Since 1998, faced with the impact of the Asian financial crisis, insufficient effective domestic demand and prominent economic structural contradictions, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have taken the overall situation into consideration, sized up the situation, implemented the policy of expanding domestic demand in a timely and decisive manner, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. At the same time, we continued to open wider to the outside world and successfully stabilized the overall situation of reform, development and stability. Under the situation that world trade and investment continue to be depressed, trade protectionism intensifies, international commodity prices fall, and exchange rates of major international currencies fluctuate greatly, a series of policies and measures to expand exports, such as increasing export tax rebate rate, have been decisively adopted, and foreign trade has made great progress, established its status as a trading power, and rapidly improved its international competitiveness.
1. Implement market diversification strategy, strive to consolidate traditional markets, vigorously explore emerging markets, and reduce international market risks. Under the premise of the accelerated development of economic globalization, the correlation between national economies is getting stronger and stronger, and a country's economic crisis or change is likely to become a regional or global disaster. Under the situation that the world political and economic uncertainty is increasing and the world market is changing rapidly, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council put forward an important strategy in 1992, that is, to implement the market diversification strategy, while actively exploring the international market, to reduce or avoid the possible impact of world uncertainty on China's exports. Especially in the five years since 1998, the market diversification strategy has been further promoted. On the basis of consolidating and developing traditional markets such as the United States, Japan and Europe, we have further explored potential markets such as Russia, India, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East, and at the same time paid attention to strengthening economic and trade relations with developing countries. Exports to the United States and Japan increased from/kloc-0 to $654.38 billion and $32.69 billion and $365.438 billion and $820 million respectively in 1997 to $69.95 billion and $48.44 billion in 2002. The total import and export volume to Russia and India increased from $654.38+200 million and $654.38+830 million in197 to $654.38+930 million and $4.94 billion in 2002 respectively. The diversified pattern of China's import and export commodity market has basically taken shape. In 1980, there were 29 countries and regions whose exports or imports exceeded 1 billion dollars. By 2000 1 year, the number of countries and regions whose exports or imports exceeded1billion dollars rose to 86 and 67 respectively. In 2002, among the countries (regions) of China's export commodities, the United States accounted for 2 1.5%, Hong Kong accounted for 18%, Japan accounted for 14.9%, the European Union accounted for 14.8%, ASEAN accounted for 7.2% and South Korea accounted for 4.8%. Except Canada, the trade volume with 10 trading partners has maintained double-digit growth, accounting for 85.2% of China's total foreign trade import and export value.
2. Implement the strategy of winning by quality and promoting trade through science and technology, optimize the structure of export commodities, and enhance the international competitiveness of export commodities. At the end of 1980s, the structure of China's export commodities achieved its first fundamental transformation, that is, from primary products to finished products. In recent 10 years, especially since 1998, the government has formulated a series of policies and measures to further optimize the structure of export commodities. First, continue to make great efforts to improve the export of mechanical and electrical products. Formulate policies to increase the export tax rebate rate of machinery and equipment, electrical and electronic products, means of transport, instruments and meters to 17% and agricultural machinery to 13%. Encourage export enterprises of mechanical and electrical products to increase investment in scientific research. If the average annual growth rate of R&D expenses is above 10%, the taxable income will be deducted by 50% of the actual amount. Actively encourage electromechanical export enterprises to pass the quality system, environmental protection and safety certification, accelerate the cultivation of a number of backbone enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and strong core competitiveness, expand the market share of famous brand electromechanical products, and promote the export of large-scale complete sets of equipment, communications and electronic products. The second is to improve the export capacity of high-tech products. Accelerate the construction of export bases for high-tech products and fully implement policies to encourage the development of software industry and integrated circuit industry. The third is to increase the application of high-tech and advanced applicable technologies to transform traditional industries. Do a good job in the in-depth development of important resource-intensive and labor-intensive products and agricultural products, and enhance the technical content and added value of China's traditional exports. These policies and measures have effectively promoted the implementation of the strategy of winning by quality and promoting trade through science and technology, and greatly enhanced the international competitiveness of China's export commodities. Export commodities are changing from rough processing and low value-added products to deep processing, high value-added and high-tech products. Mechanical and electrical products have become the largest export commodity category in China for nine consecutive years. In 2002, the export of mechanical and electrical products was $65.438+057.08 billion, accounting for 48.2% of the total national export from 65.438+0997, and the contribution rate to the overall export growth in that year was 64.4%. High-tech products have become new export growth points, maintaining an average annual growth rate of more than 25%, and the proportion of export commodities has increased from 8.9% in 1997 to 20.8%. The export trend of traditional commodities is obvious. In 2002, the export of clothing was US$ 465,438+US$ 065,438+US$ 900 million, the export of textile yarns, fabrics and products was US$ 20.58 billion, the export of shoes was US$ 65,438+US$ 900 million, the export of plastic products was US$ 6.05 billion, and the export of toys was US$ 5.57 billion, respectively. China's actual and potential comparative advantages are being transformed into competitive advantages, and it has been the world's largest exporter of labor-intensive products such as textiles, clothing, shoes, watches, bicycles and sewing machines for many years. In recent years, the export of mobile phones, CD players, monitors, air conditioners, containers, optical components, power tools, small household appliances and other electromechanical products has also risen to the top in the world. The export of color TV sets, motorcycles and other commodities ranks second in the world.
3. Deepen the reform of the foreign trade system, promote the diversification of business entities and trade methods, and improve the ability to explore the international market. First, the way of market access has been improved. Further expand the right to operate foreign trade and economic cooperation, and gradually realize the transformation of import and export business qualifications from the examination and approval system to the registration system. On the basis of implementing the registration system of import and export management rights for large and medium-sized state-owned production enterprises, commercial enterprises and scientific research institutes, and granting import and export management rights to private enterprises that meet certain conditions, the management measures of import and export management rights are in line with international standards. At present, the number of domestic enterprises (including foreign trade enterprises, foreign economic enterprises, production enterprises, township enterprises, private enterprises, etc.). The number of enterprises with the right to operate foreign trade has increased from more than 6,000 in the early 1990s to more than 60,000, initially forming an economic and trade pattern in which enterprises of various ownership participate in exploring the international market. Second, continue to promote the reform of the foreign trade management system and state-owned foreign trade and economic enterprises. Complete the decoupling of foreign trade and economic cooperation departments from directly affiliated enterprises, accelerate the transformation of government functions, reform the administrative examination and approval system, and focus on solving the problem of attaching importance to examination and approval but neglecting services. Establish and improve the monitoring system of foreign trade operation, the rapid response mechanism to deal with trade frictions, the early warning mechanism of international payments and the industrial relief and protection mechanism, and establish a foreign economic and trade system that adapts to the development of the socialist market economy and conforms to international trade norms. Intensify the reform of customs clearance operations, and steadily promote various supporting reforms such as "fast customs clearance", "convenient customs clearance", "paperless customs clearance" and "networked supervision". We will continue to deepen the reform of the foreign exchange management system, establish a foreign exchange revenue and expenditure information management system, speed up networking with banks, customs and other departments, and improve the level of foreign exchange management. Create a better environment for China enterprises to participate in international market competition. Vigorously promote the reform of intermediary organizations, strengthen the industry self-discipline mechanism, expand the intermediary service function, and give full play to the positive role of intermediary organizations in information, service, coordination and responding to lawsuits. The third is the diversification of trade methods. China's general trade, processing trade and border trade maintained rapid development. In 2002, China's general trade exports accounted for 4 1.8% of the total exports, processing trade exports accounted for 55.3%, and border trade and other trade exports accounted for 2.9%. At the same time, more and more goods from China enter the transnational chain operation network. In 2002, the number of buyers of multinational retail groups in China reached more than 30 billion US dollars, accounting for more than 10% of the total export. E-commerce has been widely used. At present, more than 40% of China's import and export enterprises have carried out e-commerce, which has improved the speed, efficiency and quality of import and export.
4. Adopt international rules, timely introduce policies to encourage exports, and mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to expand exports. The Asian financial crisis occurred on 1998. In the second half of that year, China's foreign trade exports experienced a negative growth for nearly 20 years. The export growth rate of 1998 suddenly dropped from 2 1% in 1997 to 0.5%, which affected the economic growth of that year by about 2 percentage points. China's ability to cope with changes in the external environment is still relatively poor. In order to reverse this situation, while expanding domestic demand, we have stepped up efforts to explore the international market. Over the past five years, the State Council and relevant ministries and commissions have successively issued more than 0/00 policy documents, which is the most frequent period since the reform and opening up. First, the RMB does not depreciate, and the export tax rebate rate is greatly increased. The comprehensive tax rebate rate will be increased from 8.2% to 15.2%, and the methods of exemption, credit and tax refund will be fully implemented for self-operated exports of production enterprises, and priority will be given to export tax rebates for key export enterprises with large export scale and good reputation. Starting from 200 1, "foreign-funded enterprises" established before 1994 also began to implement the policy of tax exemption and tax refund, with a cumulative tax refund of more than 400 billion yuan in five years. The second is to strengthen financial services and financial support for export enterprises. Actively expand export credit and credit insurance, and use various credit methods to support the export of high-tech products. In order to support small and medium-sized enterprises, especially those that produce and operate high-tech products, to expand their exports and explore the international market, the Central Foreign Trade Development Fund has set up a special fund of 500 million yuan, and given discount support. This fund is supplemented by the Central Development Fund 10% every year. Third, under the ever-changing international situation, it is necessary to maintain the continuity and stability of policies, and at the same time strengthen coordination and cooperation among various departments to give full play to the comprehensive role of various policies. Fourth, crack down on illegal and criminal activities such as smuggling and arbitrage, and rectify and standardize the foreign trade market order. These policies have played an important role in China enterprises to seize opportunities, meet challenges and overcome difficulties in the international market.
These measures have greatly enhanced the international competitiveness of China enterprises and products, and transformed China from a weak ability to cope with the international environment to an increasingly strong ability to resist international risks. 200 1 In the face of the world economic slowdown, the economic decline of major trading partners, the continuous shrinking of the international market and the severe external environment affected by the US "9. 1 1", foreign trade has not slowed down, but has increased by 6.8% compared with 2000, ranking from197th in the world/kloc-. China's international dependence on foreign trade is close to 50%, of which exports reach about 25%, which is 5 percentage points higher than the world average. According to World Bank data, from 1980 to 2000, China's contribution rate to global trade and service growth was 6.9%, ranking second in the world (14.4% in the United States and 4.7% in Japan). The contribution rate to the world GDP growth is also second only to the United States, reaching 14% (20.7% in the United States and 7% in Japan). In 2002, the national net revenue from customs duties and import links was 259.06 billion yuan, and in the five years since 1998, the net revenue collected by customs was nearly 1 trillion yuan. China's foreign exchange reserves increased from165,438+1398.9 billion dollars in 1997 to 286.4 billion dollars by the end of 2002, ranking second in the world.
Second, expand the scale of foreign capital utilization, focus on improving the quality of foreign capital utilization and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of foreign capital absorption.
Active, rational and effective use of foreign capital is an important part of China's opening-up policy. In the past five years, according to the new characteristics of international capital flow, we have seized the opportunity to expand the scale of foreign capital utilization and reached a new level.
1. Guide the direction of foreign investment and strive to improve the quality of foreign investment. Combine the utilization of foreign capital with the promotion of economic restructuring and industrial optimization and upgrading, with the coordinated development of the western and regional economies, and with the acceleration of the reorganization and transformation of state-owned enterprises. The State Council issued the Notice on Further Encouraging Foreign Investment at Present, and promulgated the newly revised Provisions on Guiding Foreign Investment. The State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation jointly issued a new catalogue of industries for foreign investment, and the State Planning Commission issued the tenth five-year plan for the utilization of foreign capital and foreign investment, taking various effective measures to optimize the industrial structure of foreign investment. Guide foreign investors to invest in modern agriculture, high-tech industries and supporting industries, infrastructure, basic industries, environmental protection industries and export-oriented industries encouraged by the state. Encourage foreign businessmen to introduce, develop and innovate technology, set up capital-intensive projects, set up more advanced technology-based projects, develop labor-intensive processing and manufacturing industries, promote the localization of raw materials for foreign-invested enterprises, and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to support large foreign-invested enterprises. Encourage foreign investors to invest in the central and western regions, strive to create conditions for the central and western regions to expand the absorption of foreign capital, continuously relax the domestic financing conditions for foreign-invested projects in the central and western regions, and increase the industrial policy inclination to the central and western regions. Promote foreign investment in scientific and technological projects such as infrastructure, mineral resources, tourism resources development, ecological environment protection and agricultural and livestock products processing in the western region. Encourage foreign businessmen to participate in West-to-East Gas Transmission and West-to-East Power Transmission and their supporting projects. Encourage foreign-invested enterprises established in coastal areas to reinvest in the central and western regions. Encourage foreign investors to participate in the restructuring and transformation of state-owned enterprises, support large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to use foreign capital in various ways to reorganize assets, revitalize existing assets, change operating mechanisms, improve management level, promote technological transformation and upgrading of enterprises, and form new advantageous industries and enterprises. Focus on introducing advanced technology, modern management experience, modern market operation mode and specialized talents. In recent years, foreign-invested enterprises have greatly accelerated the transfer of advanced technology to China. In 200 1 year, 42% of foreign-funded enterprises used the most advanced technology of their parent company, and this proportion has increased to over 70% since 2002. The number of patents applied by foreign-funded enterprises and high-tech enterprises accounts for about 2/3 of the total number of patents applied by high-tech industries in China. Foreign-invested enterprises account for 65% and 80% of China's exports of mechanical and electrical products and high-tech products respectively, which has promoted the improvement of China's export commodity structure.
2. Gradually open up new areas for the utilization of foreign capital, and constantly expand the scale of the utilization of foreign capital. According to the needs of reform and opening up and China's foreign commitments after China's accession to the WTO, combined with the characteristics and development levels of different industries, we will gradually promote the opening up of financial, insurance, securities, telecommunications, circulation, foreign trade, tourism, accounting, lawyers, medical care, education, transportation, modern logistics and other service fields. In the field of finance and insurance, the restrictions on foreign banks and foreign insurance companies in terms of service targets and regions will be gradually lifted, foreign participation in the shareholding system reform of domestic commercial banks will be promoted in a timely manner, and all kinds of insurance companies with conditions will be encouraged to introduce foreign capital. By the end of 2002 10, there were 18 1 foreign banks operating in China, and 53 foreign banks were allowed to operate RMB business. Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Dalian, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Qingdao, Nanjing and Wuhan have opened RMB business to foreign banks. In the field of circulation, encourage and guide foreign investment in modern logistics, chain operation and e-commerce, gradually increase foreign investment in commercial retail enterprises, and allow production enterprises to establish their own sales channels, including professional wholesale, retail and maintenance service systems. According to the survey, 70% of the 50 largest retail enterprises in the world have landed in China. Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Metro, Puls Matt, Ito Yokado, Auchan and other multinational retail enterprises have all accelerated their investment expansion in the China market. The opening up of other service areas is also accelerating. At present, the distribution of industries actually absorbing foreign capital in China is: primary industry 1.9%, secondary industry 63.3% and tertiary industry 34.8% (29.2% in 2006, 5438+0), and service industry has become a hot spot of foreign capital. The expansion of the field of opening up has created more business opportunities for foreign-invested enterprises and expanded the scale of foreign investment. From 1998 to 2002, the accumulated actually utilized foreign capital was 226 1 100 million yuan, exceeding the sum of 1979- 1997. In 2000, the global foreign direct investment (FDI) was 1.492 billion US dollars, and in 2006 it was 5438+0, which dropped to 735 billion US dollars, the largest decline in 30 years. In 2002, it further dropped to $534 billion, a decrease of 27% compared with 200 1 year. Under this circumstance, China ranked first among developing countries in attracting foreign investment for nine consecutive years, reaching $52.7 billion in 2002, up by 12.5 1% year-on-year, surpassing the United States for the first time and becoming the most attractive foreign investment destination country in the world. By the end of 2002, 424 196 foreign-invested enterprises had been approved in China, with contracted foreign capital of 828.06 billion US dollars and actually used foreign capital of 447.966 billion US dollars.
3. Actively explore new ways of foreign investment, and constantly broaden the channels of utilizing foreign capital. Adapt to the new characteristics and trends of international transnational investment, actively explore new ways to attract foreign investment, such as acquisition, merger, investment fund, securities investment and venture capital, continue to encourage and expand foreign investment in infrastructure by means of BOT, project financing and transfer of infrastructure management rights, and continue to utilize foreign capital by means of cooperation, joint venture, international leasing, compensation trade and processing and assembly. We will steadily use the international securities market to introduce foreign capital, allow foreign-invested enterprises to list on the domestic securities market, and promote the overseas listing of domestic enterprises. Encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to adopt various forms of foreign joint ventures and cooperation, develop supporting industries and enter the international supporting procurement network. Select a group of state-owned enterprises, especially large state-owned enterprises, which have completed the process of corporate restructuring or reorganization, and sell part of their shares to foreign investors in a planned way. Except for important enterprises related to national security and economic lifeline, which must be controlled by the Chinese side, other enterprises can be controlled by foreign parties. In order to standardize and popularize new investment methods, the relevant ministries and commissions in the State Council have successively promulgated the Interim Provisions on the Establishment of Foreign-invested Venture Capital Enterprises, Several Opinions on Overseas Investment of Listed Companies, Interim Provisions on Domestic Investment of Foreign-invested Enterprises, Interim Provisions on Financial Asset Management Companies to Absorb Foreign Capital to Participate in Asset Restructuring and Disposal, Interim Provisions on the Establishment of Foreign-invested Investment Companies and Rules for the Establishment of Foreign-shared Securities Companies. The pattern of multi-channel and multi-form utilization of foreign capital has been formed. Foreign investment is playing an increasingly important role in China's social and economic life. At present, the export volume of foreign-invested enterprises accounts for 52% of China's total export volume, industrial added value accounts for 25% of China's industrial added value, and tax revenue accounts for 20% of China's tax revenue, providing employment opportunities for nearly 23 million people, accounting for 10% of the national urban working population.
4. Encourage large multinational companies to invest in China and increase the proportion of multinational companies' investment. Intensify efforts to attract investment from multinational companies, encourage multinational companies to transfer their manufacturing bases, R&D centers and regional operation centers to China, accelerate the establishment of international export procurement centers, and promote multinational companies to integrate China into the global production and procurement chain. Encourage multinational companies to participate in the restructuring and transformation of state-owned enterprises by transferring shares and buying out assets, and transfer advanced technology and advanced management experience to state-owned enterprises. Encourage multinational companies to invest in transforming traditional agriculture, establish modern agricultural enterprise groups through joint ventures and cooperation, and improve the level of agricultural industrialization. Encourage multinational companies to invest in basic industries such as petrochemicals, chemicals and building materials, and invest in high-tech industries such as electronic information, bioengineering, new materials and aerospace. Encourage multinational companies to invest in the central and western regions. Among the top 500 multinational companies, more than 400 have invested in China, 300 investment companies have been established, and more than 400 R&D centers have been established, including more than 50 independent R&D institutions/KLOC-0. R&D Center began to develop new products for global manufacturing system and improved patented technology for China market. Multinational companies that have invested heavily in China and have a high market share in China have increased their investment in China. Automobile, large-scale IT projects, large-scale petrochemical projects, mobile phones, pharmaceuticals, large-scale integrated circuits and other fields have become the areas where multinational companies invest the most. According to the needs of global strategy, multinational companies are further adjusting their business strategies or tactics in China, making their investment projects in China systematic, centralized in investment areas, diversified in investment methods and integrated in investment management system. The number of investment projects in China by Fortune 500 companies has reached 25 19. At present, China has become an important manufacturing base of finished products in the world. 200 1, and the export of manufactured goods accounts for 7.5% of the world.
5. Efforts should be made to improve the foreign investment environment and increase policy transparency. In particular, the soft investment environment has been greatly improved, which is a fundamental and effective measure to enhance the attractiveness of foreign investment. First, comprehensively clean up foreign investment laws and regulations, so that the policy of attracting foreign investment conforms to the principle of transparency. The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Chinese-foreign Joint Ventures, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Chinese-foreign Joint Ventures and the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Chinese-foreign Joint Ventures and their implementing rules (or regulations) were revised. Relevant departments in the State Council have cleared more than 2,300 foreign-related economic laws and regulations, of which 850 were abolished and 325 were amended. The local government also carried out relevant clean-up work according to the requirements of the State Council. At the same time, a series of foreign investment policies and laws and regulations have been promulgated and improved, and a number of laws and regulations have been formulated to attract foreign investment in service trade, such as Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-invested Telecommunications Enterprises, Interim Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-invested Cinemas, Interim Measures on the Examination and Approval of Foreign-invested Leasing Companies, Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-invested International Freight Forwarders and Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-funded Insurance Companies. The second is to accelerate the transformation of government functions. Further simplify the examination and approval procedures for foreign investment and implement a standardized and standardized examination and approval system; Simplify the examination and approval of project establishment, feasibility study report and contract articles of association, reduce arbitrariness, reduce management levels and improve the examination and approval methods of foreign-funded projects; Pay attention to maintaining the stability, continuity, predictability and operability of foreign investment policies, create a good policy environment and legal environment, and unify an open and fair market environment. The third is to implement national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises. The foreign exchange balance limit, "local content", export performance requirements and production plan filing requirements of foreign-invested enterprises were abolished, the tax rates of domestic and foreign-funded enterprises were gradually unified, various discriminatory policies and differential treatment were abolished, and financial support for foreign-funded enterprises was increased. Protect intellectual property rights and protect the rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises according to law. Standardize the behavior of attracting investment and adopt modern electronic technology to improve the effectiveness of attracting investment.
Third, implement the "going out" strategy to further expand the space for economic development.
Implementing the "going out" strategy is an important decision made by the central government on the basis of a profound analysis of the international and domestic political and economic situation. To open wider to the outside world under the new situation, we must accelerate the implementation of the strategy of "going out" to explore the international market while "bringing in".
1. Encourage qualified enterprises to "go global" to carry out transnational operations, give play to their comparative advantages, and promote the export of technology, equipment, goods and services in China. Encourage and support enterprises of all types of ownership to "go global" to invest and set up factories overseas, carry out various economic and technological cooperation, make more use of foreign resources and markets, and mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of enterprises to explore the international market. At present, China's overseas investment has reached a considerable scale. By the end of 2002, China had established 6,960 overseas enterprises, with a total agreed investment of US$ 654.38+03.78 billion, and China's agreed investment of US$ 9.34 billion. China has more than 30,000 enterprises engaged in transnational operations. A number of enterprises such as PetroChina, Sinopec, Huayuan, Haier, Wanxiang, Yuanda Air Conditioning, New Hope and Huawei have made important progress in exploring the international market. The focus of overseas investment is shifting from Hong Kong, Macao, the Middle East and North America to developing countries such as Asia-Pacific, Africa and Latin America, covering more than 80 countries and regions.
2. Gradually broaden the field of overseas investment, encourage enterprises to explore the market in various forms, and form a diversified investment pattern. Encourage enterprises to develop from being engaged in import and export trade, catering and labor service contracting at first to investing and setting up factories, overseas processing and assembly, overseas resource development, overseas contracted projects, foreign labor service cooperation, setting up overseas R&D centers, establishing international marketing networks, providing overseas consulting services, foreign agricultural cooperation, satellite communication and many other fields. Transnational operations are carried out through joint ventures, cooperation, equity participation, mergers and acquisitions, technology transfer, etc., involving industries including trade, industry, agriculture, resource development, transportation, tourism, consulting, contracting labor services, etc. In particular, positive progress has been made in the development and utilization of foreign resources such as oil and gas, iron ore and forests. For example, the oil field developed by PetroChina overseas produces crude oil16.23 million tons, exceeding the output of the third largest oil field in China. In 200 1 year, China and Russia signed an oil pipeline agreement from Russia to China, and China will participate in the development of Russian oil fields. CITIC Group, forestry groups in Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province have also invested in forestry development projects in Africa, South America, New Zealand and Russia.
3. Promote the development of foreign contracted projects and labor cooperation, and intensify efforts to explore the international project contracting market. Encourage and support enterprises to carry out overseas design consulting, project contracting and labor cooperation, focusing on general contracting projects, large-scale projects and general contracting projects for the export of complete sets of equipment, technologies and services, and promote the development of foreign contracting and labor cooperation to scale and level. Encourage enterprises to gradually change from subcontracting to construction general contracting and the whole process of "consulting, design, procurement and construction", and the project management mode will gradually develop to high-level projects such as project management and BOT. According to the statistics of the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, by the end of 2002, China had signed a total of1147.8 billion USD, with a turnover of 827.2 billion USD. The contract value of foreign labor service cooperation is 29.52 billion US dollars, the turnover is 23.76 billion US dollars, and there are 2.734 million expatriates. At present, 39 enterprises in China have entered the list of the world's largest 225 international contractors selected by Engineering News-Records magazine, and 1 1 enterprises have entered the top 200 international engineering consulting designers. China Construction, Harbor, CNPC International, Machinery and Equipment, Shanghai Construction Engineering and other large-scale professional engineering companies have all entered the top 10 in the world.
4. Improve various policies and measures to support enterprises to "go global" and create a good external environment. First, formulate promotion measures to enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises. Set up special funds for overseas processing and assembly, foreign contracted projects, export credit and export credit insurance, international market development funds for small and medium-sized enterprises, and foreign aid joint ventures and cooperation funds. Give full play to the role of commercial loans, preferential loans, interest-free loans and development assistance, and encourage enterprises to contract capital and large projects abroad. Qualified enterprises are allowed to raise funds in domestic and foreign capital markets and use international commercial loans to increase capital. The second is to strengthen information and policy services and guide enterprises to choose target markets and projects. Give full play to the role of foreign business organizations, business associations and various intermediary organizations to provide information, legal, financial, intellectual property and certification services for enterprises. Accelerate the establishment of an information service network system, expand information collection channels, and provide enterprises with information such as overseas business environment, policy environment, project cooperation opportunities, and partner qualifications. The third is to establish a guarantee mechanism to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises. Make full use of China's rights in the WTO, strengthen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade consultations, and reduce and eliminate various foreign trade barriers. Strengthen consular protection, formulate measures for the implementation of consular protection for overseas enterprises and personnel, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of overseas enterprises and personnel in China.
After 15 years' efforts, China joined the WTO on February 20th, 2006. This is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in the face of economic globalization, multi-polarization of the world and further domestic reform and opening up, which has promoted all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening up. Over the past year or so, while fulfilling its commitments, China has begun to use its rights to turn challenges into opportunities, actively participate in the new round of multilateral trade negotiations, make full use of the rights of WTO members, and safeguard its legitimate rights and interests. Agricultural products, automobiles and service industries, which were originally worried about, have not been overtaken, but have gained new development opportunities and achieved smooth operation. Actively using WTO rules such as anti-dumping, countervailing, safeguard measures and technical standards to participate in international market competition has created a better external environment. The domestic market is open in an orderly manner in accordance with the WTO commitments, and the restrictions on foreign investment are gradually being lifted. While reducing tariffs, non-tariff barriers have also been greatly reduced. China's accession to the WTO has brought China's opening to the outside world into a new historical stage and injected new impetus into the development of the national economy. A more open country full of economic vitality and investment opportunities is emerging in the world.