Development trend and countermeasures of CNC technology and equipment Abstract: This paper briefly introduces the development trend of CNC technology and equipment in the world today and the development and industrialization status of CNC equipment in China. On this basis, this paper discusses the importance of developing China's numerical control technology and equipment to improve the informationization level and international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, and puts forward some views on developing China's numerical control technology and equipment from two aspects of strategy and tactics. The technical level and modernization degree of equipment industry determine the level and modernization degree of the whole national economy. Numerical control technology and equipment is the enabling technology and the most basic equipment for developing emerging high-tech industries and cutting-edge industries (such as information technology and its industries, biotechnology and its industries, aviation, aerospace and other national defense industries). Marx once said that "the difference between various economic times lies not in what is produced, but in how it is produced and by what means of labor". Manufacturing technology and equipment are the most basic means of production in human production activities, and numerical control technology is the core technology of advanced manufacturing technology and equipment today. In today's world, numerical control technology is widely used in manufacturing industry, in order to improve the manufacturing capacity and level, and improve the adaptability and competitiveness to the dynamic and changeable market. In addition, the developed countries in the world have also listed CNC technology and equipment as national strategic materials, not only taking significant measures to develop their own CNC technology and industry, but also implementing a blockade and restriction policy on China's "high-precision" CNC key technologies and equipment. In short, vigorously developing advanced manufacturing technology with numerical control technology as the core has become an important way for developed countries in the world to accelerate economic development and improve their comprehensive national strength and national status. Numerical control technology is a technology that uses digital information to control the movement and working process of machinery. Numerical control equipment is a mechatronic product formed by the infiltration of new technologies represented by numerical control technology into traditional manufacturing and emerging manufacturing, which is called digital equipment. Its technical scope covers many fields: (1) mechanical manufacturing technology; (2) Information processing, processing and transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) Servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) Software technology, etc. 1 development trend of numerical control technology The application of numerical control technology has not only brought revolutionary changes to the traditional manufacturing industry and made the manufacturing industry a symbol of industrialization, but also played an increasingly important role in the development of some important industries (IT, automobile, light industry, medical care, etc.). ) With the continuous development of numerical control technology and the continuous expansion of its application fields, the digitalization of the equipment needed by these industries has become the general trend of modern development. According to the development trend of numerical control technology and its equipment in the world, its main research hotspots are [1 ~ 4]. 1. 1 The new trend of high-speed and high-precision machining technology and equipment efficiency and quality is the main component of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed and high-precision machining technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grade, shorten production cycle and improve market competitiveness. Therefore, Japan Advanced Technology Research Association listed it as one of the five major technologies of modern manufacturing, and CIRP identified it as one of the central research directions in 2 1 century. In the field of automobile industry, the production cycle of 300,000 cars per year is 40 seconds, and multi-variety processing is one of the key problems that automobile equipment must solve. In the aerospace field, most of the machined parts are thin-walled ribs with poor stiffness, and the materials are aluminum or aluminum alloy. Only under the condition of high cutting speed and small cutting force can these ribs and walls be machined. Recently, large-scale components such as wings and fuselage are manufactured by hollowing out large-scale integral aluminum alloy blanks, instead of assembling multiple components through numerous rivets and screws, so that the strength, stiffness and reliability of the components are improved. All these require high speed, high precision and high flexibility for processing equipment. According to EMO200 1, the feed speed of high-speed machining center can reach 80m/min or even higher, and the idling speed can reach about 100m/min. At present, many automobile factories in the world, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation in China, have partially replaced modular machine tools with production lines composed of high-speed machining centers. The HyperMach machine tool of Cincinnati, USA has a maximum feed speed of 60m/min, a fast speed of 100m/min, an acceleration of 2g, and a spindle speed of 60 000r/min. It only takes 30 minutes to process a thin-walled aircraft part, while it takes 3 hours to process the same part on a common high-speed milling machine and 8 hours on a common milling machine. The spindle speed and acceleration of the double-spindle lathe produced by German DMG company reach 12* respectively! 000 rpm and 1 g. In terms of machining accuracy, in recent 10 years, the machining accuracy of ordinary CNC machine tools has increased from 10μm to 5μm, and the precision machining center has increased from 3 ~ 5μ m to 1 ~ 1.5μ m, and the ultra-precision machining accuracy has begun to enter the nanometer level (0.0 1μm). In terms of reliability, the MTBF value of foreign numerical control devices has reached more than 6 000h, and the MTBF value of servo system has reached more than 30000h, showing very high reliability. In order to realize high-speed and high-precision machining, motorized spindle, linear motor and other supporting functional components have developed rapidly and their application fields have been further expanded. 1.2 the rapid development of five-axis linkage machining and compound machining machine tools adopts five-axis linkage to machine three-dimensional curved parts, which can be cut with the best tool geometry, not only with high smoothness, but also with greatly improved efficiency. Generally speaking, the efficiency of 1 five-axis machine tool can be equivalent to that of two three-axis machine tools, especially when cubic boron nitride, a superhard material milling cutter, is used for high-speed milling hardened steel parts, five-axis machining can bring more benefits than three-axis machining. However, in the past, due to the complex structure of five-axis CNC system and host computer, the programming technology was difficult, and its price was several times higher than that of three-axis CNC machine tools, which restricted the development of five-axis CNC machine tools. At present, due to the appearance of motorized spindle, the structure of compound spindle head used for 5-axis linkage machining is greatly simplified, its manufacturing difficulty and cost are greatly reduced, and the price gap of CNC system is narrowed. Thus, the development of compound spindle head five-axis linkage machine tool and compound machining machine tool (including five-sided machining machine tool) is promoted. At EMO200 1 exhibition, NIKO's 5-face machining machine tool adopted the compound spindle head, which can realize the machining of 4 vertical faces and arbitrary angles, so that 5-face machining and 5-axis machining can be realized on the same machine tool, and the machining of inclined planes and inverted cone holes can also be realized. DMUVoution series machining centers exhibited by German DMG company can carry out five-sided machining and five-axis linkage machining under one clamping, and can be directly or indirectly controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM. 1.3 intelligence, openness and networking have become the main trends in the development of contemporary CNC systems. The numerical control equipment in 2 1 century will be an intelligent system, which includes all aspects of the numerical control system: in order to pursue the intelligence of machining efficiency and machining quality, such as adaptive control of machining process and automatic generation of process parameters; In order to improve the driving performance and intelligent connection, such as feedforward control, adaptive operation of motor parameters, automatic load identification, automatic selection and self-correction. Simplify programming and simplify the intelligence of operation, such as intelligent automatic programming and intelligent man-machine interface; There are also intelligent diagnosis, intelligent monitoring, convenient system diagnosis and maintenance. In order to solve the problems existing in closed traditional numerical control system and industrial production numerical control application software. At present, many countries are studying open CNC systems, such as NGC (Next Generation Workstation/Machine Tool Control) in the United States, OSACA (Open System Structure of Control in Automation System) in Europe, Osec (Open System Environment of Controller) in Japan, ONC (Open CNC System) in China, etc. The openness of CNC system has become the future of CNC system. The so-called open CNC system means that the development of CNC system can be oriented to machine tool manufacturers and end users on a unified operating platform. By changing, adding or reducing structural objects (CNC functions), serialization can be formed, and users' special applications and technical know-how can be easily integrated into the control system, so as to quickly realize open CNC systems of different varieties and grades and form brand-name products with distinctive personality. At present, the architecture specification, communication specification, configuration specification, running platform, CNC system function library and CNC system function software development tools of open CNC system are the core of current research. Networked numerical control equipment is a new bright spot in the internationally renowned machine tool Expo in recent two years. The networking of CNC equipment will greatly meet the information integration needs of production lines, manufacturing systems and manufacturing enterprises, and it is also the basic unit to realize new manufacturing modes such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprise and global manufacturing. Some well-known CNC machine tools and CNC system manufacturing companies at home and abroad have introduced related new concepts and prototypes in recent two years, such as "CyberProduction Center" (CPC) exhibited by Mazak Yamazaki at EMO200 1; Daisuke Machine Tool Company of Japan exhibited "IT Plaza" (Information Technology Plaza, referred to as IT Plaza); The open manufacturing environment (OME) displayed by Siemens in Germany reflects the trend of NC machine tool processing towards networking.