Ecological destruction is easy, and recovery is too difficult! Today, 30 years later, what has Daxinganling become? Recently, the reporter visited the forest area where the fire broke out that year.
The eyes are full of green, but the forest quality needs to be improved.
The reporter visited Daxinganling with the comrades of the local fire prevention office. From a bird's eye view from the helicopter, the white snow and ice at the bottom of the valley began to melt, and the trees all over the mountain turned green. Spring, after more than seven months of severe winter, finally came to this bitter and cold place.
From the scene, the original woodland has formed a natural combination of arbor, shrub and grass. Walking through the forest burned by the fire, except for some scattered charred stumps, the traces of the fire are not obvious; The trees that can be seen are mainly birch trees with a cup mouth thickness and a height of more than ten meters, while seedlings of larch and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mongolia has just begun to appear; Under the forest, low shrubs such as red beans, Du Xiang and wild blueberries can be seen everywhere.
The gradual enrichment of plant species has created conditions for the restoration of local biodiversity. According to local comrades, in recent years, there have been many wild animals here, such as wild rabbits, roe deer and wild boar, and some time ago there were rumors that "black blind people" (black bears) went down the mountain. The grand occasion of "hunting roe deer for fish" is gradually returning. "This is what the forest should look like." This comrade said with emotion.
The reporter found that it has been 30 years since the fire, but there are few big trees in the forest. Zhao Xiaogang, deputy director of the Daxinganling Fire Prevention Office, said that due to the cold weather, it takes about 70 years for birch trees to mature here, and it takes about 100 years for larch and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mongolian almond is ripe. The so-called success is often just the thickness of the bowl, not the big tree you think.
After each fire, the birch trees in Xiyang always germinate first and occupy the fire area in an all-round way; Then larch and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.. Mongolian oak, which likes shade, began to sprout and grow, and it was not until a hundred years later that it gradually replaced birch and became a strong tree species. Coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests are like this, alternating naturally.
Lu, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of Daxing 'anling State Committee, told the reporter that by the end of 20 16, 654.38+million mu of artificial afforestation, replanting and reforestation/kloc-0.49 million mu and forest tending 1856 mu had been completed in the whole region. The forest coverage rate has reached about 82%, which can be described as green, but the forest quality needs to be improved.
"The forest now belongs to the budding forest in its infancy, and the timber accumulation per hectare is only about 30% of that of the mature forest. It still takes decades, two or three generations to take care of trees. "
To prevent fire and wind, we must grasp the ecological law and protect the forest.
Forests fear fire most. In the spring and summer of this year, a small fire broke out in Daxinganling, which touched the hearts of the people all over the country. ?
Daxinganling forest region in Heilongjiang Province is located in the northern border of China, covering an area of more than 80,000 square kilometers. It is one of the main distribution areas of natural forests in China, and has been developed as a timber forest base since 1964. 1987 After the fire, the logging value in this forest area was greatly reduced. Take amuer Forest Farm, one of the three local forest farms, as an example. It was originally planned to cut 100 years, but 10 was hit by a fire many years later, so it became useless and suffered heavy losses.
After learning from a painful experience, the local fire prevention office was quickly established and a multi-level target management responsibility system was established. A professional forest fire fighting team of 6,345 people15 * * * was set up, which increased the input of manpower and material resources. According to statistics, at present, 326 watchtowers, 45 checkpoints/kloc-0, 3 aviation forest protection airports, equipped with special fire engines 1545, 34,000 fire-fighting machinery and 3,988 sets of fire-fighting communication equipment have been built in the whole region, forming a three-level fire-fighting communication network covering the whole region, as well as ground patrol, mountain observation and aircraft observation.
"Fire prevention is not easy, and kung fu is in peacetime." According to Han Mingtao, captain of Fukeshan duty station of Mohe Brigade of Daxinganling detachment of Heilongjiang Forest Corps of Armed Police, over 30 years, small fires 100 have been put out in Daxinganling area, and no major fires have occurred. Besides proper emergency measures, the reason is also related to "burning" to remove the deposits under the forest and paying attention to setting up fire isolation belts.
How to treat the burnt forest land is also deeply understood in practice. Hua Zhengguo, inspector of Mohe County Fire Prevention Office, said that fire is a natural disaster, but it also has certain ecological value. For example, after each fire, 80% of the "burning wood" did not die, and in the next spring, it could germinate and survive, with few pests and diseases. Therefore, these "fake trees" should not be cut down casually.
After the fire in Daxinganling forest area, the ecosystem is extremely fragile. According to reports, in the local low-lying meadow area, there is a layer of frozen soil with a thickness of about 2 meters. The vegetation grows in the shallow soil layer on the frozen soil layer, and the depth of the main root is generally not more than 1 meter. Strong winds often blow down tens of thousands of hectares of trees.
"In order to make the forest healthy, it is necessary not only to prevent fire, but also to prevent wind and lodging in forest management and protection." Zhao Xiaogang said that only by mastering the ecological laws can we protect this forest. For example, measures such as "enclosure", artificial afforestation and mixed conifers and broadleaves should be taken to ensure the healthy growth of forests and accelerate forest restoration.
Putting down the axe, the road to green transformation is getting wider and wider.
Daxinganling, reborn from the ashes, has a bumpy road to development. In 20 14, the state completely stopped commercial logging in Daxing' anling forest region, and people in Daxing' anling are facing a new round of severe test: how to get out of the past "single-tree economy", and what is more worrying is that due to the economic recession and employment difficulties, there has also been a phenomenon of population loss. Taking Mohe County as an example, the population loss is about 20%, and the return rate of college graduates is only 10%.
Facing the new situation and new problems, where will Daxing 'anling go?
"The roe deer catches fish, and the pheasant flies into the rice pot"-Daxinganling on the tip of the tongue, how can it make people hungry? "Rhododendrons are blooming all over the mountain, and blueberries are fragrant and drunk with autumn insects"-Daxing 'anling on the finger, how can it not be tempting? "The boundless forest is boundless, and the boundless chapter is uprooted"-how can no one appreciate the beautiful Daxinganling Mountains?
According to its own resources, the local government has vigorously promoted six major industries, such as characteristic breeding, eco-tourism and biopharmaceuticals, and the forestry-related "business" in Daxinganling is booming.
Wild fruits under the forest have become "golden berries". 80% of the wild blueberries in the world are in China, and 80% of the wild blueberries in China are in Daxinganling. This generous gift from nature every year has become the green wealth of tens of thousands of people in Daxinganling. Ren Jingui, an employee of Gulian Forest Farm in Mohe County, calculated an account: he can earn more than 30,000 yuan a year picking blueberries, which is similar to his annual salary.
Ice and snow are resources. Tuqiang Forestry Bureau in Daxing 'anling cooperated with an enterprise in Zhejiang to raise Arctic foxes 1 0.2 million at extremely low temperature, with an annual output value of about1100 million yuan, which solved the re-employment problem of more than 500 employees. "1 fox is worth 1 tree, which is very cost-effective." Liu Guozhong, director of the Industrial Development Division of Tuqiang Forestry Bureau, said that 1 piece of fox fur can be sold around 240 yuan, and the income from selling 1 tree is similar. The collar made of arctic fox fur is warm and soft, which is very popular in the high-end clothing market.
Geographical location is also a kind of resource. Mohe County, located in the northernmost part of China, is rich in tourism resources such as extreme day and night, rivers and forests. After vigorous promotion, it has attracted a large number of domestic and foreign tourists to "seek the north". According to Zhang Lei, director of Mohe County Tourism Bureau, the total output value of local tourism develops rapidly at a rate of 20%-30% every year. There are more than 3,000 local people directly engaged in tourism, and 30,000 employees in related industries. The driving role of tourism is obvious. ?
Putting down the axe and chainsaw, from woodcutter to ranger, from forest to market, the green transformation of Daxinganling people is getting wider and wider. Say goodbye to the "single-plank bridge" and embark on the "broad road"!