There are many kinds of cuckoos, one of which has been calling since early spring. On the big Toona tree in front of the door, "goo goo" sounds twice, which makes people sleepy in spring. Hardly had the wheat sprouted when another cuckoo came. Its cry is "yellow, yellow, yellow, yellow". Day or night, it flies from a distance, across the sky, dropping a few words of "quick yellow and quick yellow", passing by, flying to distant mountains, and urging wheat to ripen quickly. When the wheat was yellow and ripe, it flew away and went to other places to be busy. Our people here translate its cry as "yellow is almost ripe, and my wife is herding cattle." Daughter-in-law saves feet, garlic moss soaks steamed bread! "This means that when the wheat is ripe and the day is busy, the strong labor force will have to do heavy work. Let the old woman herd cattle, and the young woman pack up her tangled feet and get ready to work in the fields. This is the time when garlic sprouts pluck their hair and moss, so cook steamed buns with garlic moss. I often heard adults say this when I was a child, and the more I listened, the more I looked like it. There is also a cuckoo, which is called "Wang Gang Bird" by local people. From spring to summer, at night, you can always hear the cry of "Brother Wang Gang, wait for me" coming from the distant mountains. The voice is far away, long and full of endless sadness. There is a folk story about a stepmother who gave two sons, a dear one and a sparse one, each with a handful of hemp seeds for them to plant in the mountains. Say, whoever grows hemp will go home. Can't go out, can't go home. Two sons are walking on the road, tasting hemp seeds. The younger brother said, brother, you hemp seed are delicious. Let's change it. Change it, but the hemp seed that the stepmother gave to the boss, that is, without kissing her son, was cooked. After the change, my brother's hemp came out, and my brother's hemp could not come out and could not go home. Later, he died on the mountain and became a bird, calling his brother's name all day, "Brother Wang Gang, wait for me". In fact, this is just a reaction of the causal thought of good and evil of ordinary people.
Cuckoo, also known as Rhododendron, belongs to Rhododendron order of Ericaceae, and there are about 60 species in the world. Rhododendrons are widely distributed all over the world, especially in temperate and tropical areas of the Old World. I often live in forests and bushes, and I am very shy. Often it's just sound, not shape. We often name them according to their calls.
Common rhododendrons are about 16 cm long, and most or part of their feathers are bright green. The large terrestrial rhododendron can reach 90 cm in length. Most land azaleas are gray or brown, and some have red or white stripes. Some tropical cuckoos have rainbow-like blue wings on their backs. Many azaleas have short wings. Tails are very long, and some are very long. The tip of the tail feather is also dotted with white. The legs of terrestrial rhododendrons are longer than those of tree rhododendrons. There are double toes on the front and back of the sole. The beak is stout and powerful, and it bends down a little.
The noisy cuckoo bothers the insomniac residents.
Bird experts explain the habits of rhododendron
Our reporter reported that "I have insomnia." "Why?" "Because of the cuckoo." "cuckoo?" A few days ago, reader Mr. Zhang called the reporter and told him that every night after 12 o'clock, there was always a cuckoo near his home calling "bachelor is so bitter, bachelor is so bitter", which made him unable to sleep well.
In fact, the cuckoo has returned to Beijing, and its number has been increasing for several years. Only this year, in order to prevent SARS, most people don't turn on the air conditioner, but open the window at night for natural ventilation. In addition, people's nightlife is getting richer and richer, and they sleep later and later, so the cuckoo's night song is particularly "loud".
■ Bird expert: The increase of rhododendrons is due to the increase of grey magpies.
Zhao Xinru, an expert in ornithology at Beijing Normal University, told reporters that cuckoo is the common name of cuckoo. Rhododendron usually comes out at night and feeds on caterpillars; During the day, I hide in the dense canopy to rest. There are five common cuckoos in Beijing, namely, big, medium, small, cuckoo and four-tone cuckoo. We often hear the cry of "bachelor suffering" in urban areas. This is the four-tone cuckoo.
After years of research, Mr. Zhao found that the real reason for the increase of four-tone rhododendrons is that there are more gray magpies in Beijing. When four rhododendrons are breeding, they use the nest of grey magpie to hatch eggs, so the increase of grey magpie has contributed to the increase of four rhododendrons. Of course, in the final analysis, Beijing's good environment is conducive to the survival of birds, which is beyond doubt.
Teacher Zhao also said that the number of four-tone rhododendrons has increased compared with previous years, but it is not as much as people think. This illusion is mainly due to its loud cry and strong penetration in the night sky. For example, on the campus of Beijing Normal University, as long as there are two, it is enough to make the sound spread all over the campus.
■ Environmentalists: Face the singing of the cuckoo night with an understanding attitude.
What should I do if the cuckoo's night song interferes with the rest and makes people upset? A reader told reporters in an interview: falling asleep with the rhythm of cuckoo calls feels like being in a big forest-beautiful.
Environmentalists suggest that we can try to face it with understanding. After all, this phenomenon is a symbol of Beijing's environmental improvement. Since Du Fu didn't "blame" the noise of human society when he slept during the day, we should also give him a life tolerance at night.
Background: Cuckoo calls are different.
Homophony embodies different regional cultures.
Speaking of cuckoo, elderly people may have heard the legend about it. An author named Zhang Jiazhou once mentioned in "The Sound of Du Fu in Beijing" that people give birds different meanings: the magpie is called Xixing, the crow is called Tianqiu, and the cuckoo is called Du Fu-"cutting wheat and transplanting rice" ... For its sound, people in the Yangtze River basin know that it is "cutting wheat and transplanting rice", which is similar to the reason of cutting wheat and transplanting rice in farming; A friend in Shaanxi said that the voice is "when the wheat is ripe, it can be cut quickly". There seems to be no transplanting, just harvesting wheat; A colleague in Beijing said, "It's hard to be single!" ! In fact, the understanding of cuckoo's call is permeated with the homonym of local dialect, which is related to local phenology and culture.
Rhododendron quadriceps
The upper body is brown with broad black spots near the tail end, the throat and upper chest are light gray, and the lower part is white with thick black horizontal spots. The mouth is bluish black, the base and mouth of the lower mouth are yellow, and the foot is yellow. Chirp is a loud four-tone at a time. It sounds like "bachelor suffering" or "cutting wheat and grain" The third sound is slightly higher and the fourth sound is the lowest. Inhabits in dense forests in mountainous or plain areas and feeds on insects. Instead of building its own nest, it often puts its eggs in the nest of reed warbler or black curly tail, and the nest owner hatches the eggs for brooding.
/article.jsp？ Oid=2370605 has a graph.
Others: I lived in a small mountain village when I was a child. Every year in late spring and early summer, I can always hear the chirping of birds. The villagers said that this twittering bird is called cuckoo, which is a divine bird sent from heaven to earth. Every year at the end of spring and the beginning of summer, God sends this god bird to the world to urge farmers to cultivate in time, which is also called "cuckoo-driven cultivation". When cuckoos come to the world, they must sing diligently and "cry their eyes out" to promote farming. Otherwise, they are just lazy and greedy, and if they miss farming, they will be punished by God. God once said to the cuckoo, "Go to earth to promote agriculture. When you die, you lose weight, and I will give you merit. If you gain weight, I'll kill you. " Cuckoo remembered God's word. After coming to the earth, he worked diligently to urge farming and crowed day and night. Its cry is so loud that farmers in the surrounding areas can hear it. The villagers can hear the cuckoo saying from its crow: "Carry manure and spread grain, carry manure and spread grain." So every year, when the cuckoo began to crow, the villagers began to rake the fields to fertilize and sow grain. The legend of cuckoo told by villagers is actually to persuade farmers to know how to observe phenology (cuckoo should be a migratory bird) and do it at the right time, so as not to delay the farming season, otherwise they will be punished by nature if they violate the laws of nature. There is a saying in the agricultural proverb: "One day people make mistakes, one year people make mistakes" means this. This legend also advises people to work hard. As the saying goes, no pains, no gains, no big pies will fall from the sky. People are diligent in making treasures, but lazy in making grass. Laziness will starve to death.
As for the cuckoo, in addition to the legend I heard in my hometown when I was a child, I also read a record in a book called Lenglu Miscellaneous Knowledge written by Lu one day: "Huang observed that at the turn of spring and summer in the south of the Yangtze River, there were birds flying around the trees, which sounded like' watching the fire at home' or' cutting wheat and transplanting rice', and Jiangbei said: short hoe, Changshan Road is also called' wrapped in sugar wheat'. Materia Medica also has the sound of "grandparents" and "pants off". In Chen Zao's preface to the cuckoo, people take the cuckoo as the driving force and say' take off your pants'. Huai Nong said that' the wife of a country beats a woman', and Zhejiang people explained that' 108 people', so they measured it with their heart. When I heard the bird's voice, I thought it was' sticking the mountain to watch the fire', but after I finished, I thought it was' every family is fine', and the voice changed with time. "
This record is very interesting. According to the cuckoo's song, people recorded so many meanings: "Watching the fire at home", "Cutting wheat and inserting grain", "Not as good as being in Huai", "Dwarfing hoes", "Shatang Maitang", "Grandparents", "Taking off pants", "Too coquettish" and "108", which people will understand because of the differences in regional dialects and seasonal changes. But in these different understandings, there is a common feature, that is, image, conciseness, catchy and easy to remember.
Rhododendron is also known as Rhododendron, Du Yu and Zigui. Rhododendron, both a bird name and a flower name, is an image that often appears in ancient Chinese literary works. As a kind of bird, the cuckoo is the object of reciting by scholars and scholars in past dynasties. Among the literati, there is a legend about the cuckoo, which is different from the oral legend of the farmer mentioned above. According to the Records of Thirteen States of Taiping Yulan, "When the Seven Kingdoms are Kings. Only Du Yu claimed to be the emperor in the middle of Shu ... I hoped that the emperor would make the turtle cold and dig Wushan to control the water. I hoped that the emperor would be humble with virtue, and I entrusted the country to be cold and enlightened, so I died and became a child. " In spring, you always cry sadly. This legend, recorded by literati, is somewhat puzzling to read. Du Yu's abdication is always a good move, selfless and beneficial to the people. Why is he reluctant to part with his throne? However, the literati recognized that it was saying "it is better to go home" from its sad cry, so in the eyes of China literati, the cuckoo was regarded as a sad bird, a "sad seed between heaven and earth" and a symbol of sadness. To some sentimental literati, the cuckoo's cry is no longer what farmers hear singing "carrying manure and scattering food", but saying: "Go home, it is better to go home". Therefore, there is such a sentence in the works of literati: "Hu Bugui, Hu Bugui and Du Fu crow, and the peach blossom tears blood (Cantonese opera" Hu Bugui ")"; "... the town reminds thousands of times every day, only saying one word; It is better to go home and get hurt (Kang Boke's "Man Jiang Hong" in the Southern Song Dynasty); "Crying at night, looking for trees to fly during the day; The castle peak is infinitely good, and it is better to go home "(a poem by Fan Zhongyan in the Northern Song Dynasty). Therefore, there is "what can you hear here in the morning and evening?" In Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, "The cuckoo cries blood and the ape cries"; Li Shangyin's "Jinse" contains the extreme sadness of "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies, and the emperor's longing for love cuckoo crows"; In Qin Shaoyou's "Treading on the Sand", there is the loneliness of "lonely pavilion in spring and cuckoo falling in the sunset".
For the songs of birds of the same kind, what Tian Yelao and Meng Silkworm Village heard were "picking dung and scattering grain" and "grandparents cutting wheat and inserting grain"; What the literati heard was "It's better to go home". Nature is magical. Created such a great singer as cuckoo. The songs sung by this great singer can suit different tastes. Scholars hear elegant "Chun Xue" and farmers hear popular "Xialiba people".
/question/2906770.html 7790 I hope it is useful to you!