Bachelor's uniform is the dress worn by bachelor's degree winners at the degree awarding ceremony, and it is one of the visible signs of their degrees. Each bachelor's costume consists of four parts: bachelor's hat, tassel, bachelor's robe and hanging cloth. Generally speaking, curtains are divided into six categories: text (including literature, law, philosophy, history and religion)-pink, philosophy (including classics, management and philosophy)-gray, industrial-yellow, agricultural-green, medical-white and military-red, which are distinguished by six different lace colors. However, there is no official uniform color regulation for soft clothes in China. [1] For example, the winners of economic management-related degrees in Peking University wear pink curtains [2], and those in Tsinghua wear yellow curtains [3].

Tracing back to the source, we should follow the track of the development of university education in continental Europe and trace it back to the West in the Middle Ages.

Bachelor's uniform (Bachelor of Arts)

oh The development of university education in western Europe is the result of the influence of medieval life.

In the early Middle Ages, the Roman Empire perished, the splendid classical culture of Greece and Rome was destroyed and rapidly weakened, once prosperous cities disappeared from people's sight, and various educational institutions disappeared. Roman Christian Church became the main inheritor and disseminator of ancient culture.

By the twelfth century, due to the development of Christianity, a large number of clergy were needed to help bishops manage their parishes. So monasteries, archdiocesan schools and parish schools appeared one after another. The archdiocese school is located in the archdiocese, and the parish school is located in the village where the clergy are located. The church uses these places to educate priests and monks on the basics of reading, writing, calculation and teaching. They adopted some achievements of classical culture and gradually formed a learning course called "Seven Arts" (grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy).

In Italy, the teachers in these schools are called doctors (from Latin doctoreum, meaning teachers), while in Paris, teachers are called masters (from Latin mage, meaning teachers, masters).

At that time, handicraft industry flourished, gradually separated from agriculture, and commerce also developed, re-forming a city centered on handicraft industry and commerce, and various handicraft trade associations and commercial guilds appeared. These guilds have strict organization and rules and regulations, and have considerable independent management rights.

With the development of the school, more and more teachers are called masters or doctors. Teachers from all over the country follow the example of handicraft and commercial trade associations and organize teachers' trade associations. Students organize themselves into fellow villagers' associations to manage their own affairs. They all call themselves guild universities (from Latin universals, which means * * * the same body), so the word university has become a religion.

* * * of the Education Center is also the title.

In other words, the original university institution is the guild organization of these teachers and students. Teachers of the same major in the same guild form a special professional guild, which is called faculty or professors' association (from Latin faculty as, which means ability, that is, the ability to teach a certain subject). Later, the meaning of the word faculty was extended to a university branch (college) that teaches a certain department of knowledge. In Bologna, northern Italy, the two earliest universities in the Middle Ages-Bologna University and Salle University were established, followed by Paris University and Oxford University.

These early college students have to organize classes, but the school will not take the exam. Only those students who decide to be teachers in the future will be tested by the school. The first step in the examination process is to give them a series of private and public pre-tests. Candidates who pass the exam should wear monk robes and sit with their classmates (bachelor, from Latin baccahalar, meaning bachelor). Then there will be a wine feast provided by candidates who have successfully passed the exam. This is the embryonic form of the student graduation ceremony. But to become a master or a doctor (there was no difference between a doctor and a master at that time, both meant teacher and master), it took two to three years of study and passed a strict final exam.

In medieval Europe, men and women in towns wore robes. Cold halls and drafty buildings force people to wear robes that reach the floor and are connected to hoods (hoods, also called vests). The raw materials and colors of these robes and headscarves are determined by everyone's wealth and social status. Because scholars in early universities were missionaries, their clothes should be consistent with their status in monasteries, wearing khaki robes and headscarves to protect their heads. As a result, this monk's black robe and headscarf has evolved into a popular bachelor's costume in universities today, which should be worn not only at school graduation ceremonies, but also at other major celebrations.

In the United States, Harvard University took the lead in putting on the bachelor's uniform, and then universities used it one after another, but the style was different from that still used in Europe, and there were differences among schools. 1895, representatives of all schools met and established a unified clothing style. 1903 produced the uniform standard system of American undergraduate uniforms, and revised it twice in 1936 and 1960. Therefore, the specifications of undergraduate uniforms popular in American universities today are the same, but they are slightly different in some details such as colors.