Generally speaking, disk partitions are only divided into two categories, the main partition and the extended partition. The biggest difference between the two is that the main partition can be set to "active" (so-called "activated"), and "activated" means bootable. There must be at least one primary partition, but at most there can be four.
You cannot use a single extended partition, you must create a logical partition on it. The emergence of logical partitions also increases the number of available partitions, because there is no limit to the number as a primary partition.
In the general case of a computer with Windows installed, only one main partition is divided, that is, drive C, and the rest D, E, F ... are logical partitions (but they all belong to extended partitions).
System partition, as the name implies, can be called system partition when the system is installed. The system partition can be installed on the main partition, which is also the most common. At this time, the primary partition must be activated, otherwise it cannot be booted. It can also be installed on a logical partition, which often happens when using a dual system. Its boot file is stored in the main partition, and its startup depends on the mbr of the main boot partition. It cannot be used when it is installed on a logical partition alone, because the logical partition cannot be activated.