With more and more countries joining the WTO, the relationship between environment and trade has become more and more complicated.
1, the provisions of the World Trade Organization on environmental protection, the impact on international trade may be
Environmental pollution is spreading internationally.
B. transfer of heavily polluting industries to developing countries
C. Over-exploitation of resource-intensive products in developing countries
Causing bilateral or multilateral trade friction
The answer is d,
When searching the regulations of the World Trade Organization on environmental protection, I found that the green barrier is like this.
The color of trade protection of green barriers
Green trade barriers, in a sense, are mainly measures taken by western countries to restrict international trade in related products and services based on international and domestic environmental regulations or technical standards, and have their reasonable spiritual connotations. The problem is that developed countries are increasingly protectionist when implementing these environmental policies and measures, which often cause some unreasonable restrictions and distortions on international trade and hinder the industrialization and modernization process of developing countries. As the largest developing country in the world, China's export commodities are mostly labor-intensive products, which are greatly affected by environmental protection measures. At the beginning of the century, green trade barriers are becoming a huge obstacle to the development of China's export trade.
In terms of market access, developed countries have formulated many harsh environmental technical standards and regulations through legislation or other non-mandatory means by virtue of their economic and technological monopoly advantages. For example, in terms of agricultural products and food, due to the continuous deterioration of China's marine environment, the EU has stopped importing shellfish products from China; Since 1994, China's beef and pork can hardly be exported to the United States, and the European Union has completely banned China's beef and frozen chicken from entering.
In terms of competitiveness, although developed countries have not directly restricted the market access of products and services, the formulation of green technical standards has greatly increased the cost of China's export products and weakened the international competitiveness of such products. In order to obtain foreign green marks, China's foreign trade enterprises have to spend a lot of money on inspection, testing, evaluation and purchase of instruments and equipment, and also pay a lot of certification application fees and mark use fees. Under the influence of cost and countervailing measures, some developed countries impose green tariffs on China's exports, which also makes these products lose their price advantage in the fierce international competition and restricts the development of China's export-oriented economy.
Exp. net/ Ye Hang _ New West/Nongye/Nongye Zonghe/171156.html.
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