Keywords small and medium-sized enterprises; Technological innovation; Countermeasures
After more than 30 years of rapid development, China's economy has entered a stage where we must pay attention to economic quality. At this stage, in order to effectively promote the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of economic growth mode, it is necessary to enhance the independent innovation ability of enterprises. As the vanguard of China's reform and opening up, Guangdong has experienced rapid economic growth and greatly enhanced its strength in the past 30 years, making it the most dynamic province with the highest level of regional economic development in China. Small and medium-sized enterprises have always occupied an important position in Guangdong's economy, and played an important role in promoting Guangdong's national economic growth, alleviating social employment pressure, increasing local fiscal revenue and optimizing industrial structure. Under the background of economic globalization and knowledge economy, whether Guangdong can maintain its advantages to a new level, the promotion of technological innovation ability of small and medium-sized enterprises is particularly critical.
First, the status of technological innovation of SMEs in Guangdong
1. Excellent conditions. In recent years, Guangdong has paid more and more attention to small and medium-sized enterprises, and its support for technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises has also been greatly strengthened. In addition to the establishment of the SME Bureau, the provincial government also supported the development of four types of private enterprises: science and technology, export-oriented, employment and agricultural products processing. By May of 20 10, the small and medium-sized enterprises of Industry-University-Research Innovation Alliance established in 34 provinces had earned more than150 billion dollars in foreign exchange through export in recent three years, and accumulated new profits and taxes of123.2 billion yuan. The Alliance has applied for 1 1 10,000 patents, of which1.5,000 patents were obtained; Overcome 572 key industrial technologies; Establish public service platforms 107, 26 alliance operating entities, and postdoctoral research centers 16. (1) A regional technological innovation system was initially formed. First, aiming at the forefront of core technologies in key areas, we have built a number of major innovation platforms with relevant state departments. Second, guided by the huge demand of regional industrial development, the "Guangdong Provincial Joint Conference on Promoting the Development of Industrial Clusters" was established, which mainly supported a number of industrial cluster public service platform construction projects and promoted the regional innovation capability. (2) Industry-University-Research cooperation with enterprises as the main body has laid a good foundation. In 2009 alone, 180 colleges and universities across the country cooperated with Guangdong in Industry-University-Research, with more than 6,000 cooperative projects. (3) The independent innovation ability of SMEs has been further improved. In recent years, Guangdong SMEs have cooperated with the Office of the Coordination Leading Group of Industry-University-Research, Guangdong Province, and held SME service days and Industry-University-Research docking activities in Foshan, Zhongshan and other cities respectively, exploring the establishment of a service platform and mechanism combining enterprises with Industry-University-Research. (4) Small and medium-sized enterprises have further strengthened their foreign exchanges and cooperation. Make full use of the platform of China International SME Expo, strengthen foreign exchanges and cooperation of SMEs, and at the same time strengthen inter-provincial regional cooperation of SMEs.
2. Existing problems. Although Guangdong SMEs have many advantages in technological innovation, they also encounter many difficulties and problems. Mainly manifested in: (1) insufficient funds and financing difficulties. According to the "20 1 1 Guangdong SME Financing Survey Report" jointly compiled by Guangdong SME Bureau and Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, as of the first half of 201/kloc-0, the total financing demand of 333 randomly selected enterprises was 5 1.886 million yuan, and the financing amount was 33.97 million yuan. According to the survey conducted by Guangzhou Branch of China People's Bank, among the 382 SMEs sampled, 67% are short of funds, and 42.7% are in a tight financial situation compared with the same period in 20 10. At the same time, financing is also quite difficult. (2) The technical intermediary institutions are not perfect. At present, there are various types of science and technology intermediaries in Guangdong province, but their market awareness is not strong; Second, the scale is small, and the cooperation mechanism and comprehensive services are poor; Third, there is a lack of high-quality talents. (3) Insufficient investment in innovation and unreasonable structure. One is that R & ampd accounts for a low proportion of sales; Second, the overall scale of R&D investment is small; Third, venture capital is underdeveloped. In addition, there is also the problem that the source structure of technological innovation funds is unreasonable. (4) The contradiction between the rapid expansion of industrial scale and the lack of core technology. As a major export province in China, statistics show that among high-tech export products, key core technologies and equipment mainly rely on imports, 70% of manufacturing industries are still low-tech and traditional industries, many enterprises and products are OEM, and there are few high-tech products with independent intellectual property rights in processing trade. (5) Lack of talents. At present, the situation of technical talents in Guangdong needs to be further optimized and improved in scale and quality structure. For example, Dongguan is a good soil for developing e-commerce, with obvious industrial base advantages and complete supporting facilities. A number of industrial clusters such as Houjie Furniture, Humen Clothing, Da Lang Wool Weaving and Chang 'an Hardware Mould have been formed. These traditional industrial resources are the unique advantages that support the development of e-commerce in Dongguan. However, due to the lack of e-commerce talents, the local e-commerce industry in Dongguan, which began to develop in the 1990s, has not yet formed a representative third-party platform and online merchants. In contrast, 30% of the goods on Taobao come from Dongguan.
Second, Guangdong SMEs technological innovation countermeasures
1. Increase investment in science and technology. (1) Increase the R&D investment of enterprises and improve their core competitiveness. At present, 86% of global R&D and more than 90% of invention patents are in the hands of developed countries. More than 20 industrialized countries rank among the "innovative countries in the world", and invention patents account for 99% of the world total. In order to be invincible in the fierce international competition, we must improve the level of research and development; D investment level, strengthen research and development, improve technological innovation ability, and master core technologies. (2) Establish a mechanism to encourage social capital investment. First, set up a small and medium-sized enterprise entrepreneurship development fund, improve the venture capital operation system, and provide entrepreneurial development funds for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises; The second is to establish a mechanism to encourage enterprises to increase investment in science and technology; The third is to open up a special loan plan for technological innovation in policy banks to attract commercial banks and social funds to invest in technological innovation. (3) Using tax lever to encourage technological innovation of donation. The research and development funds donated by enterprises, institutions, social organizations and individuals, non-affiliated scientific research institutions and universities through public welfare social organizations and state organs shall be deducted from the taxable income in the current year according to regulations.
2. Deepen cooperation in Industry-University-Research. Make full use of the Industry-University-Research cooperation platform established by Guangdong Province, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science and Technology, carry out the docking activities between Innovation Service Promotion Day and Industry-University-Research, establish the technical exchange and cooperation mechanism between small and medium-sized enterprises and scientific research institutes, and promote the cooperation in Industry-University-Research. Organize and implement a number of technological innovation and technological transformation projects to guide small and medium-sized enterprises to continuously improve their independent innovation capabilities.
3. Accelerate the construction of scientific and technological innovation carriers. (1) Build a high-tech pioneer park. Science and Technology Pioneer Park can provide enterprises with low-rent factory buildings, market development, management consulting, enterprise fund guarantee and other services, which can greatly reduce the entrepreneurial risk of high-tech industries and is conducive to the development of high-tech industries. As a link between the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, the Science and Technology Pioneer Park will also cultivate a large number of compound talents who know both technology and management, which will play an important role in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially in improving their independent innovation ability. (2) Improve the intermediary service system of science and technology. Accelerate the establishment of a regional and professional technical innovation service system for small and medium-sized enterprises and build a number of national technical innovation service centers. According to the principle of separating government from society, part of the functions of government management will be transferred to the service center, so that the government and intermediary agencies can perform their respective duties. At the same time, the relevant departments should strengthen the supervision of intermediary organizations to make them operate in a standardized manner.
4. Improve the system and mechanism of technological innovation. (1) Learn from the U.S. government procurement support system. In the early days of Silicon Valley in the United States, the order of its enterprise 1/4 came from the government. Governments at all levels in China can also learn from the American government procurement support system, give priority to all products that domestic SMEs can produce in the government procurement list, and support the innovation and development of SMEs. (2) Vigorously implement the intellectual property strategy and strive to enhance the technological innovation capability. We will speed up the construction of a scientific and technological R&D basic platform and a public service system for intellectual property information for the whole society, so that Chinese enterprises, scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning can enjoy advanced R&D, testing and testing equipment, retrieve and utilize technology, intellectual property and market information conveniently and quickly, reduce R&D costs and shorten the development and listing cycle of new products. Carry out pilot projects of intellectual property strategy for small and medium-sized enterprise clusters, carry out special projects to promote intellectual property strategy for central enterprises, and comprehensively promote the implementation of national intellectual property strategy at the enterprise level. (3) Constantly improve policies and measures to create a fair development environment for SMEs. We will thoroughly implement the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and the Regulations of Guangdong Province on Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, bring the development of small and medium-sized enterprises into the legal track, and break the monopoly of departments and industries. Establish and improve the coordination mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprise investors such as property rights, intellectual property rights, independent management rights and entrepreneurs' reputation rights and personal status according to law. (4) Reform the current fiscal and taxation policies for technological innovation to solve the financing problem. We will encourage enterprises to innovate and create a good financing environment for high-tech enterprises and technological innovation by adopting policies and measures that focus on capital allocation and loan discount, supplemented by tax reduction and exemption, and combining key support and comprehensive promotion.
5. Accelerate the construction of innovative talents. On the one hand, attract talents by improving treatment, improve talent incentive mechanism, let technological innovators share patented projects and technologies, and realize the combination of option incentive and realistic incentive; On the other hand, strengthen personnel training, especially in enterprises, to stimulate the innovative potential of technicians.
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