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Words of different parts of speech are combined together according to certain grammatical rules, and the language unit that can express a complete meaning is called a sentence. A sentence consists of parts with different functions, which are called sentence members. There are eight sentence elements in English: subject, predicate verb, predicative, object, attribute, adverbial, subject complement and object complement. It is divided into the following parts: (1) Subject: I) Subject in the sense: From the standpoint of grammar, only predicate verbs have subjects, and verbs (infinitive, participle and gerund) still have the nature of verbs, but they have lost their functions, so they have no subjects; But from the standpoint of meaning, the action expressed by verb words should belong to something, that is, there should be a subject, not a grammatical subject, but a meaningful subject. His father wants him to go abroad for further study. From the standpoint of grammar, "He" is the object of the transitive verb "wished"; But "who" goes abroad for further study? He (he). So in a sense, him is the subject of infinitive going abroad for further study. Spring has come and the weather is getting warmer and warmer. ) "Who" has arrived? "Spring" (spring); So spring is the subject of participle. The reason why he came is a secret. The reason why he came is a secret. ) gerund can't have a subject grammatically (because it's not a verb), but who will come? Here he comes. He should be the subject in this sense. (Note) The subject in the gerund sense is a pronoun. When it is not used as subject or object, the possessive case should be used, so his in this sentence cannot be changed to he or he. He wants to get up early tomorrow morning. He will get up early tomorrow morning. THe subject of infinitive to get up in this sentence is he (he gets up). He wants me to get up early tomorrow morning. The subject of infinitive to get up in this sentence is me (I get up); Because you are the object of wants in grammar, you use the objective case. He insisted on going there. THe going gerund in this sentence is he (he goes). He insisted that I go there. The subject of the gerund going in this sentence is "I" (I will go); But grammatically, it is an adjective that modifies going, so I use possessive my. II) Subject nouns and personal pronouns are the most common subject forms, and there are many other forms. This is as follows: 1. Noun: (1) Money is the most important thing in life, you think. Money is the most important thing in life, you think. The news of his death gave me a great shock. I was very shocked by his death. Pronoun: (1) He sat back to back with a girl. Do you know who wrote this book? Do you know who wrote this book? ) The+ adjective: (1) The rich are not always happier than the poor. ) rich = rich = poor = poor (2) beautiful is not necessarily good. (Beauty is not necessarily good. ) beauty = beauty (beauty) goodness = goodness (goodness) 4. The dead and dying lie on the battlefield. The wounded were abandoned because the enemy's gunfire made them inaccessible. ) infinitive: (1) appeals to compromise. It seems wise to compromise with each other. It's always nice to meet you. You are not the subject in this sentence, but the object of the infinitive. Gerund: (1) Swimming is good for health. Reading English is easier than speaking English. English is not the subject in a sentence, but the object of a gerund. 7. Preposition phrase: (1) Eight o'clock to twenty o'clock is my busiest time. I am busiest from eight to twelve o'clock. It's about 300 kilometers from Shanghai to Nanjing. It's about 300 kilometers from Shanghai to Nanjing. ) 8. Question+infinitive-equals noun phrase. How to deal with the money is the biggest test. How to deal with the money is the biggest test. What to do with the money is the biggest problem. When to start has not been determined. When we will start has not been determined. When to start has not been decided. His honesty is undeniable. It makes no difference to me whether he is rich or poor. The subject is the person or thing that the sentence refers to, and it is the main body of the sentence. The position of the subject is generally at the beginning of the sentence, and it is generally not omitted. Nouns, pronouns, numerals, infinitives, gerunds and subject clauses can all act as subjects. Wall has ears. Wall has ears. He will take you to the hospital. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. Three plus four equals seven. I'll believe that when I see it. I'll believe that when I see it. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether they will come depends on the weather. Predicate verb (predicate verb) is a sentence component that explains the action or state of the subject. The position of the predicate verb is generally after the subject. Predicate verbs are notional verbs or copulative verbs. Auxiliary verbs or modal verbs plus other verbs also constitute predicate verbs. Actions speak louder than words. This opportunity may never come again. I'm afraid this opportunity won't come again. Tom was very sad. Tom is very sad. Mary has been working in a clothing store since 1994. Mary has been working in that clothing store since 1994. (3) Predicate is used to explain the identity, characteristics and status of the subject, and it is located after the copula. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and participles, numerals, infinitives, prepositional phrases, adverbs and predicative clauses can all be used as predicative words. My father is a professor. My father is a professor. Who's that? Who is it? It's me. It's me. Everything here is dead to her. Everything here is precious to her. The game became very exciting. The game became very tense. My life story may be helpful to others. My life experience may be helpful to others. Three times five equals five. Three times five equals fifteen. His plan is to find a job in the city. His plan is to find a job in the city. My first thought is that you should hide your feelings. My initial thought was that you should hide your feelings. (4) object represents the object of the action and is the receiver of the action. The object usually comes after the transitive verb. English prepositions are followed by objects. Nouns, numerals, pronouns and gerunds can be used as objects. Infinitives can also be used as objects of transitive verbs. She covered her face with her hands. She covered her face with her hands. We haven't seen her for a long time. We haven't seen her for a long time. Would you mind opening the window? Would you mind opening the window? Please give me four. Please give me four. He wants to have a good dream. He wants to have a good dream. We need to know what others are doing. We need to know what others are doing. I live in Japan, 1986. I live in Japan, 1986. (Nouns and numerals are the objects of prepositions) (5) Attributes are words, phrases or sentences that modify nouns or pronouns. When a word is used as an attribute, it is usually placed before the noun it modifies; When phrases and clauses are used as attributes, they are placed after the nouns they modify. There are nouns, adjectives, numerals, participles and their phrases, inequalities and their phrases, prepositional phrases and attributive clauses as attributes. They are women workers. They are women workers. Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. Equal pay for equal work should be implemented. Equal pay for equal work should be implemented. The play has three acts. The play has three acts. This is her first trip to Europe. This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. China is a developing country. You don't like the promise to write to us. You didn't keep your promise to write to us often. My cat has a good sense of smell for milk. My cat has a keen sense of smell for milk. People who want to go to Tibet sign here. People who want to go to Tibet must sign here. Adverbial adverbial is a sentence component that modifies verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Adverbials indicate place, time, reason, purpose, result, condition, concession, degree, way, accompanying situation, etc. Adverbials include adverbs, nouns, prepositional phrases, participles and their phrases, infinitives and their phrases, adverbial clauses, etc.

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