In what ways have ancient Chinese costumes been influenced by Confucianism?
As a cultural phenomenon, clothing was bound by "ceremony" before the traditional position of Confucianism was established in Han Dynasty. Later, Confucius put forward "self-denial and self-defense", and the Han Dynasty included "righteousness" in the Five Classics. "Etiquette" focuses on the whole social activities and complex projects, and has comprehensive and strict regulations on clothing. It is a typical reflection of the etiquette system advocated by Confucianism in clothing, which has directly influenced China people's clothing concepts and styles for thousands of years. For example, after the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, the new rulers learned the lessons of the Qin Dynasty and made very detailed regulations on the dress etiquette system, which not only strictly standardized the style and color of Guanbai costumes, but also restricted folk costumes. At that time, people could only wear real linen clothes, not other colors. In addition, detailed and complete provisions have been made on daily necessities, such as related basic needs of life, such as clothes, hats, shoes and socks, chariots and horses, daily necessities and so on. In the Han Dynasty, colors, varieties, materials and colors were strictly classified. All previous dynasties set up relevant institutions to manage the etiquette system. As a superstructure, the rulers of past dynasties took this as the code of conduct, and ruled people's thoughts through legal system, ethics, philosophy and other means, so that people followed the rules and behaved appropriately, making it a corresponding atmosphere. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of feudal society in China, and both people's thoughts and material production reached a certain historical height. Dress decoration shows the hierarchy of feudal etiquette in the form of unique "signs". There is a record about the origin of China's official clothing supplement in Old Tang Book: "In February of the second year, the secretariat gave embroidered robes, and each robe was embroidered with eight characters on the back ... The king decorated with dragon deer, the prime minister decorated with phoenix pool, and the minister decorated with goose." It can be seen that the embroidered robes given to Guan Bai by Wu Zetian are mainly birds and animals, and the decorative parts are on the front and back. This practice is symbolic to some extent. As a tangible cultural symbol, it is directly expressed in clothing, which makes it have obvious Chinese etiquette and cultural characteristics. In the Song Dynasty, influenced by Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, people in the Song Dynasty obtained the beauty of elegance by burning gold ornaments and simple clothes, and made detailed and strict regulations on women's clothes. The clothing system in Song Dynasty is closely related to Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. Clothing in Qing Dynasty is the peak of China's clothing development, and the decorative effect of clothing patterns at this time has also reached its peak. In the Qing Dynasty, the design of patterns inherited the patterns of the twelve chapters, and on the basis of the Eight Auspicious Patterns of the Ming Dynasty, the decorative function of the patterns was incorporated, which made it complicated. During this period, a kind of decoration called "Buzi" appeared on the clothing, with the pattern of "Buzi" representing the dignity of the official position, and the difference of the pattern of "Buzi" reflected the strict hierarchy of the Qing Dynasty. Moreover, the hats in Qing Dynasty changed the styles and costumes of previous dynasties, paying attention to the decoration of wearing flower feathers on the hats, and embodying different official positions with different flower feathers. Therefore, if we analyze the differences between the clothing development in Qing Dynasty and the clothing in previous dynasties, it is mainly manifested in the complicated stacking of various clothing decorative patterns and the embodiment of hierarchy concept in the patterns. It can be said that "courtesy" is an important support of China's ancient legal right system. In this process, clothing plays a very important auxiliary role. China's clothing system has been closely linked with China's etiquette thought, which makes the patterns of ancient Chinese clothing develop according to etiquette.