Let the blind see the light: After implanting tiny bionic retina, three blind patients not only saw flashing or moving light spots, but even successfully distinguished cups and plates with their eyes. This is the latest progress announced at the annual meeting of the American Society of Vision and Ophthalmology. The researchers said that the bionic retina they developed is only 4 by 5 mm, which is equivalent to about one-third of the normal retina of human eyes. It is made of silica gel and platinum with 16 electrodes on it. It can be attached to the natural retina after implantation. Its working principle is to stimulate the patient's retinal cells that have not completely lost their functions with electrical signals, and transmit visual information to the brain through the optic nerve, thus partially restoring vision. Biomimetic retina is mainly used to treat patients with retinitis pigmentosa. But researchers estimate that this improved technology may be beneficial to the blind people born blind in the future.
Synthetic spider silk: If you have ever nudged a spider web, you will feel that it has a process of dragging and stretching before breaking. It is through this stretching process that spider silk absorbs a lot of energy, which makes spider silk one of the most malleable materials in the world. For many years, people have been imagining that they can make clothes from spider silk, and now this fantasy is slowly becoming a reality. Spider silk contains a fibrin, a protein similar to keratin found in hair and horns. This protein began to become tough after it was secreted. By carefully balancing the moisture content, spiders and silkworms can prevent fibrin from curing too fast. In the near future, artificial spider silk will be used to make clothes or super ropes.
Neuron function simulator for motion direction recognition
Automatic target reporting machine
Plane compound eye lens
Side-suppressed low light level television
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Source: Xiangshan Science Conference of China Academy of Sciences.
Interviewee: There is a level 6 assistant at 2- 18 13:50.
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Bionics is a rapidly developing new science. Bionics is a science that mainly uses the characteristics and habits of natural animals to study their characteristics and applications. Animals living in the ocean are one of the important animals for scientists to study bionic applications. Now introduce several marine animals and their bionic applications.
Tuna Tuna is one of the fastest moving animals in marine fish. Tuna can prey at a speed of about 80 kilometers per hour. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, scientists made a 1.2-meter-long robotic fish named "Charlie" using tuna as a model, and started the test in the sink. Scientists have pushed this discovery to the application of technology.
The tail fin of fish can be used as propulsion power and guidance. Considering this feature, the shape of tuna is analyzed on the computer, and the research results provide a fin propulsion method for surface ships. Moreover, the action of the robot fin has also been improved, and it can swim freely in the corner. Scientists have also studied the skin of tuna, hoping to get better streamlined features.
Salmon Salmon can live in fast-flowing water. Although their sports system is similar to tuna, there are still differences. Salmon can not only control itself freely, but also start at lightning speed, reaching the speed of 14 km/h without moving. Why can they do this? Except for the frequency of wagging its tail, usually the bigger the fish, the longer it is and the faster it swims. Scientists have found that salmon can wag its tail 15 times per second when accelerating. So its bionic value is extremely high.
Penguin Penguin looks clumsy on land, but it is extremely flexible in water. In order to find an ideal streamlined model, scientists put a miniature measuring instrument on the penguin's back and recorded its daily movement distance, depth and speed. In order to take pictures, scientists also installed a special waterway in the Antarctic. Through further experiments, it is found that penguin's movement is different from that of fish, and it almost only relies on fins to propel itself, which shows that penguin's body has evolved into an optimized model with large volume and low resistance. In addition, its body hardly changes shape in water, which makes the model experiment very simple.
Sharks Sharks have lived in the ocean for 350 million years and can reach a high speed of more than 70 kilometers per hour. When scientists examined the skin of deep-sea sharks under a microscope, they accidentally found that shark scales were fan-shaped and had small grooves. However, in the traditional concept, the smoother the surface, the smaller the resistance. Therefore, scientists assembled hundreds of model scales from different angles to form an artificial test surface. The test results show that the friction loss is less than that of smooth surface 10%, and this new discovery immediately finds technical application. This bionic skin is used to wrap the outer surface of Airbus aircraft, which reduces the annual fuel consumption of each aircraft by 350 tons. If this kind of skin is installed on the plane traveling around the world every year, the fuel value saved can reach billions of dollars, and the carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides that cause the greenhouse effect will also be greatly reduced.
The animal bionics of Shaolin Boxing's massive movements indicate that Shaolin Boxing has inherited the bionic tradition of the Chinese ancestor "Xiongjia Restaurant" and Hua Tuo's tradition of imitating five kinds of animals, such as tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird, to create five-bird play. The natural bionic and life bionic movements in Shaolin Boxing also strongly reflect the simple local cultural atmosphere, revealing that "things are natural".
Synthetic spider silk
Spiders have become the focus of scientists' attention because they can make several very useful things, including spider silk, which is one of the strongest materials in the world. Paula Hammond, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT, said: "If you have ever nudged a spider web, you will feel that it has a process of dragging and stretching before it breaks." "It is through this stretching process that spider silk absorbs a lot of energy, which makes it one of the most elastic materials in the world."
For many years, people have been imagining that they can make clothes from spider silk, and now this fantasy is slowly becoming a reality. Researchers should first understand how spiders spin silk, which is also the key to synthesize spider silk. Spider silk contains a fibrin, a protein similar to keratin found in hair and horns. After this protein is secreted, it becomes tough. Scientists didn't understand this process before, so it is impossible to make fibers as strong as spider silk. But researchers at Tufts University recently discovered the secret of spiders and silkworms producing this fiber. Surprisingly, the whole process is controlled by water content. By carefully balancing the moisture content, spiders and silkworms can prevent fibrin from curing too fast. Dr Kaplan has been able to simulate this process in the laboratory. In the near future, artificial spider silk will be used to make clothes or super ropes. By then, everyone can make Spider-Man with spider silk in their hands.
Spider venom can be used as an insecticide.
Scientists also hope to make an ideal insecticide with the help of spiders. An insecticide that can kill pests but is non-toxic to other insects, people and animals. The venom secreted by the Australian funnel spider consists of more than 100 compounds, several of which have been found to kill only some insects. Glenn King, a scientist at the University of Connecticut in the United States, said: "These compounds are separated from the venom and then put into the virus in a special way. These viruses are only interested in certain insects, so that viruses can deliver compounds to pests and kill them. " If scientists can synthesize these compounds in the laboratory, they can make pesticides that are completely harmless to the environment.
Detergent made from snake venom
Another snake venom will help scientists make better detergents. Devon Ibamoto, a Japanese chemist at Whitaker College in California, and his students extracted an enzyme from the venom of Florida water snakes, which can remove blood from clothes. People have used enzymes made by bacteria to produce detergents, but it is still a new thing to use animal enzymes to produce detergents. This snake-derived enzyme can break the adhesion between dried blood and clothing fibers. This research is still in the experimental stage, so far no company has heard of adding snake venom enzyme to detergent.
Mytilus provides a new idea for adhesives.
Other animals can also provide good materials for human beings to invent new products. For example, mussels can be tightly attached to rocks or cement piles. If you look carefully, you can see dozens of tiny fibers sticking out of the mussel. Mytilus has an organ called "foot", which can attach every filament to the surface of a fixed object. Researchers at Purdue University in the United States have found that iron is needed for the formation of mussel adhesion substances, and this metal element has never been found in bioadhesives before. Most bioadhesives are based on protein. This gel-like substance becomes hard when iron is added. It seems that iron is necessary, because other metals that can be processed by plant and animal cells cannot produce this "hard" process. This discovery can help scientists to produce better adhesives, stainless steel materials and antifouling coatings.
Goat milk produces spider silk
Of course, manufacturing products in the laboratory is very different from mass production in the factory. For example, if a factory produces snake enzyme detergent, it must first obtain venom. But it is not easy to catch snakes, raise them artificially or collect venom. Therefore, scientists are cultivating cells that can produce snake venom in the laboratory. Spider silk may take the synthetic route because spiders can't be raised like silkworms. If you put two spiders in a cage, one spider will always eat the other. Hammond's team began to synthesize fibers from polyurethane, and now they can produce fibers that are both soft and tensile. They are studying the process of using ultrafine particles to reinforce fibers. Other researchers applied modern biotechnology.
Researchers from a biotechnology company in Quebec, Canada, transferred the gene for producing spider silk into New Zealand goats. These goats can produce 2- 15g of spider silk per liter of milk. This company has breeding bases in Fort prats in new york and Saint Telesphore in Quebec, and hopes to produce 5 tons of spider silk every year.
Bionic form is a form of functional form. Bionic form not only has the organizational structure and functional elements of general form, but also is different from general form. It comes from the designer's simulation application of biological form and structure, and is the result of inspiration from nature. Humans live in nature and are "neighbors" with the surrounding creatures. These creatures have attracted people to imagine and imitate, make simple production tools and build homes since ancient times. For example, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lu Ban "realized" the principle of sawing from serrated grass leaves. Some insects' feet are shaped like a pair of pliers, which are used to catch prey and are widely used in today's life and production tools. ?
The simulation of bionic form has a long history, but as an independent subject, it happened after the 1960s. Maj. J. e. Steele, a US Air Force officer, initiated bionics at 1958. Bionics studies how to make artificial systems with biological characteristics. Imitation is the basis of bionics. The fruit of the maple tree spins down and flies into the distance with its wing-like outline. Inspired by this, the gyro flying wing toy appeared, which is the prototype of the propeller at present. The bionic prototype of modern aircraft comes from birds in the sky. ?
1? Bird's wing function: lift and driving force. The function of airplane wings: the lift and driving force need engine devices. ?
2. The hollow skeleton structure of birds reduces the weight of their bodies and is suitable for flying in the air. In order to reduce the weight of aircraft fuselage, light materials such as aluminum alloy and ABS engineering plastics are used. ?
3. The bird's free and smooth appearance can reduce the resistance, and the streamlined plane imitates the bird's sprint shape. ?
Bionic form design is a more excellent and diversified form created by selecting and improving its function and form in the process of learning from nature and accumulating experience for a long time. Therefore, the information sources created by human beings are all bionic simulation creations from nature. Especially in today's information age, people's requirements for product design are different from those in the past. They only pay attention to the excellent function, but pursue freshness and simplicity, pay attention to returning to nature and explore the self-discipline of personality. Advocating bionic design, returning design to the natural state and giving design form a symbol of life are the knowledge of human spiritual needs. ?
First, bionic form is the source of design innovation?
Luigi colani, a famous German design master, once said: "The foundation of design should come from the truth presented by life born in nature." This sentence reveals the secrets of nature, which contains endless design treasures. The condition of bionic form creation and design is to have a correct way of understanding things and grasping essential laws, and to temper self-innovative thinking ability. Second, we should have a solid life foundation and seek design inspiration from the primitive conditions of nature and human society, including the training of bionic design thinking. People's traditional thinking is often limited to the existing methods and systems, and the tentacles of thinking can't reach and touch the origin of things. The inspiration of "the law of gravity" is not a classical theory that was born in the laboratory and came to a conclusion, but Newton was inspired by the fact that the apple fell under the apple tree and was associated with the movement of the solar system and the earth, thus giving birth to this invention. ?
Scientific research shows that many sensory characteristics that humans do not have exist in many animals in the biological world. For example, jellyfish can feel ice sound waves and accurately predict storms; Bats can feel ultrasonic waves; Hawkeye can keenly detect small animals moving on the ground from an altitude of 3 thousand meters; Frog eyes can quickly judge the position, direction and speed of the target, and can choose the best attack posture and time. The mysteries of nature are endless. Every time we discover a biological mystery, it may become a new possibility for our design, and it may also bring us a new way of life. In this sense, the excavation of bionic form is an inexhaustible source of wisdom for our innovative design. ?
Second, bionic form-the equation of design problem?
In reality, many excellent technical achievements need to be transformed into products, and designers often struggle to find a good shape to achieve with good invention achievements, which often becomes a difficult problem. If demand is regarded as asking questions, then bionic thinking is to find equations to solve problems in nature. For example, when a supersonic plane flies, due to its high speed, the wing will flutter, hinder the movement, and even cause the wing to break and the plane to be destroyed. This problem once made designers rack their brains, and finally a weighting device was placed on the leading edge of the wing, which effectively solved this problem. Later, people learned from zoology that there is a dark keratin thickening area-wing nevus above the leading edge of small dragonfly wings. Wing nevus is a flutter eliminator for dragonflies. The rapid flight of dragonflies is realized by adjusting the vibration of wings through wing nevus. ?
The spatial form, structure and characteristics of all things in nature are the result of life instinctively adapting to the growth and evolution environment. In the study and research of bionic form, the ways to solve product design problems are explored from the following aspects.
1. Establish a biological functional morphological model, study the function of bionic morphology, find the corresponding physical principles from the biological prototype, and form a perceptual knowledge of the organism through the perception of the organism. Based on the function, this paper studies the structure and shape of objects, removes irrelevant factors and establishes a biological model on the basis of perceptual knowledge. The prototype is qualitatively analyzed, and the principle of biological structure is simulated by the model. ?
Secondly, based on the biological structure, the bionic modeling, proportion and function are studied. By using the method of model, the organism is quantitatively analyzed, the structural scale of the organism is mastered, and the characteristics of its special function and movement coordination are explored from the figurative form and structure. ?
Thirdly, bionic form directly imitates the local excellent functions of living things. For example, the torpedo shell made by imitating dolphin skin reduces the forward resistance, and the ship can obtain greater thrust at low speed by adopting fishtail propeller. However, in the research and application of bionic form, the details are rarely imitated, but the scientific laws of bionic form are summarized through the study of the structure and working principle of life system. ?
Third, bionic form-a new concept of ecological design?
Bionic form contains a very distinct concept of ecological design, because "in almost all designs, nature has given mankind the most powerful information" (Kockney language). Bionic form is undoubtedly a new banner to explore modern ecological design. ?
The main body of modern social civilization is composed of man and machine (product form). The purpose of human beings' invention of machines is to make machines replace human physical strength and liberate human beings who are oppressed by strong physical labor. However, to what extent machines have replaced human labor, and the emergence of intelligent tools makes human individual competition face strangulation with machines. These are all human beings' lack of psychological preparation. Under the ecological imbalance caused by this civilization, human beings began to reflect and try to find a new way out. "Building a dialogue platform between man and nature and machine", the philosophy of * * * strongly calls for the establishment of two cultural structures: man and machine, ecological nature and artificial nature, so as to reshape the scientific and technological value and human status. It is a strategy and new concept of contemporary ecological design to break away from the visual overflow of artificial form symbols in machine industrialization and develop design form from the original state of nature. ?
First, the agreeableness of bionic form can make people closer to machine form. The evolution of creatures and the reproduction of species in nature are logically and regularly adjusted and adapted in the ever-changing living environment. This is because organisms have the conditions for growth and variation, and can abandon old functions and adapt to new functions at any time. The fixed functional mode of artificial form and spatial environment inhibits the similar self-regulation and adaptation relationship between man and nature. Therefore, the design should be based on the natural and social attributes of people, and meet the individual needs to the greatest extent in the flexibility and adaptability of ecological design. ?
Second, bionic form contains vitality of life. In order to protect themselves and resist variation, the morphological structure of biological organisms forms a sense of power expansion, which makes people feel the life and vitality of self-awareness and arouses our potential consciousness of cherishing life. In this beautiful and harmonious atmosphere, man and nature are integrated and close, which eliminates the psychological anxiety of opponents and makes people feel happy and satisfied. ?
Thirdly, the singularity of bionic form enriches the formal language of modeling design. Many organic life (animals and plants) in nature are rich in physical structure, multi-dimensional changes, ingenious color decoration and graphic organization, as well as their lifestyle, body language, sound characteristics and balance ability, which provide us with new design methods and beauty-making rules for artificial form design. The perceptual characteristics of communication between organisms and people will give us new enlightenment.
When the ground machinery works, the adhesion of soil to its soil-touching parts seriously reduces the production efficiency, which has become a major technical problem to be solved urgently. Some organisms, especially soil animals, have excellent functions of viscosity reduction and desorption after hundreds of millions of years of evolution and optimization. In-depth study on the physiological law of soil animals and the mechanism of viscosity reduction and desorption will solve the problem of soil adhesion of working parts of ground machinery. This project has carried out in-depth and systematic research work in this respect, and achieved the following results:
1, dung beetles were successfully cultured in the laboratory for more than 30 days, and many morphological characteristics were systematically revealed.
2. The model structure of soil adhesion is established, and the problem of soil adhesion is studied by spectral analysis, fractal analysis and genetic algorithm.
3. The bionic non-smooth plow wall designed and developed can reduce the tillage resistance 15%- 18% and save oil by 5.6%- 12.6%. Based on ZG25Mn2 and ZG75Mn 13 steels, two kinds of bionic gradient wear-resistant surfaces were prepared. The abrasion resistance of the polymer-based composites is obviously improved by adding reinforcing materials in a certain range (generally less than 10%), and its desorption drag reduction performance is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional touchdown materials (steel).
4. The bionic bulldozer with non-smooth surface is designed and developed. For black clay with water content of 28.3%, the drag reduction is 13. 1%-32.9% higher than that of smooth shovel.
5. According to the principle of bionic electro-osmosis, bionic electro-osmosis coal hopper effectively solves the problems of coal sticking and blocking. Bionic flexible desorption technology is applied to coal transport vehicle, which effectively prevents coal from sticking and freezing.
With the needs of production and the development of science and technology, people have realized that biological system is one of the main ways to open up new technologies since the 1950s, and have consciously regarded the biological world as the source of various technical ideas, design principles and inventions. People use chemical, physical, mathematical and technical models to make in-depth research on biological systems, which promotes the great development of biology and makes rapid progress in the study of functional mechanisms in organisms. At this point, the simulated creature is no longer a fascinating fantasy, but a fact that can be done. Biologists and engineers actively cooperated and began to use the knowledge gained from biology to improve old or create new engineering equipment. Biology began to step into the ranks of technological innovation and revolution in all walks of life, and first succeeded in military departments such as automatic control, aviation and navigation. Therefore, the disciplines of biology and engineering technology are combined and infiltrated with each other, and a new science-bionics is born.
As an independent discipline, bionics was formally born in September 1960. The first bionics congress was held by the Air Force Aviation Administration in Dayton Air Force Base, Ohio. The central topic discussed at the meeting was "Can the concepts obtained from the analysis of biological systems be applied to the design of artificial information processing systems?" Steele named this new science "bionics", which means the science of studying the function of life system in Greek. 1963, China translated "bionics" into "bionics". Steele defined bionics as "the science that imitates the principles of biological systems to construct technical systems, or makes artificial technical systems have or resemble biological characteristics". In short, bionics is a science that imitates biology. To be exact, bionics is a comprehensive science that studies various excellent characteristics of biological systems, such as structure, characteristics, functions, energy conversion, information control and so on. And apply it to the technical system, improve the existing technical engineering equipment, and create new technical systems, such as process flow, building configuration and automation equipment. From the biological point of view, bionics belongs to a branch of applied biology; From the perspective of engineering technology, bionics provides new principles, new methods and new approaches for the design and construction of new technical equipment based on the study of biological systems. The glorious mission of bionics is to provide mankind with the most reliable, flexible, efficient and economical technical system close to biological system for the benefit of mankind.
Spider is one of the most common arthropods in nature. There are more than 35,000 kinds of spiders in the world, including ghost spiders, circular spiders, grass spiders, tarantulas and flower spiders ... from heaven to underground, from land to sea, it can be seen everywhere. Most spiders can weave webs. Spider webs are not only delicate and complex, but also fully functional, well-equipped and full of traps. There are communication lines, alarm lines, tourist routes, restaurants, wedding rooms, nursery rooms and so on, just like a magical maze. Spiders are closely related to humans. Spiders living in the field are loyal "defenders" of crops: jumping spiders patrol the ground; Round spiders and nest spiders make webs on the leaves of plants; The water tarantula blocked the water. Insects flying in the sky, running on the ground and running upstream, such as rice planthopper, leafhopper, stem borer, aphid, Mi Chong, flies, mosquitoes, etc. , can't escape the encirclement set by many spiders. Studying the mystery of spider behavior is of great practical significance to human life, bionics and high technology.
The Mystery of Spider Predation and Space Navigation
After the spider weaves the web, it catches insects and "waits for the rabbit". This kind of passive capture efficiency is still quite high, and scientists are puzzled. Later, biologists from Yale University stumbled upon the secret.
When studying the evolution of some kinds of spiders, they found that spider webs reflect ultraviolet rays very strongly. Is this the mystery of spiders catching insects? They put two webs woven by the same spider in different places. One net is irradiated by ultraviolet rays, and the other net is irradiated by visible light without ultraviolet rays. It turned out that a group of fruit flies deliberately placed indoors actually flew to the first net. Scientists have come to the conclusion that fruit flies mistakenly think that they are flying in the blue sky because the first net reflects enough ultraviolet rays.
More interestingly, spiders also adjust the optical characteristics of spider webs with their own evolution. Varieties with low evolutionary level are used to netting in the dark, and their nets have the characteristics of strongly reflecting ultraviolet rays. Spiders with a higher degree of evolution have moved from dark places to brighter places. In this way, there is a problem with spider hunting. If the net still reflects a lot of ultraviolet rays as in the past, it will make insects feel that there are some obstacles in front of them instead of the blue sky, and insects will not be trapped if they see through the spider's intentions. However, the Tao is one foot high and the devil is ten feet high. For highly evolved spiders, they can actually form webs that don't reflect a lot of ultraviolet rays. Most of this net does not reflect ultraviolet rays, and the ultraviolet rays that already exist in brighter places make insects mistake it for blue sky. Curiously, with different insect species, spiders will adjust the number and distribution of these nodes when they make new networks.
The structure of cobwebs also has a mystery in it. Many people have seen insects struggling desperately on cobwebs. After such tossing, the spider web is still not broken, which shows that it has high strength and flexibility, and where these characteristics come from is also a mystery.
Researchers at Oxford University found that cobwebs are made up of two different types of silk threads intertwined. First of all, the mesh is a dry linear line, which is the backbone and support of the mesh. It can only be stretched by 20% at most, and then it breaks. Another sticky spiral silk thread is wrapped around the linear silk thread, which is specially used to catch insects. Can be stretched to four times the original, and will not sag after returning to its original state in summer. Under the high power electron microscope, we can see that the spiral silk thread is covered with a layer of colloidal droplets. This liquid is 80% water, and the rest is a mixture of fat, amino acids and sugar. Each droplet contains a silk thread. When the captured insect struggles to stretch the silk thread, the silk thread in the droplet will expand and increase the length of the silk thread. When the grappling hook stops struggling, the silk ball will automatically recover.
Recently, edmonds, a physicist at Oxford University, Fritz Folard, a biologist, and Loran Lin, a structural engineer at Owen Arup Partners in London, further analyzed the spider web with computer models, revealing the structural mystery of the spider web.
Edmonds said: "If the spider web cannot dissipate the movement energy of insects flying into the web, the insects will either smash the web;" Or be ejected from the net like a trampoline. After using this computer model, we unexpectedly found that aerodynamic damping has a great influence on catching these insects. The whole net floats up and down in the air and the motion energy is dissipated. "
In order to confirm their findings through computer models, the three-person team recreated the simulation experiment in the laboratory. They used small caliber guns to shoot foam particles into real cobwebs and measured the effect. On the scale of this experiment, they found that the air around the spider web seems to be very "sticky", just like the feeling of pulling a rope in the water.
They also measured the equilibrium pressure and tension of the unique geometry of the spider web and found that the force was distributed throughout the web surface. They believe that this scientific principle of netting is instructive and practical for building a tent-like structure with many ropes.
Not long ago, biochemists from the University of Liverpool in England extracted their venom from a poisonous spider living on the banks of the Amazon River in South America. The peculiar thing about this poison is that it doesn't kill its prey (insects, birds and rodents), but only makes the poisoned animals sleep for a long time, so that they have a living food reserve for a long time.
Now, biochemists at the University of Liverpool have synthesized a harmless hypnotic substance based on the venom composition of this South American poisonous spider. They intend to use this ingredient on astronauts, so that astronauts can sleep in the long and restless interstellar voyage in the future, thus prolonging their life, thus completing the ultra-long-distance space mission that cannot be completed by human life alone at present.
Spider silk and multifunctional chemical fiber
There are six spinnerets at the rear end of the spider's abdomen, which communicate with three pairs of spinning protrusions on the body surface, and there are more than 1000 fine holes on the protrusions. When weaving a web, mucus mainly composed of fibrin is ejected. When it meets the air, it will become a tough thread. Then the spider rolls, combs, pulls and weaves with the fourth pair of comb hairs on the outside of the whole foot and claws at the end, and spins them into silk for netting. 200 grams of mucus can be drawn into a wire, the length of which can circle the equator of the earth; 1000 filaments are combined into a strand, and the diameter is only110 of human hair. Spider silk is of great use to human beings. The ancient Greeks wrapped spider silk around the wound to stop bleeding. According to medical books in China, spider silk is used to treat gold sores, bleeding and toxic sores. People also use spider silk to make strong and soft gloves, hats, bags and socks. , exquisite and durable. Spider silk, as thin as five thousandths of a millimeter, is used by humans as a fork silk to help aim at the lenses of precision optical instruments. Inspired by the spinning process of spiders, bionics scientists made spinnerets of modern man-made fibers.
According to chemical analysis, fine and tough spider silk is determined by the amino acid composition ratio of protein. According to the composition and proportion of this silk, British craftsmen are using genetic engineering technology to produce spider silk, thus artificially producing bulletproof lightweight spider silk materials with the same high performance as natural spider silk.
American researchers are also interested in the finest chemical fibers in nature. They are interested in the unique extensibility and firmness of spider silk, the structure and function of silk, and the fact that a spider can secrete six kinds of silk for different purposes (weaving silk, hanging silk, nursery silk, wedding silk, communication alarm silk and road silk).