Attention problem
1. Selection of pesticides. There are many kinds of pesticides in the market, the quality of pesticides is uneven, and the control targets are also very different. Therefore, it is necessary to choose pesticides according to the control objects, so as to use drugs according to the symptoms and avoid blind use of drugs.
4. Preparation of pesticides. Although the preparation of pesticides is not difficult, due to carelessness or improper operation, some problems often occur, which should be noted. First, it is necessary to accurately weigh the amount of medicine and water; Second, the mother liquor should be diluted first; Third, we should pay attention to the safety of people and the environment. Especially plant growth regulators, are very sensitive to concentration. Professor Zheng Xianfu of Zheng Chemical told the reporter that it is best to use plant growth regulators in strict accordance with the instructions. Increasing or decreasing the dosage will have a significant impact on the efficacy, and even cause phytotoxicity.
3. Appropriate period of pesticide use. Any kind of disease and insect pests has its suitable control period, which should be determined according to the specific situation. You can't blindly use drugs, and you can't achieve the ideal effect if you use drugs too early or too late. Only by choosing the right prevention and control period can we achieve the ideal effect. The general situation of the prevention and control period of different diseases, pests and weeds can be determined according to the prediction of the local agricultural department.
4. Pesticide application technology. Scientific application technology is the guarantee of control effect, and only by using pesticides in strict accordance with the operating rules can the ideal control effect be achieved. First of all, we should choose appropriate instruments, such as spraying fungicides with nozzles with smaller droplets; Spray pesticides with a slightly larger nozzle; It is best to spray herbicides with fan-shaped nozzles. Second, it depends on the weather, and it can't be sprayed in wind and rain; Don't spray before it rains; You can't spray dew; You can't spray medicine in the hot sun. Some farmers think that the higher the temperature, the better the insecticidal effect of pesticides, but it is not. When spraying pesticides under high temperature and strong light in summer, most pests stop their surface activities and hide in the cool backlight, so it is difficult to spray pesticides in place. Moreover, the volatilization loss of pesticides at high temperature is large and the medicinal properties are decomposed quickly. So at this time, the efficacy of spraying is reduced. At high temperature, drugs are easily volatilized, and drugs enter the human body through breathing and skin pores, which can easily lead to poisoning of operators. Try to work in sunny and windless conditions, generally at 8- 10 in the morning (after dew dries) and 5-7 in the afternoon (before and after sunset), and choose the time for pest activities. Third, we should adopt corresponding application technology according to different control objects. For example, when controlling diseases, because germs are generally on the back of crop leaves, the back of leaves must be sprayed evenly when applying pesticides; Fruit tree aphids generally occur on twigs; Hawthorn spider mites are mostly on the back of old leaves of fruit trees, so spraying drugs needs to be targeted. Fourth, we should pay attention to the crops around us to avoid phytotoxicity.
5. Safe interval of pesticides. In order to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, we must pay attention to the safe interval of pesticides, that is, the number of days between the last application and crop harvest, that is, the date when pesticides are prohibited before harvest. Only by applying pesticides at safe intervals can pesticide residues not exceed the standard, and the quality and safety of agricultural products can be guaranteed. Different pesticides have different safety intervals and should be used according to pesticide labels.
6. Safety protection. Pesticides are toxic, so we should always pay attention to our own safety protection during use to prevent poisoning. Wear necessary protective clothing, masks and other protective articles; Smoking and eating are prohibited during application; When applying pesticides, it is necessary to stand in the upwind direction and apply pesticides alternately to crops; Change clothes and wash your body in time after application.
Once the waste liquid is treated. After application, the remaining liquid medicine and waste water used to clean the sprayer should be properly treated, and it is not allowed to be dumped at will. Attention should be paid to environmental protection.
In addition, different spraying methods should be adopted according to the specific characteristics of pesticides. Such as sodium nitrophenolate and abscisic acid in plant growth regulators. Sodium nitrophenolate can only take effect quickly when it is above 15℃, so everyone should spray it when the temperature is high. Abscisic acid is easy to decompose when exposed to light, so in the process of use, we must avoid light.
9. Pesticides completely banned (23 kinds): HCH, DDT, toxaphene, dibromochloropropane, chlordimeform, dibromoethane (EDB), herbicide diethyl ether, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparation, arsenic, lead, dichlorvos, fluoroacetamide, glyphosate and tetramine.
10. pesticide restriction (18 species): it is forbidden to use omethoate on Chinese cabbage; Dicofol and fenvalerate are prohibited from being used on tea trees; Prohibit the use of butyryl hydrazine (Bijiu) on peanuts; Terbutaphos is prohibited from being used in sugarcane; It is forbidden to use phorate, methyl isofenphos, tert-butyl phosphorus, methyl thiophosphate, moth-killing phosphorus, internal phosphorus, carbofuran, aldicarb (the protagonist of the "Poisonous Ginger" incident in Shandong), clofenphosphate, methyl thiophosphate, coumaphos, phosphide, chlorfenapyr and phenylphosphorus on vegetables, fruit trees, tea and Chinese herbal medicines.