The objective condition of children's psychological development is that children's growth and development have broken the hearts of many parents, and the psychological development of children's growth is also a very important process. So, what are the objective conditions for children's psychological development?

The objective condition of children's psychological development is 1. The objective conditions of children's psychological development are the human brain and the surrounding reality.

The main characteristics of children's psychological development

1, continuity and stage. The continuity of psychological development means that the whole psychological development of individuals is in the process of constant quantitative change to qualitative change. The development of the latter stage always depends on the foundation of the previous stage, and the latter stage contains the factors of the previous stage to prepare for the next stage. At the same time, children's psychological changes have gradually accumulated, making a qualitative leap on the basis of quantity, showing obvious stage characteristics.

2. Directionality and sequence. In general, the direction and order of children's psychological development centers are neither reversible nor insurmountable.

3. imbalance. From birth to maturity, individuals do not always develop in a straight line at a constant speed. On the one hand, it is manifested in the development speed, the starting and ending time of individual different systems and the different processes of reaching maturity; On the other hand, the same psychological phenomenon develops at different ages. Generally speaking, the whole physical and mental development of children progresses in waves, and there are two accelerated periods, one is infancy and the other is adolescence.

4. differences. The difference of psychological development refers to the difference of advantages, psychological speed and development level of different individuals in the process of psychological development.

The main characteristics of children's psychological development

1. The baby shows action thinking. Preschool children begin to develop thinking in images on the basis of action thinking, while junior middle school students focus on thinking in images and abstract thinking begins to develop.

2. The development of nervous system is fast at first and then slow, while the weight of brain in early childhood is equivalent to 80% of that in mature period, and it is close to the adult level around 9 years old; The reproductive system grows rapidly in adolescence (girls 1 1 ~ 12, boys 13 ~ 14) and develops slowly around adolescence.

3. If some children are precocious, some are silly, some are silent, and some are lively and outgoing; Some are good at writing, others are good at hands-on operation. It is these differences that lead to the differences in children's psychological development.

The objective conditions that children's psychological development must have are two important concepts of children's psychological development.

1, development and development

Development refers to the process of regular quantitative and qualitative changes in both physical and psychological aspects during individual growth. Children's development includes physical development and psychological development. Physiological development refers to the growth and development of children; Psychological development refers to the development of children's cognition, will and personality.

Development refers to a series of orderly development and change processes experienced by individuals from birth to maturity, mainly referring to children's physiological development, including brain development and physiological development.

2. The turning point and crisis of children's psychological development.

Between the two stages of children's psychological development, sometimes there will be a sudden and sharp change in children's psychological development in a short time, which is called the turning point of children's psychological development.

Because the turning point of children's psychological development often shows resistance to adults or various manifestations that do not conform to the social code of conduct, some people call the turning point a crisis period.

The turning point of children's psychological development is not necessarily a "crisis period", which is different from the crisis period. The turning point is necessary, but the "crisis" is not necessary. On the premise of mastering the law and correctly guiding children's psychological development, resolve the "crisis".

3. Critical period

The imbalance of physical and mental development determines the critical period of children's physical and mental development, that is, the period when environmental impact can play its greatest role.

The concept of critical period originates from the "stereotype" put forward by Austrian ecologist Lorenz in the process of studying the development of small animals, that is, small animals have an instinctive reaction that is easy to form in a short time after birth. For example, they regard the first object they see after birth as "mother", always follow them, like to be close to "mother", and when "mother" disappears, they will moan. Stereotypes only occur in a short time after the birth of small animals. Lorenz called this period "critical period", and the critical period is limited.

The concept of critical period is applied to children's psychological development, which refers to the period when the function and ability of a certain aspect of body or psychology are most suitable for formation. In this period, the best results can be achieved by training individuals in a certain aspect.

For example, children's 4-6 months is a critical period for swallowing and chewing; 8-9 months is the key period to distinguish size and quantity; July 7- 10/0 is the critical period for climbing; 10-1February is the critical period for standing; 2-3 years old is the key period of oral development; It is also a critical period for the development of counting; 2, 5 -3 years old is the key period for establishing rules; 3 years old is a crucial period to cultivate character. Before the age of 4, it is a critical period for the development of image vision; 4-5 years old is the key period to start learning written language; 5 years old is the key period to master mathematical concepts; It is also the second critical period for children's oral development; 5-6 years old is the key period to master language vocabulary ability.

4. The nearest development zone

The concept of "zone of proximal development" was put forward by Vygotsky, a psychologist in the former Soviet Union. He believes that at least two levels of development should be determined. The first level is the current level of development: this refers to the level of development of psychological functions formed as a result of a completed development system. Second, the level of problem-solving achieved with the help of others under the guidance is also the potential gained through teaching. The "zone of proximal development" refers to the gap between these two levels, that is, the psychological development level that children can independently show and the psychological development level that can be shown under the guidance of adults.

5. Lifelong education

Lifelong education means that people should and need all kinds of education and training in their lives. This term comes from "Lifelong Education" published by British adult educator Yeaxlee in 1929. 1965 was formally put forward by French Parl Lengrand, director of adult education bureau of UNESCO, during the international conference on promoting adult education sponsored by UNESCO. Just a few years later, it was widely circulated all over the world. From the end of 1960s to the beginning of 1970s, lifelong education developed rapidly. Its representatives are: Langlin's Introduction to Lifelong Education, Edgar Foer's Learn to Live-Today and Tomorrow of the Education World, and Schwartz's Lifelong Education-Education Reform in the 20th Century.

The objective conditions that children's psychological development must have are the three main laws of children's psychological development.

I. Rosenthal effect

Rosenthal, a famous American psychologist, once did an experiment: he randomly divided a group of mice into group A and group B; At the same time, tell the breeder of group a: this group of mice is very smart; In addition, he told the breeder of group B that the mice in his group responded in general. A few months later, the professor tested two groups of mice through the maze, and found that group A mice were actually much smarter than group B mice and took the lead in getting out of the maze to find food.

This inspired Professor Rosenthal: Can this effect also have a certain effect on people?

So, he came to an ordinary primary school, took a casual look at a class, circled several names on the student list, and told the class teacher that the circled students had high IQs.

After a while, when Professor Rosenthal came to this school again, a "miracle" happened: the student he chose "unintentionally" really became the best student in the class after he left. Why is this happening? The answer is, "hint"!

Each of us will accept psychological hints in one way or another in our life. Although most of these hints are positive, there will inevitably be negative situations.

As children's favorite, most trusted and most dependent relatives, parents' psychological hints have a particularly profound impact on children. If, as parents, we can always have high expectations and positive affirmation for them; Through expectant eyes, approving smiles and inspiring words, children's hearts are nourished, and children are more self-respecting, self-loving, confident and self-reliant. Then there is no doubt that how high the parents' expectations are, how great the children's future achievements will be!

Second, the overrun effect.

Mark Twain, a famous American writer, once listened to a priest's speech in church. At first, he felt that the pastor spoke very well and made people move, so he prepared to donate money. However, after 10 minutes, the priest was still giving a speech, but Mr. Mark was a little impatient: he decided to donate only some small change. Slowly, after 10 minutes, the speech continued, but Mr. Mark has decided not to donate 1 cents. I don't know how long it took. When the pastor's long speech finally ended and everyone started to raise money, the great writer not only decided not to pay a penny, but also took two dollars from the plate.

This psychological phenomenon caused by too much stimulation, too strong stimulation and too long action time is called "overrun effect".

Generally speaking, the "overrun effect" occurs from time to time in family education. For example, when a child makes a mistake, parents will repeatedly criticize the child for the same thing once, twice or even three or five times; Gradually let the children from "guilt" to "impatience", and finally not only "guilt" disappeared, but even the parents' blame became "disgusting"; Therefore, the rebellious psychology and behavior of "I insist on this" have emerged.

The child is forced by you.

From this "effect", we can see that parents' criticism of their children should be moderate and appropriate, and try to avoid blame and avoid the repetition of the same incident. Even if you meet a child who "accepts with an open mind and refuses to change after repeated education", you should try your best to restrain your anger, change the "preaching way", change the angle and change the communication way; Perhaps, children can be encouraged to "consciously" correct.

In addition, in the process of life, as long as parents don't "catch" their children's small mistakes, children's attitude of being tired of their parents and their psychology of resisting "being educated" will naturally change with time. After learning and growing up, they will feel relieved and begin to understand their parents.

In fact, in the process of educating their children, every parent should follow some psychological laws of their children's growth, strive to "seek advantages and avoid disadvantages", and scientifically guide their children to become their ideal "dragon among people" and "phoenix among people"!