of the mat shed. Singing in the wild, the audience is large, singing is empty, the words are unclear, and singing more plays.
During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the duo turned artists to perform in Changbai Mountain east of Songhua River, which was called "Singing Jiangdong" and "Singing Dongshangou". Bet on singing in September in the mountains, with two sheds side by side, one betting and one duet. When the game was over, I stopped singing. He also sang Cudgel Camp, which is for people who dig ginseng in the mountains. The artist takes the mountain as the stage, the sky as the background and the river as the dressing table. Although it is hard, it is quiet. Also known as "Great Smoky City", the roadside dumped the ground, the stage was uncovered, and the audience was complicated, so it was difficult to sing. Sing for an hour at a time, stop at the spot and put the bowl on the ground, and the audience will enjoy the smoke. An old cave dog who sings, an old cave dog refers to a person who lives in a house built of bark. They are anonymous and isolated. The artist used the big tree as a stage, moved to the stump as a chair, and hung a tree as a curtain on his head. Two-for-two artists are often taken to Geisha camp, called Geisha stab kiln. Being caught by bandits to sing a cottage is called singing a hero kiln. Don't have fun singing in the mountains. There was no light at night, and Akiko Matsuzaka was very bright, but the smell of smoke was too strong, and her face turned black after singing.
The vast majority of duet artists are sorghum red singers who are semi-agricultural and semi-artistic. They farm in busy farming season, work shifts in slack farming season, sing songs near their hometown and wander around Shiliba village. With the prosperity of Errenzhuan art, a large number of highly skilled professional artists have emerged. They sing all the year round and are called evergreen singers. They are not confined to their hometown, but go everywhere.
The appreciators of Errenzhuan art are naturally the grass people on the black land: farmers, village women, the elderly and children in the countryside, and the five elements of eight diagrams on the rivers and lakes. They turned to stage art and were directly influenced by Kanto people's aesthetic habits. The land in the northeast has created the Kanto people's personality characteristics of being bold, heroic, vigorous, unpretentious and enjoying themselves, as well as their aesthetic habits of being fond of big wine and big meat, great sorrow and joy, bright red and green, and singing and dancing.
The art of Errenzhuan is to cultivate one's own stage art genes, namely, red and green in color, earth and fragrance in taste, ugliness and beauty in appearance, and big dance and waves in performance, in the love of this cottage grassroots. This is the artistic beauty, the beauty of Shan Ye, the beauty of farmers, the beauty of grassroots, and the beauty of simplicity closest to nature. There is a saying in the northeast: "I would rather give up a meal than two people." This is the love of cottage grass roots for spring breeze and spring rain, the love of Kanto black land for wild flowers and weeds, and the love of working people for excellent folk cultural traditions.
Love Wild Flowers and Weeds On the great plains of northeast China, there is a perennial wild herb called Plantago asiatica, commonly known as Plantago asiatica. It is deeply rooted and not afraid of poverty. It can grow in the roadside and driveway ditch of Tiantou, regardless of car pressure, horse stepping, animal gnawing and self-improvement. Pale yellow flowers. When it comes to summer and autumn, the mountains and plains are full of bees and butterflies, which makes the earth colorful. Although it does not have the wealth of peony, the elegance of magnolia and the strange fragrance of jasmine, it is the darling of the black land in Northeast China, the strong snow, the spring scenery beyond the Great Wall and the favorite of the people of Kanto.
Northeast duet is better than this unbreakable wheel and disc. This kind of Grass Root Art is closest to soil, water, people and nature, and it is also the most vital. Errenzhuan has experienced nearly 300 years of history, including the changes of the times, regime change, warlord scuffle, Japanese invaders' hands and feet, bullets, natural disasters and catastrophe. However, it stubbornly broke through. Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.
The stage art modeling of Errenzhuan has the beauty of simplicity like wild flowers and weeds.
At the beginning of the formation of duet, it was mainly a performance form of two people in a box, wrestling and singing. The actors are all men, and one of them is dressed as a woman, called a coat or an actress. Wrap a green cloth or tie a green belt on your head, so it is also called Baotou. Another kind of person who pretends to be a man is called bottom-up. The biggest feature of bottoms is ugly singing, so it is also called ugly singing. At first, makeup was extremely simple. Cover the sky with a green cloth, wear a flower or two and pat powder on your face. The so-called powder patting uses white lead powder. The so-called wiping red is mostly to tear off the red couplets on the door and carry them with you. Before leaving, wet them with water and then wipe them on your face. Wear a double-breasted coat on the top and big green pants on the bottom. If you don't have these, you can borrow a flowered skirt from a woman temporarily, or borrow a flowered sheet to tie it. Clothes and trousers are very casual, wearing pockets and ugly hats. Some of them have crooked faces, and some have crooked faces. The hook surface is black and the bottom of the pot is mostly gray. In the early days, the handrails of Errenzhuan had bamboo boards and hand Yu Zi, ugly sticks during the day and lights at night. Ugly sticks, also known as colored sticks, are mostly basswood with no eyes on them and a piece of red cloth nailed to one end. Ugly beard can throw colorful sticks and dig out many tricks in the air.
Singing the evening performance, the ugly right hand holds the lamp and shines on the face of the gown. The flame must not be higher than the forehead or lower than the nose. Black face, can't see your eyes clearly; If it is low, it will be blown out by the upper air inlet. If you are far away, your face will not shine; if you are near the flame, your face will burn. The artist said, "Eat jiaozi, eat stuffing and go to the theatre." Singing duets and watching the top at night all depend on the ability of ugly lights to chase the light. Ugly also led the way with a lamp and performed the stunt of snuff. Double-dish mud lamp, with lamp holder below and lamp gourd above. It is very good for a dwarf to walk in the top light. When doing somersaults, hold the lamp conveniently, keep your feet away from the lamp at the same time, and your hands are fast and fast. If you don't pay attention, you can't see it, the lamp won't fall off and the oil won't spill.
Dancing handkerchief. Two people turn handkerchiefs, the earliest square. At first, artists held handkerchiefs and didn't throw them away. In 1950s, the handkerchiefs of Errenzhuan were mostly square and made of silk, which was too light to play with and had to be sprayed with water to turn. 1963 Two people in Liaoning turned to Mary, a dance expert, and used the handkerchief as an octagonal, double-layered and knotted silk fabric with sequins in the middle, which was both heavy and beautiful, expanding the performance functions such as standing on the top and turning back. Later, it was changed to artificial cotton fabric.
Play with a fan. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were no electric lights in the countryside, and artists used oil lamps and candlesticks for lighting. The fan and the lamp are a pair of contradictions. When the fan dances, the lights go out as soon as the wind blows. So I turned to fans later and developed slowly. In the past, it was mainly matinee fans, and the lighting was not very good. In the late Republic of China, Guanjin fan in northern Liaoning used a gold lacquer fan, which was famous for its graceful rotation, rotation, rotation and throwing.
Yu Zi the thug. Hand Yu Zi is a clapping prop used in jackets. Made of bamboo boards, each about three inches, five to four inches long and more than one inch wide. * * * Four, two in each hand. Those who have unique skills can do five or six. Hand Yu Zi, how high a room can you throw.
The acrobatic props in the Republic of China were exquisite and colorful. In addition to the above-mentioned hand-held props, Montenegrin artist Zhao Fu performed the unique skill of playing with bowl forks and pipe sticks. Hold three bowls in your hand, the voice is magnetic, and it is very pleasant to sing a small hat. The upper and lower parts don't even need bands to play and sing. It's also fun to play with the three-pipe pole.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Errenzhuan gradually moved towards the grand theater, big stage and stage art, which developed in an all-round way and changed greatly. On the big stage, Errenzhuan is the same as modern song and dance, with curtains hanging in front, awnings behind, side curtains, gauze curtains in the middle, hard patterns below and flower baskets hanging on them. Lighting and sound reinforcement are readily available. But these are not the mainstream direction of duet, but a style of duet dabbling in elegance. The professional troupes and the vast number of semi-agricultural and semi-artistic troupes performing in rural areas are still beautiful, simple, concise and brisk, maintaining the characteristics of simple and flexible duet, which is not only created by objective conditions, but also the fundamental way that should be advocated.
Generally speaking, the stage art of Errenzhuan has unpretentious beauty. This is an excellent tradition of China folk literature and art, which should be protected and carried forward. We can't treat simplicity as low-level, and we can't be greedy for foreign things and lose tradition, which can only bring our own destruction.
Although plantain seed flower is small and simple, it is irreplaceable. He is the spring of the mountains, the feelings of the earth, the beauty of nature, and the earth is beautiful.
The beauty of red flowers and green leaves turns ugly at once. A nest is also called a coat, and ugliness is also called a coat. The artist said, "Dan is a flower, it depends on ugliness." "If you put a vegetable, you can sell it all at the bottom." "Every corner is a line, and the clown is a big piece." Dan and ugliness are the relationship between safflower and green leaves. Good flowers have to be supported by green leaves. Flowers without leaves are too bald, unattractive and lifeless. In the characterization of stage art, artists strive to be beautiful, ugly and funny. Beauty and ugliness are in sharp contrast. This is also the pursuit of beauty by Errenzhuan artists. In the 1940s, they changed their names to The Lamp of Ugly Xu Shengduan, and accordingly changed their names to Cai Dan Xing Lin and Cai Xinglin Looking Back at the Bright Moon. Under the lamp, it is like a beautiful picture, very touching. Ugliness is not really ugly, but simple and honest. Villagers in the countryside are called silly brothers, ugly and naive, so silly and cute! The two changed the law and said, "Three points are Baotou and seven points are ugly." "There is joy in ugliness, but there is no joy in ugliness." We can't oppose the art of two people becoming clowns.
Due to the limited conditions of traditional duet, the artist's makeup is very simple. In 1930s and 1940s, influenced by Pingxi and Bangzi, the makeup and costumes of Errenzhuan were enriched and improved. Some professional art classes crisscross the north and south, running around in greenhouses and singing tea clubs in towns, mostly imitating the makeup and costumes of traditional operas, but also simple.
Make up. Just pat the lead powder and apply three reds: red mouth, red forehead and red eyelids. Pay attention to the eyebrow pencil. The stilts in southern Liaoning are good at singing and dancing, and they have the custom of painting faces, with flowers painted on their heads and faces.
Base makeup. Most people don't draw anything. Some drew three faces and put a piece of white powder on the bridge of the nose. Southern Liaoning stilts can sing duet and have the custom of painting faces. They will draw small animals on their noses, such as butterflies, dragonflies, bats and turtles. There are also people who draw fruits, such as pomegranate and peach. Others draw a lot of money. Artists in the same class don't care what they paint according to their personal hobbies. Play a draw show, the official does not draw, the official draws.
Wear headdress. In the early years of the Republic of China (1920s), two people in different places in Liaoning changed their coats into green ones, but in the 1930s and 1940s, the exquisite coats were replaced by big plays with faces and water. There is a Baotou net, a bun, four big hairpin and three big velvet flowers on the head. There are also two flowers, also called pine cone flowers, four butterflies, some earrings, and glass bubbles hanging on their ears. Shuian, soak elm bark in warm water, ranging from 357 yuan.
Put underwear on the headdress. There are two kinds, one is wearing an ugly hat, that is, straightening a white felt hat and tying a big red flower on the top. The other is to tie a braid on the headnet and tie a small flower at the tip of the braid. Some braids are secretly tied and can be touched by hand.
Get dressed. Wear a double-breasted floral top and a three-or four-tile floral skirt. Also called? Son. There are no colored pants. At the foot are homemade cloth shoes. By the 1930s, I was wearing a green satin skirt coat and sequins, and I was dazzling all over Taiwan Province.
Download clothes. Wear a white-edged blue cloth jacket and a wallet. Wear red pants. Shoe sprinkling or casual shoes are under your feet.
Dress make-up, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the general situation is: traditional drama, modern drama, modern drama, drama characters. Traditional dress, there are two kinds of dress. Dress up like Beijing and West Hua Dan, wear a face, stick sideburns and tie colorful skirts. While performing martial arts, I dressed up as a Beijing opera blues. The costumes of Yue Opera are the same as those of Yue Opera. The ancient ladies wore their heads and veils. In the 1950s, pretending to be ugly was once mistaken for demonizing the working people, not three sides, and was disguised as handsome. First, the flower drum actors dress up, wear headscarves and colored pants with lace. Later, influenced by Huangmei Opera, he tied his head into a ball with colored cloth and wore blue or colored clothes, just like Yong Dong in The Fairy Couple. It was not until the 1980s that the traditional clothes of wearing a felt hat, blue clothes, white pockets, red trousers and a crooked face were restored. According to the plot, some people dress up as various characters and play "Pig and Eight Rings Arch the Ground". The hero wears a particularly ugly hat, whose wings are the storyteller and a pair of pig ears. When performing modern works, most actresses dress up as country girls in 1950s and 1960s, with double braids or short hair and fancy clothes and trousers. The actor is wearing a white towel, a white jacket, a red vest and black trousers. Like the Yangko Opera "Brother and Sister Land Reclamation" after 1980s, in the new program reflecting city life, the actresses are all curly hair, dresses, tulle blouses and pleated skirts. Actors wear white shirts, uniform pants or suits. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the costumes of the professional troupe of Errenzhuan were very particular. The costumes of folk art troupes at or above the county level are not less than those of song and dance troupes, and the two people scattered in villages and towns are almost the same, but they are all equipped with costumes. Compared with the old society, many semi-agricultural and semi-artistic troupes have made great progress, from simple and vulgar to more exquisite and delicate. At the same time, we should also see that the beauty of amateur troupe is far from enough compared with the times, and it still looks rough and rustic. Its aesthetic features need to be improved.
There is a potential problem in costume makeup after the founding of the People's Republic of China: it is too close to the role. Of course, there are gains, but the loss is inconvenient to get in and out, which hinders a person's multi-angle transformation and needs to be solved in practice.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the guidance of the party's literary and artistic policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom, the duo became colorful, and their stage art developed into various styles suitable for different levels of audiences.
1. Duet of Earth and Earth. Or the traditional way of performance, traditional stage art, character modeling, hand-held props, and performance venues are all traditional and farmers'. Deeply loved by farmers. Especially the older generation, they have traditional appreciation habits and are used to the inherent ugly, funny and ridiculous performances. This style is often performed by rolling pin artists in the vast rural areas. Urban professional two-person troupe also has performances, but they all have different degrees of reform and innovation.
2. Modern fresh duet. Mainly reflects the real life. Language, ideas, themes, costumes, performances and music are all in step with the times. Bold reform and innovation give people a fresh pleasure. Pay attention to drama performance and dance performance, and develop stage art in an all-round way. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the creation and participation in performances of Errenzhuan are mainly based on this style. This style is also the main style of professional troupes performing on the big stage.
3. Elegant and exquisite duet. The lyrics are elegant as poetry, the music is lyrical, and the dance is beautiful, just like light music, light singing and dancing. Gorgeous clothes and colorful scenery. For example, Dandong's Love Song on the River, Tieling's Song of Understanding and Fuxin's Man in the Painting. There are not many such works, which are often seen in large-scale performances and are not easy to popularize, but they are mostly appreciated by intellectuals and cadres.
4. Fashionable and open two-person suit. In the mid-1980s, with the reform and opening-up and cultural exchanges between the East and the West, many literary and art circles pursued modern consciousness, and the duet was also greatly reflected. In order to adapt to the appreciation of modern youth, many troupes add modern pop songs, electronic piano music and disco dance music to the duet. This is a useful attempt.
After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the two men turned to the stage and changed. First of all, it is a casual artist, who will take shifts on May 7th and perform in various villages. They are called rolling bags. This kind of performance is scattered in rural areas, and its stage art is still similar to the traditional duet. Secondly, professional caravans went to the countryside. A big truck, open the trunk board, and the next one is the stage, which is very convenient. This kind of performance is in short supply. First, there are few professional groups and a wide range of rural areas. Second, some troupes hold iron rice bowls and have been attached to them for a long time, so their time is limited. With the improvement of economic system reform after the mid-1980s. Some professional troupes have contracted their economies and gone deep into rural areas, but remote areas are still neglected all the year round. The third is the performance of small urban theaters and teahouses. Many towns in the three northeastern provinces have set up two-person turn small theaters all the year round. After the 20th century, the green duet in Zhao Benshan rose and broke into the big theater stage of big cities, which was very popular. Benshan's duet also entered the TV channel, and the duet was transferred to the stage and sent to thousands of households through the screen. Even crossed the ocean and moved the duo to the overseas stage.
In 2009, the duet of Jilin Folk Art Troupe and the green duet of Zhao Benshan in Liaoning Province triggered a big debate. One view is that the duet, singing performance and stage art of Jilin Folk Art Troupe all follow the tradition of duet and are authentic duet. Zhao Benshan Liu Laogen's duet on the big stage does not sing traditional tunes, but only sings pop songs, which is ugly and vulgar, not a duet.
As far as stage art is concerned, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. We should learn from each other's strengths and let a hundred flowers blossom. On the basis of protecting the fine tradition of duet, we should allow and encourage the coexistence of various styles of duet.
On the basis of tradition, the stage art of Jilin Folk Art Troupe strives for perfection, using modern means such as sound, photoelectricity and so on, deliberately seeking beauty in clothing and makeup, and seeing elegance in common customs; On the basis of tradition, the stage art of Liu Laogen's big stage in Liaoning Province also uses modern means such as sound and photoelectricity to deliberately highlight the clown art in costume makeup. But this ugliness lacks the traditional aesthetic principle of "seeing beauty in ugliness, seeking cleverness in stupidity, seeing goodness in stupidity and seeking beauty in stupidity".
If Liaoning and Jilin provinces learn from each other's strong points and learn from each other's strong points, they will be able to cultivate a new flower that shines with both traditional brilliance and new era brilliance. I wish them a hundred flowers and spring scenery.