1. Different fabrics have different fiber hygroscopicity. As long as the fiber has high hygroscopicity, the shrinkage rate is large.
Such as: natural fiber cotton, wool, silk, hemp, etc. Polyester, acrylic fiber, polypropylene fiber and other chemical fibers have small hygroscopicity, so the shrinkage rate is also small.
2. We often use natural fibers, such as fabrics made of pure cotton (cotton mercerized plain cloth, cotton mercerized twill, cotton plain cloth, ordinary worsted woolen cloth, silk crepe, etc. ), will shrink.
Because these fabrics will be subjected to certain mechanical stretching during production and processing, this natural fiber will naturally shrink after stretching and washing.
Due to the different processing flow of different fibers, the shrinkage rate of various fabrics is also large or small.
Extended data:
A, clothing fabric types:
1, according to different raw materials, it can be divided into yarn-dyed cotton, yarn-dyed polyester cotton, yarn-dyed medium-long wool-like tweed, all-wool tweed, wool-polyester tweed, wool-polyester bonded tweed, slub yarn, knotted yarn and various blended yarn-dyed fabrics. And there are many yarn-dyed fabrics made of silk and hemp.
2. According to different weaving methods, it can be divided into plain weave, yarn-dyed poplin, yarn-dyed plaid, Oxford weave, youth, cowboy, khaki, twill, herringbone, gabardine, satin, small jacquard and large jacquard.
3. According to the different technical characteristics of the front and rear roads, it can be divided into:
Colored warp and weft cloth (Oxford cloth, youth cloth, denim cloth, labor cloth, etc. ) warp and weft fabrics (plaid, plaid, bed linen, plaid, etc. ) and all kinds of yarn-dyed flannel formed by later processes such as napping, napping, sanding and felting.
4. According to different manufacturing principles, it can be divided into knitted yarn-dyed fabric and woven yarn-dyed fabric.
All of the above are woven yarn-dyed fabrics. The basic principle of knitted yarn-dyed fabrics is to dye the yarn before weaving. Both warp knitting machines and weft knitting machines can weave yarn-dyed fabrics, but most of them are mainly stripes, so it is impossible to weave plaids.
(1) cotton cloth
Cotton cloth is a general term for all kinds of cotton textiles. Mostly used to make fashion, casual wear, underwear and shirts.
Its advantages are easy to keep warm, soft and close-fitting, good hygroscopicity and breathability, and not easy to be allergic. Its disadvantages are easy to shrink, wrinkle, poor recoverability and poor gloss, so it must be ironed frequently.
Classification of cotton cloth:
(1) pure cotton: As the name implies, it is all made of cotton, which has the characteristics of warmth, moisture absorption, heat resistance, alkali resistance and hygiene. Its disadvantage is that it is easy to shrink, wrinkle and pilling, and its appearance is not crisp and beautiful, so it must be ironed frequently when worn.
② Fine cotton: The correct term is "fine woven cotton", which simply means that it is better woven and handled, and it is pure cotton, which can prevent pilling to the maximum extent.
(3) Polyester-cotton blending, compared with pure cotton. It is a blend of polyester and cotton, which is easier to pilling than "worsted cotton". However, due to the polyester composition, the fabric is softer than pure cotton, and it is not easy to wrinkle, but its hygroscopicity is worse than pure cotton.
④ Washable cotton: Washable cotton is made of cotton cloth. After special treatment, the surface color of the fabric is softer and feels softer, showing a sense of old material in slight wrinkles.
This kind of clothes has the advantages of not being easy to change, not fading and not ironing. The well-washed cotton cloth has a uniform layer of plush on the surface and a unique style.
⑤ Ice cotton: Ice cotton is light and breathable, cool and resistant to summer heat.
Generally speaking, a layer of coating is added to cotton cloth, and the color is mainly single tone, such as white, military green, light pink, light brown and so on. Ice cotton is breathable and cool, feels smooth and soft, has a cool feeling, has natural wrinkles on the surface, and is airtight when worn on the body.
Suitable for ladies to make dresses, cropped trousers, shirts, etc. Unique style, it is the first-class fabric for making summer clothes. Pure ice cotton will not shrink!
⑥ Lycra cotton: Lycra is added to the cotton cloth. LYCRA is an artificial elastic fiber exclusively invented and produced by DuPont, which can be stretched 4 to 7 times freely and quickly recover its original length after the external force is released.
It cannot be used alone, but it can be interwoven with any other man-made or natural fiber.
It does not change the appearance of the fabric, and it is an invisible fiber, which can greatly improve the performance of the fabric. Its extraordinary stretching and recovery performance greatly increases the color of all fabrics.
The clothes containing Lycra not only fit comfortably and move freely, but also have super anti-wrinkle elasticity, and the clothes are durable and not deformed.
⑦ Mesh cotton: Mesh cotton is also pure cotton, but the weave is different from ordinary cotton, and it absorbs sweat and is not easy to deform.
⑧ Mercerized cotton: Mercerized cotton is made of high-grade cotton. After a series of strict processing procedures, its products can be described as the best cotton, which not only retains the natural advantages of pure cotton's softness, comfort, moisture absorption and breathability, but also has many unique advantages:
1, the yarn strength increases and it is not easy to break;
2, the gloss is increased, and it is as bright as silk;
3, the dyeing performance is improved, the color is bright, and it is not easy to fade;
4. The breaking depth of yarn decreases with the increase of tension, that is, it is not easy to stretch and deform.
(2) linen
Flax is a kind of cloth made of hemp, flax, ramie, jute, sisal, banana and other hemp plant fibers. Generally used to make casual clothes and work clothes, and mostly used to make ordinary summer clothes.
Its advantages are extremely high strength, good hygroscopicity, thermal conductivity and air permeability. Its disadvantages are uncomfortable to wear and rough and stiff appearance.
(3) Silk
Silk is the general name of all kinds of silk fabrics woven from silk. Like cotton cloth, it has many varieties and different personalities. It can be used to make all kinds of clothes, especially women's clothes.
Its advantages are light, healthy, soft, smooth, breathable, colorful, shiny, elegant and comfortable. Its disadvantages are easy to wrinkle, easy to absorb, not strong enough and fast fading.
(4) woolen cloth
Wool fabric, also called wool fabric, is the general name of all kinds of fabrics made of wool and cashmere. Usually suitable for making formal and high-grade clothes such as dresses, suits and coats.
Its advantages are wrinkle resistance, wear resistance, soft feel, elegance, flexibility and warmth. Its main disadvantage is that it is difficult to wash and is not suitable for summer clothes.
Baidu Encyclopedia _ Clothing Fabric