Sandals are made of various materials, such as soft rubber, artificial leather, cowhide, pigskin, plant skin, bamboo skin, rattan and so on. With the progress of science and technology and the development of human society, various high-tech materials have also been applied to the production of sandals. Let's share the advantages and disadvantages of various materials of sandals.

Advantages and disadvantages of sandals; Classification and Characteristic Analysis of Sandals 1

The materials of cold shoes are soft rubber, artificial leather, cowhide, pigskin, plant skin, bamboo skin, rattan and so on. With the progress of science and technology and the development of human society, various high-tech materials have also been applied to the production of sandals. For example, anti-static sandals are made of static dissipative material PU. Based on kinematics and physiology, this material is introduced into HAD system, and the shoes are light and soft, comfortable and breathable, and are not easy to fatigue after long-term wear.

This is an economic choice. Suitable for electrostatic sensitive areas. Insoles made of this material have a resistance of 10 to the 6th to 8th power, a human body's resistance to the sole to the 5th to 7th power, and a surface resistance to the 6th to 8th power of 10. Mainly used in workshops requiring dust-free, semiconductor manufacturing, electronic picture tube manufacturing, computer motherboard manufacturing enterprises, mobile phone manufacturers, etc.

Soft rubber is plastic injection molding, and it feels soft at room temperature. Many people call it "soft rubber", but it doesn't need vulcanization. In the general plastics industry, plastics such as PP and PE with light specific gravity and relatively low surface hardness are called soft adhesives. PS, ABS, AS, rigid PVC and other plastics can all be called hard glue. In fact, soft rubber and hard rubber are only relative. PE and PP mentioned in general plastic industry belong to soft rubber.

However, compared with flexible plastics such as soft PVC, rubber, EVA, Poe and TPES, these materials can be regarded as hard materials. Because of these excellent properties, silicone has a wide range of applications. It is not only used as a special material for cutting-edge technology, but also used in various departments of the national economy, and its application scope has been extended to textile, leather manufacturing and other industries.

Leather sandals are also more comfortable and expensive. Dermal is denatured and non-perishable animal skin obtained by physical and chemical processing such as depilation and tanning. Leather is made of natural protein fibers tightly woven in three-dimensional space, with a special grain surface layer on the surface, which has a natural grain surface luster and feels comfortable. Leather can be divided into chrome tanned leather, vegetable tanned leather, oil tanned leather, aldehyde tanned leather and combined tanned leather.

In addition, it can be divided into light leather and heavy leather. Leather generally used for uppers, clothes, gloves, etc. , called light leather, measured by area; Leather made of thick animal skins tanned by vegetable tanning agents or combined tanning agents and used for leather shoes, outsoles and industrial accessories is called heavy leather and is measured by weight. In addition to genuine leather, PU leather, as an artificial imitation leather material, is also one of the important raw materials for sandals.

PU leather is a kind of secondary leather whose reverse side is cowhide, and its surface is coated with a layer of PU resin, so it is also called coated cowhide. Its price is cheaper and its utilization rate is high. With the change of technology, it is also made into varieties of various grades, such as imported two-layer cowhide. Because of its unique technology, stable quality and novel varieties, it is high-grade leather, and its price and grade are no less than that of the first layer leather. PU leather sandals and leather sandals have their own characteristics. PU leather sandals are beautiful in appearance, easy to take care of and low in price. Leather is expensive, troublesome and durable.

Sandals made of cloth are reasonable in price, and they are more suitable for heels and absorb sweat. Among them, cotton, hemp and silk are all important materials for making sandals. Cotton cloth is a general term for all kinds of cotton textiles. Mostly used to make fashion, casual wear, underwear and shirts. Its advantages are easy to keep warm, soft and close-fitting, moisture absorption and air permeability. Its disadvantage is that it is easy to shrink and wrinkle, and its appearance is not crisp and beautiful, so it must be ironed often when wearing it.

Flax is a kind of cloth made of hemp, flax, ramie, jute, sisal, banana and other hemp plant fibers. Generally used to make casual clothes and work clothes, 20 13 has also been used to make ordinary summer clothes. Its advantages are extremely high strength, good hygroscopicity, thermal conductivity and air permeability. Its disadvantages are uncomfortable to wear and rough and stiff appearance. Silk is the general name of all kinds of silk fabrics woven from silk.

Like cotton cloth, it has many varieties and different personalities. It can be used to make all kinds of clothes, especially women's clothes. Its advantages are light, healthy, soft, smooth, breathable, colorful, shiny, elegant and comfortable. Its disadvantages are easy to wrinkle, easy to absorb, not strong enough and fast fading.

In recent years, patent leather has become a common raw material for sandal designers. Lacquer leather is painted on leather or PU leather, which is characterized by bright and natural color, waterproof and moisture-proof, not easy to deform and easy to clean and take care of. The patent leather is made of neutral resin paint, which is not easy to fade, the surface is not easy to absorb water, and the maintenance is more convenient. Bamboo and rattan also return to nature and become a special choice for sandal designers.

Bamboo is evergreen all year round and has a wide range of uses. Bamboo fiber made by physical and chemical actions is used as textiles, towels and clothes. Rattan is a dense, firm, light and tough natural material, which is not afraid of extrusion and pressure, and is flexible and elastic. Sandals made of these two materials are not only simple and natural, fresh and refreshing, but also full of modern flavor and fashion sense.

Advantages and disadvantages of various materials of sandals 2 leather soles

Leather soles are soles that can breathe automatically and drive feet to breathe. Good air permeability, not stuffy feet, can automatically release and absorb. Sweat keeps feet dry. Leather soles are mainly cowhide, and the price is higher. Its advantages are easy setting, no deformation, good fit, good elasticity, reduced impact without fatigue, air permeability, moisture absorption and so on. And is easy to process and express aesthetic feeling. Hard texture is not easy to be pierced, but it is easy to warp, deform or rot after being soaked in water and oil. Its main features are:

Good thermal insulation ensures that the feet wearing shoes have the right temperature.

Light weight, the weight per square centimeter is 0.95 ~ 1.05g, which is just the same as the density of water. Can be waterproof, release moisture when the shoes are no longer wet, and ensure that the shoes are in a comfortable state.

Unique three-dimensional fiber structure, the sole 180 degree bending does not break. Can quickly adapt to the shape of the foot, can effectively support the impact of the ground, and protect the foot more effectively than other soles with the same thickness.

Rubber sole (RB)

RB is the abbreviation of English rubber; Hot pressing can be divided into natural rubber and recycled rubber. Heavy, oil-resistant, the bottom must be polished on the joint surface when molding, which is easy to shorten and the color is inconsistent when heated.

Advantages: good wear resistance, non-slip, elasticity, not easy to break, good flexibility, good ductility, stable shrinkage, good hardness, good flexibility and waterproof.

Disadvantages: heavy, easy to frost (quality problem), not easy to corrode (environmental problem); Not hard, easy to be pricked; Poor air permeability and hygroscopicity, afraid of oil immersion, not suitable for wearing in oil-exposed places such as automobile gas stations.

Rubber foaming: lighter than rubber sole, with rubber flavor. When you use your fingers on time, the surface rebound is more obvious than that of ordinary soles, and the wear resistance is poor.

High-pressure polyethylene rubber sole: a sole with high-pressure polyethylene and rubber essence as the main components and rubber and plastic used together.

Raw rubber sole: heavy, expensive, oil-resistant and heat-resistant. Easy to change color.

Polyurethane substrate (PU)

Polyurethane is the abbreviation of polyurethane, and its English name is polyurethane. It is a kind of polymer material, which is foamed from A/B/C polyester and divided into oil and water. It is a new type of organic polymer material, known as "the fifth largest plastic", which is mostly used to make high-grade leather shoes, sports shoes and travel shoes.

Advantages: low density, soft texture, good elasticity, comfortable and light to wear; Good oxidation resistance, excellent wear resistance, bending resistance and high hardness; Excellent shock absorption and anti-skid performance; Good temperature resistance; Good chemical resistance; Easy to corrode, conducive to environmental protection, not easy to wrinkle.

Disadvantages: strong water absorption, easy yellowing, easy to break, poor elongation, poor water resistance, easy to rot and poor air permeability.

EVA bottom

Ethylene vinyl acetate-vinyl acetate polymer, polymer material. Commonly used in jogging, walking, casual shoes, foot training shoes midsole. Light weight, easy processing, no wear and oil resistance.

Advantages: light weight, good elasticity, good flexibility, not easy to wrinkle, excellent coloring, suitable for all kinds of climates.

Disadvantages: easy to absorb water, not easy to corrode, not conducive to environmental protection, easy to get dirty.

MD bottom

MODEL or PHYLON is a general term for EVA secondary high pressure forming. MD soles must have EVA, and MD soles are also called PHYLON soles. For example, MD=EVA+RB or EVA+RB+TPR, and some shoes are RB+PU.

Advantages: light weight, elasticity, delicate appearance and good softness; Easy to clean; Good hardness, density, tension, tear and elongation.

Disadvantages: not easy to corrode, not conducive to environmental protection, easy to wrinkle and shrink at high temperature; The durability is poor, and its shock absorption will be reduced and its air permeability will be poor after a long time of use.

TPR bottom

TPR was originally a broad term, including TPV, SEBS, SBS, TPO, TPU, EVA and other products. TPR sole mainly refers to SBS modified shoe material (one of the applications of TPR material).

TPR special material for shoe material is a new type of polymer material for shoes, which is mainly produced by thermoplastic SBS. It has rubber characteristics and can be processed and recycled according to thermoplastics. Rubber products can be made by injection molding, extrusion molding and blow molding with ordinary plastic molding machine. Hot melt TPR particles, and then injection molding, molecules move with radioactivity in the molding process.

Advantages: easy to form and cheap; It has the characteristics of portability, comfort, high elasticity, easy staining, good air permeability and high strength, especially excellent low temperature resistance, high friction coefficient and strong grip.

Disadvantages: heavy material, poor wear resistance, poor softness, poor flexibility, poor shock absorption and poor air permeability.

TPU seabed

The full name of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is linear polymers material produced by the reaction of diisocyanate, macromolecular polyol and chain extender, which is a new type of environmental protection material.

Advantages: excellent mechanical strength, wear resistance, oil resistance and flexibility, especially the most prominent wear resistance, good appearance, generous and high-grade

Disadvantages: poor heat resistance, hot water resistance and pressure resistance, easy yellowing of appearance, easy mold sticking during processing, hard and heavy, and poor air permeability.

PVC sole (imitation sole leather)

PVC is yellowish, translucent and shiny. Whitening will appear at the bend.

Advantages: most of them are relatively cheap, oil-resistant, wear-resistant and good in insulation.

Disadvantages: poor slip resistance, poor texture, cold resistance, folding resistance and poor air permeability.

TR foundation

TR sole material is a new product improved on the basis of TPR, which is a synthetic material of TPE and rubber, and its product performance is excellent. Thermal injection molding, in which molecules move in a spherical shape. It has the characteristics of various appearance patterns, good hand feeling, bright color, high smoothness and high technical content, and can be recycled at 100%, belonging to environmental protection sole materials.

Artificial leather sole

It is a typical rubber and plastic material with high elasticity. The main ingredient is rubber as the base material, and 10% ~ 30% high styrene is added to imitate the performance of leather soles. The appearance is similar to that of natural sole leather, with grain patterns, and the products made of it are light and clear.

Wear light and comfortable, no noise, non-slip and wear-resistant. This kind of sole has good elasticity, high hardness and rigidity, and its performance is very similar to that of natural leather. Although it is not as breathable and hygroscopic as natural leather, it also has the advantage of not being afraid of water.

BPU seabed

It is a new modified polyurethane (PU), which has the advantages of environmental protection, low density (ultra-light), thick surface crust (smooth surface), good toughness, not easy to break and good weather resistance. It can replace EVA outsole, EVA waterproof platform, PVC blowing platform, wooden shoes, PVC foaming platform and so on.

This modified polyurethane wood-like material is light, beautiful in wood grain, temperature resistant and adjustable in degradation cycle, and it is a new type of green material.

Beef tendon (tendon) bottom

Thermoplastic elastomer sole, light yellow translucent sole, named for its color and properties like beef tendon. "Tendon bottom" means as strong as tendon, but tendon bottom is made artificially, also called thermoplastic elastic rubber bottom. (It started with rubber beef tendon. At that time, this color was mainly made into sandals and connected with other materials, which was called beef tendon color. It can be said that beef tendon originally refers to natural rubber, and later evolved into a color card name. )

Tendon base can be made of rubber or plastic, and thermoplastic rubber (TPR) is the most convenient. This kind of sole has beautiful appearance, good elasticity and wear resistance, comfortable wearing and no noise when walking. It is a good sole material for travel shoes and shoes for daily life.

Rubber beef tendon: it will turn white after a long time, and there will be a layer of misty secretion on the surface; Cut a little with a blade and ignite it with fire until it is black and gray, leaving a little white solid that is difficult to fall off when burning, and there is a little black smoke in the stench of rubber. With the development of technology, some misty secretions of rubber beef tendon may not appear. )

TPR beef tendon: cut a little with a knife and light it with fire. When burning, there is black smoke mixed with a little gray-green, dripping with a sticky smell. The burning time is faster than that of rubber beef tendon, leaving a little black coke solid.

Menaidi

Minai soles (also called Ban, Lido Sticker and Rubber Imitation Leather Shoe soles) are actually rubber soles, but the processing methods are different. Naphthalene glycol is cheaper than it.

Minolta's main component is rubber, which is fine in texture and resistant to abrasion and twists and turns. It is infinitely extended, with a general width of 1 m, and is cut into 2 meters after coming out of the drum. It must be punched with a punching knife and then polished and colored. Generally, the thickness is between 3 and 5 mm, depending on the demand.

Raw rubber base

Raw rubber is the general name of rubber that has not been plasticized and mixed, and it is the most fundamental raw material for manufacturing mixed rubber, including natural rubber and synthetic rubber. What we usually call the wear resistance of raw rubber soles, the raw rubber soles here are actually cooked rubber soles, which are treated raw rubber, but the appearance is just like raw rubber, which is a mistake we have established.

Raw rubber has poor molding effect, low hardness and density, and is easy to wear and break; However, the characteristics of mature rubber are just the opposite, with better wear resistance and toughness. Ripe rubber is widely used, such as automobile tires; Raw rubber is only used to make low-grade daily necessities, such as slippers.

PC bottom

Polycarbonate (PC) resin is a kind of excellent thermoplastic engineering plastic, which has outstanding impact resistance, good creep resistance and dimensional stability, heat resistance, low water absorption, non-toxicity and excellent dielectric properties. It is the only product with good transparency among the five kinds of engineering plastics, and it is also the fastest-growing general engineering plastic in recent years.

The PC base has the characteristics of good weather resistance, beautiful appearance, impact resistance, high light transmittance and strong plasticity.

ABS bottom

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer.

ABS engineering plastics are generally opaque, light ivory in appearance, non-toxic, tasteless, tough, hard and rigid, burning slowly, with yellow flames and black smoke. After burning, the plastic softens and burns, giving off a special cinnamon smell, but there is no melting and dripping phenomenon.

It has excellent comprehensive properties, excellent impact strength, good dimensional stability, electrical properties, wear resistance, chemical resistance, dyeability and good molding processability. Disadvantages: low thermal deformation temperature, flammability and poor weather resistance.

PE bottom

PE plastic (polyethylene), English name: polyethylene. Excellent corrosion resistance and electrical insulation (especially high frequency insulation), high rigidity, hardness and strength, small water absorption, good electrical performance and radiation resistance. The softness, elongation, impact strength and air permeability of PE sole are good; Good fatigue resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

PP bottom

PP plastic (polypropylene), English name: polypropylene. It is a linear polymer with high density, no side chain and high crystallinity, and has excellent comprehensive properties. When uncolored, it is white, translucent and waxy; Lighter than polyethylene. Transparency is also better than polyethylene (PE) and harder than polyethylene. PP sole has low density and good strength, rigidity, hardness and heat resistance. It has good electrical properties and high frequency insulation, is not affected by humidity, and is corrosion-resistant. But it is fragile at low temperature, not wear-resistant, easy to age and easy to decompose under certain conditions.

SBR bottom

Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a polymer elastomer material polymerized with butadiene and styrene as main monomers, with uniform and pure quality and few impurities. Soluble in benzene, toluene, gasoline, chloroform and other organic solvents. Unsaturated double bonds in styrene-butadiene rubber molecules and vulcanizing agents form a cross-linked network structure through substitution or addition reaction, and the styrene-butadiene vulcanized rubber reinforced by reinforcing agents has good physical and mechanical properties.

The vulcanization speed of styrene-butadiene rubber is slow, but the vulcanization straightness is good, it is not easy to over-vulcanize, and it has excellent properties such as aging resistance, heat resistance and wear resistance.

Wooden bottom

Other categories

Mixed materials, such as SBR, TPR, ABS and PVC/EVA/ PU fabrics; Hemp spinning, wool spinning, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of various materials of sandals 3 How to choose a good pair of sandals?

Step 1: Look at the appearance.

As mentioned above, some sandals use inferior materials, which will make the baby's feet suffocate in the shoes, make them airtight, make their feet uncomfortable, and various diseases will come to you.

Shoes that are more suitable for children, leather and canvas fabrics are the best choices for uppers and linings. As for airtight materials such as plastic and rubber, it is best to avoid them. The sole is made of beef tendon rubber sole, which is both non-slip and wear-resistant, and elastic, making the baby walk more comfortable.

Stylistically speaking, it is best to tilt your toes slightly, which can reduce the stumbling when walking. Then choose the one with the head wrapped around the heel.

Step 2: Look inward.

After reading the appearance, let's feel whether the shoes are suitable for the baby. We suggest that you remember the principle of "one fold, two pinches, three twists and four presses".

One fold: fold the sole in half, and the bending place should be in the first third of the sole;

The second pinch: pinch the heel of the shoe by hand, with sufficient hardness and support;

Three twists: twist the shoe body, bending flexibly, but not too soft, with good resilience;

Four presses: put your hand into the forefoot of the shoe and press it to see if it is too soft or too hard.

Step 3: Measure the length of the foot.

After choosing a pair of suitable shoes, we should finally determine the length of the feet and choose the right size for the baby. Give you two ways:

Method 1: Prepare a ruler, a blank sheet of paper and a pen. Let the baby step on the white paper and mark the position of big toe and heel. Then use a ruler to measure the distance between them, that is, the foot length.

Method 2: Install the foot tester directly. Keep your baby's feet at the same angle as the foot tester, and keep your heels close to the tailgate. After making sure that the baby's feet are completely straight, move the sliding baffle to the toes, indicating that the baby's feet are long!

After measuring the baby's foot length, you can choose the foot length +0.5 cm when choosing shoes. This is the baby's shoe size! Older children can choose shoes with a foot length of+1 cm, and they are not too loose!

If you take your baby directly to the mall to buy shoes, you can try them on and feel them. As long as you press it, you can immediately press the baby's little toe, pass! When you press it or pinch it, it feels empty, pass! When you press it, you can feel the baby's little feet wriggling and curling freely and comfortably in the shoes, and it's OK!