At that time, it was widely rumored in China to carry out clothing color reform, especially after the new army changed its clothing system, and there was a big discussion on clothing color reform in society.
1. Rumors of five ministers changing clothes before and after their overseas inspection 1905, the five ministers' overseas inspection promoted the reform of clothing color. The social attitude towards whether the Qing court carried out the reform of the service system was also unclear. Italy has decided to change its clothes this year to meet the public's wishes, and whether to cut braids has not yet been decided. About early in the day, late in the year? . The next day, the news that the clothing reform was announced was true. Because the new army has changed, the clothing color reform will be extended to students and provincial officials.
According to the report, regarding the clothing reform, military ministers discussed with each other, accounting for 70% to 80% in favor of the reform, 120% in silence, and 10% in opposition. It is said that the new clothing color system has been drafted and will be promulgated soon. Later, it was reported that Duan Fang had played in the court to discuss the reform of dress color, but the specific details are still unknown.
However, when Empress Dowager Cixi summoned the Minister of Military Affairs, she thought that changing the military attache's clothes color could achieve the effect of flexible operation, while civil servants should keep the old clothes color to maintain the system.
After 1906, the discussion about changing clothes was once again rampant. Duan Fang and Dai Hongci's entourage mostly changed their clothes before and after going abroad. In the minister's letter to the students studying in France, the students studying in France proposed to reform the school's clothing system and the government and the people's clothing color, so as to achieve the goal of Manchu-Chinese integration.
However, the bourgeois revolutionaries were sarcastic about the clothing reform in the Qing court, spreading the news against changing clothes inside and outside the court, which proved that the so-called rumor of changing clothes was just a rumor and not credible. Another interior minister is going to play Yi Fu, but Zai Feng, Xu Shi, Wang Wenshao and others are firmly opposed.
Duan Fang and Dai Hongci put forward the necessity of clothing reform in their memorials. In military and political affairs, I hope the Qing emperor can? Pro-imperial military service boosts morale. ? Also known as western countries, no matter the king or the president. All dressed in military uniforms? What about at the party? What does Fu Rong do? . In academic affairs, they think the court should? Set up the school crown to serve the people? , in order to achieve? After the crown is fixed, you can listen to one. After listening to one, your position is clear, your position is clear, your mind is specialized, and your mind is specialized. Then you can learn? Purpose.
Second, the reasons for the implementation of the Western-style clothing system There are five reasons for the implementation of the Western-style clothing system: First, in the military era, the non-Western-style clothing system can not lift the spirit; Second, in the era of transportation, non-western clothing system can not facilitate communication; Third, in the era of ubiquitous mechanism, the non-Western clothing system can not avoid danger; Fourth, in the era of physiological invention, the non-Western clothing system could not be hygienic; Fifth, in the era of complicated personnel and brain trigger, the non-western clothing system
Clothing reform is directly related to the boundaries between human strength, wisdom, ignorance and diligence. In East Asian countries, clothing is complex and extensive, which greatly affects social progress. It is human nature to like the new and hate the old, and with the increasing convenience of transportation, the clothing represented by overseas students has evolved into a trend for more than ten years, which is really unstoppable. You can't preach western learning without changing your clothes. It won't do much for local officials to abide by the imperial edict. Those who are forbidden can help themselves, but those who change themselves cannot force them. The purpose of reforming the service system is to make people who question it? New Deal? Some people will not give the court the reputation of being conservative. As long as the inherent ethics guarantee, clothing can be replaced by old cloth to adapt to the times.
Three. Yin Ji, a school official in the Cabinet, put forward different opinions. He believes that China's national conditions are different from those of western countries, so it is not necessary to change all the costumes, but only to change the uniforms of diplomats, students and the new army first, so as not to violate the ancestral system and make people talk about it, and the conservative forces will also stop it. Maintain the clothing of old officials, old scholars, industry and commerce unchanged, thus maintaining the inherent hierarchy. He also suggested unifying Manchu-Chinese women's clothing and implementing the policy of intermarriage between Manchu and Han.
Lu Haihuan, Minister of Commerce and Treaty Department, thinks that the students in the new school are a scourge. Is it convenient to follow the western system for braid cutting and modification? ,? If you change clothes, not only is the system good, but the clothes you wear are all purchased from abroad, and there is another big leak. ?
He claimed that if the court didn't pay attention to it, people who were afraid of ignorance gathered in the city, imitated each other, didn't know the meaning of timing, and looked at Zhang Wang as rude and indifferent to clothes, it was really the most sacred and impossible. ? He suggested that the Qing court severely investigate and punish students and people from all walks of life who changed their clothes, thus safeguarding the hearts of the people all over the world. Finally, he believes that the reform is not in appearance, but in content. It is not credible to say that Yi Shuo's so-called change of clothes can make China self-reliant.
Fourth, the attitude of public opinion at that time, Ta Kung Pao also specially opened a column to call on readers to discuss. Ta Kung Pao has discussed the issue of cutting hair and changing clothes twice before in 1903 and 1904, and this is the biggest time. Yu, Yu, Cai Yong, Shen E, Xiang Xiang and others all think that it is imperative to change clothes.
Yu believes that light clothing is a globally recognized trend, and it is impossible for China to stand on its own feet outside the world trend. Only by changing clothes can we have an equal status with other world powers. Li Yu and Wang Caiwu believe that relaxed clothing is the first priority to realize national self-improvement. Shen E believes that Yi Fu will eventually cultivate the spirit of martial arts, and achieve a strong country through strong species. "Xiangxiang Nanzi" wrote that to truly realize constitutionalism, we must start with such small things as cutting hair and changing clothes. They refuted the so-called inconsistent ancestral system, civil opposition and constitutional reform that emphasized content over form.
But disappointingly, the court turned a deaf ear to the so-called public opinion of changing clothes, and the academic circles were firmly confined to cutting hair and changing clothes. In the examination for foreign students held by our department, all foreign students must wear Hanfu, not suits. In the same year, Duan Fang, Dai Hongci and others wrote to the court, demanding that schools be allowed to change clothes, and the school department quickly stipulated the school clothing system. It can be seen that compared with haircut, the Qing court was more tolerant of changing clothes.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Debate on Yi Fu in the late Qing Dynasty Yi Fu was repeatedly involved in the first annual meeting in the late Qing Dynasty, and the case of haircut Yi Fu discussed at the 26th meeting can be regarded as the last discussion on Yi Fu in the late Qing Dynasty.
This topic was put forward by Roger, a native of Hunan Province, in the hope that the court would take Yi Fu as the first step of constitutionalism and make the world feel refreshed. Congressman Mullin thinks the issue of casual clothes is very important. Domestic clothes are different from those abroad, so we need to consider the issue of haircut before we can talk about relaxed clothes. As the issue of haircut has not been decided, the so-called dressing change is impossible.
As for the clothing system, China's clothes are divided into uniforms and dresses. Uniforms are wide and fit, and need not be changed; However, the dresses are cold and overlapping, and they have to be changed more than a dozen times a year before they are complete. The gown hinders the movement and is extremely inconvenient. Therefore, China's dress can't be changed. Please ask the emperor to order the dress in compliance. This method of changing clothes is the same, and the secret service has not changed.
Chen believes that the voluntary service is only for soldiers and patrolmen. Because it is not easy for soldiers to take it, it is not conducive to military operations, so soldiers and patrolmen have to change their dresses. As for military uniforms, we still have to wear the original official uniforms, thinking that there can be no two sets of dress systems above the court. As for the students at school, since they already have uniforms, there is no need to change them. If all the students in the country change into new clothes, it may increase the economic burden of the people.
Roger thinks that if China wants to be rich and strong, it must improve its form. China's diplomats walked out of the conference hall. Because of the inconvenience of pigtails, they can't get in like other countries' diplomacy, so they have to get off and follow suit. There is only a carriage outside the venue, so China's diplomats are very wronged abroad. China's casual clothes are still good, so there is no need to change them. It's just that it's inconvenient to dress, so if you want the court to suggest changing clothes. However, the style of clothes can be changed, but the material cannot be changed. To develop our own factory, we must be able to make our own hats, coats, clothes and shoes.
Nowadays, society thinks that casual dress will inevitably lead to the prevalence of foreign dresses. But the crux of the problem now is that no matter how good it is, foreign goods will still prevail Only by improving the level of domestic scientific and technological manufacturing can we compete with it. Yang Xitian believes that the reason why China is poor and weak lies not in clothes, but in etiquette, which not only harms China, but also surrenders power and interests. Yi Fu not only changed the system of our ancestors, but also lost our own sense of shame. Moreover, he heard many business people resolutely oppose this in the street, which is inconsistent with the purpose of the senior advisory Committee to represent public opinion.
Member Yi Zongkui thinks China's casual clothes are very comfortable. Foreigners who have stayed in China for a long time often wear Chinese casual clothes. But China's dress is very complicated, including coat, feather, hat, beads, collar, robe, hood, patchwork clothes, cotton-padded jacket and shoes. A person has more than a dozen sets of clothes, and needs at least a few thousand taels of silver, but it is still rare to have them all. Moreover, it is neither beautiful nor convenient for China to wear a dress and take a rickshaw.
So change the formal clothes, not the casual clothes. Now the army, police and academia all have dresses, no problem. Now it's political circles. Hundreds of thousands of people, including officials and parliamentarians, will change their clothes, which will not have a major impact on the state finances. If the service system is not reformed, there will be two service systems at the court meeting, which will be a scandal. I hope that the court can submit the clothing reform plan to the Constitution Editorial Office instead of the Ministry of Rites for discussion, so as to prevent resistance to the suggestion of changing clothes.
However, what was the attitude of the Qing court after this motion was played in the court? Still according to the previous explanation, this performance should be discussed immediately. ?
It can be seen that the members of the senior advisory committee still have great differences on the reform plan of the clothing system, while the upper rulers of the Qing court, represented by the Qing members, still hope to partially retain the traditional clothing system, because the deepening of the clothing reform will inevitably have an impact on the traditional system represented by the old clothing system, thus shaking the ruling foundation of the Qing dynasty, which they do not want to see.