What is art? Art has two interpretations. In a broad sense, it means that all activities and production involving technology and thinking are called art, which is very close to the meaning of "technology". In a narrow sense, it means that any activity with aesthetic value and its products can show the creator's thoughts and feelings and give people a kind of * * *, which is the so-called art. Art is a presentation of "beauty", but the so-called "beauty" in art includes natural beauty and artificial beauty. Art cannot grow and exist independently from life and nature. A person's spirit can be divided into reason (truth), will (goodness) and emotion (beauty). The first two are mainly ideas, while the latter is less. "willfulness" is an emotional torrent expressed through media and forms, which transcends the ideological fetters of reason and will. First, art is based on the expression of feelings, which is one of the important factors in artistic creation, but the feelings it expresses are beautiful feelings; Through the materials, forms, contents and techniques of beauty, the concrete presentation of aesthetic experience is presented. Good works of art are eternal and universal. 2. Art classification: eight major arts: music, sculpture, architecture, dance, literature, painting, drama and film. According to the media factors, it can be divided into:-time art (artoftm 1e) and space art: German playwright G.E. Sheen divides art into two categories: time art (artoft and e) (music, drama and dance) and space art (painting, sculpture and architecture). Plastic Arts and Rhythm Arts: Plastic Arts: paintings, sculptures, architecture and other works of art that are mainly based on the external forms of art; Rhythm Arts: People can be moved by the combination of rhythm processes such as melody, rhythm, beat, timbre, rhetoric and meter, such as music and literature. A kind of static art and a kind of moving art (opal art)-Western art and Eastern art are classified according to the senses: a kind of vision (painting, literature, architecture, drama)-hearing (music)-touch (sculpture, architecture)-comprehensive senses (movies, dances, dramas, etc.). ) pure art and practical art:-pure art: pure expression of "beauty". Such as painting, installation art, performance art, etc. -Practical art: refers to the performance restricted by practical functions or commercial purposes. This kind of art must be engaged in artistic creation according to the object or purpose of use, and it is difficult to express itself completely freely, such as architecture, embroidery, printing, animation, advertising, food and so on. 3. The most important functions provided by functional art are touching beauty, insisting on goodness and pursuing truth. According to social class, education level and functional value of works, art can be divided into three categories: l FineArts: its development history is generally called "art history". Exquisite art has a long history and clear historical inheritance and appreciation principles. A few art elites show their creativity or belong to a specific ethnic group (or intellectual) in society. The general public must receive considerable education and training to understand and appreciate it, otherwise it will be difficult to fully appreciate its aesthetic value. Its exhibition place must be in a specific place, such as an art museum or gallery. Folk art: It has great universality, and it was created by the middle and lower classes who have not received art training or even education. The creative purposes are different, some are related to religious beliefs, some are related to folk customs, some are purely to beautify the living environment, and some are to express their love for the opposite sex. Accustomed to conveying cultural customs or folk beliefs, I like to use visual vocabulary familiar to local people. Therefore, the originality of folk art is often attached to the characteristics of group culture, and its creative form or content is mostly passed down from generation to generation, and its creative style is continuous and stable, so its conservatism is greater than originality. But it is precisely because most folk artists have not received formal painting training that they will develop original works, which are more innovative and original. Its exhibition place must also be in a fixed place such as a folk cultural center or a private place. Popular art: the product of the prosperity of modern science and technology. The difference between popular art and the above two is that it can be produced on a large scale through the process of mechanization of industrial development. Such as advertisements, posters, illustrations, television, movies, fashion design, packaging design, cover design, animation and so on. The biggest feature of these artistic products is that they can be produced in large quantities in a unified way, and the places and ways of their display are not limited by any existing system. Generally, a wall, a bus shell, a post, a mailbox and so on can be the places where they appear. Popular art, with its fast and convenient features, has quickly entered the life of modern people, and sometimes even children who have not received any training can recognize it. However, because it needs to consider the aesthetic quality of most people, aesthetic quality sometimes tends to be popular, and it is considered as a functional practical art, which is different from pure art (art). 4. The origin of artistic creation 1. Religious ceremonies: altars, temples, statues and dance ceremonies. Imitation of nature: cave murals, various totems 3. Practical purposes: transmitting information, decorating and making a living 4. Self-expression: emotional venting, boasting 5. Content of artistic creation 1. Belief in religious myths. Fear of death and disease. Criticism of social image. Reflection on life culture. Presentation of visual beauty. The creation of virtual dreams. Description of natural scenery. Aestheticists' definition of art: Aristotle I "Art is the imitation of nature" Lessen I "Art is based on beauty and complete nature" Schiller "Art is the harmony between emotion and reason" Schelling "Art is in a limited material and contains infinite spirit" Hegel "Art is the intuitive expression of absolute spirit" Schopenhauer "Art is the temporary release agent that makes us forget the reality" Tolstoy "Art is the means for human beings to convey emotions. -Usually, art history only studies space art or plastic arts, such as architecture, sculpture, painting and calligraphy, and does not discuss literature, music, movies, drama and dance, but it does not ignore the relationship between these art forms and space art. The task of art history is to analyze and explain works of art and pay attention to the materials, techniques, artists, time and place of production, significance or function of works. Therefore, art history should also discuss the genre, era and cultural background of artistic works, even the relationship between works belonging to the same genre, era and cultural background and artistic works, but don't forget the individual aesthetic characteristics of artistic works-the research scope of art history includes architectural history, sculpture history, painting history, craft history, calligraphy history and seal cutting history, involving artists, artworks, artistic theories, artistic trends, artistic schools, etc. -Art history needs the guidance of philosophy, aesthetics and art theory, and involves art criticism. But it focuses on specific works to illustrate the development of art, which is different from professional philosophy, aesthetics, art theory and art criticism. 8. Development of Western art history: Western prehistoric art: cave paintings in Paleolithic Age (90000 ~ 10000 BC), Mesopotamia (10000 ~ 3000 BC) and Neolithic Age (8000 ~ 3000 BC). Ancient Greek and Roman art: Greek art (25,000 ~ 700 BC), Roman art (7 ~ 5th century BC) European medieval art: Generally speaking, 476 ~ 1453 (5 ~15th century) is the middle ages in Europe. In 395 AD, the Roman Empire was divided into two empires, East and West. The west is called the Western Roman Empire centered on Rome. In 476, he died of Germanic invasion, and the east (now Istanbul, Turkey) centered on Constantinople was destroyed by Turkey in 1453. Renaissance art: It developed around14th century and began around 1300 (Ming Dynasty). Baroque art: Baroque art is an artistic style in Europe in17th century, which originated in17th century. Rococo art is an artistic style of France in the18th century, which originated in the late Louis XIV (1643 ~ 17 15) and was popular in. Neoclassical art: "Neoclassicism" refers to the period from 1950s to1early 9th century. Romanticism: Romanticism rose in the19th century when neoclassicism lost its revolutionary nature. The twenties to forties was its most popular period, while the thirties was its heyday. Realism:19th century impressionism-the origin of modernist art:19th century symbolism-19th century and 20th century. Fauvism, cubism and futurism in the 20th century: abstract painting: expressionism, abstract expressionism and minimalism Dadaism: it happened during the First World War and influenced every new art movement in current activities. Modern art is a variant of Dadaism or Dadaism. Surrealism: 65438-0920-30 years, which originated from Dadaism and opposed the established artistic concept. The main ideological basis is Freud's subconscious theory. Bauhaus: Professor Moholinaji brought Bauhaus's ideal to the United States in 1938, and established the School of Design in Chicago, which had a great influence in the design field. Post-modernism art: from 1960s to the present, post-modernism is the general name of avant-garde art trends in Europe and America (mainly the United States) after modernism since 1950s, also known as post-modernism. The concept of postmodernism first appeared in the field of architecture, and then gradually extended to other departments of fine arts. The real rise was in the 1960s, initially in continental Europe, mainly in France, and only in the late 1970s and early 1980s did it become popular in the western world, and its influence began to spread to non-western countries in the late 1980s and early 1990s. There are different opinions on its meaning, and art critics also have different understandings of postmodernism. The artistic center of modernism is in Paris, and the center of postmodernism is in new york. Opart PopArt's pure realism environment is the reaction of Dadaism, and it is especially good at dealing with objects. A work of art is an environment that surrounds the viewer from all sides. LandArt artists dig in the natural environment, make it disappear naturally, and their works become a part of nature. Responder: Blunt Male 73 1- Assistant Level 2 3-7 10:43