Chemical safety knowledge 1. Chemical safety knowledge

1 Chemical analysts should wear labor protection articles as required.

2. Analytical drugs should be classified and stored, and strong oxidants, low-boiling inflammables and drugs that can have violent interaction should be stored according to the minimum packaging quantity. The drug storehouse shall not be overloaded or mixed.

It is forbidden to store a large number of dangerous goods in the analysis room. Reagents and drugs used for analysis must be labeled.

3 analysts should abide by the relevant provisions of national standards when sampling, and pay attention to the relevant safety regulations of the on-site production workshop. 4 compressed gas cylinders should be properly kept and stored separately, and hydrogen should be stored in * * *, with no more than two bottles in the laboratory and no leakage.

Hydrogen cylinders and oxygen cylinders shall not be mixed. Liquid oxygen should not be dumped indoors, but should be treated outdoors; And abide by the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Gas Cylinders.

Liquefied petroleum gas should be properly kept for glass workers to use. 6 Strengthen ventilation to prevent harmful gases in the air from exceeding the standard.

Smoking is strictly prohibited in the laboratory. Open flame operation must be approved, and hot work is not allowed without permission. 8 oil bath can't be excessive, electric heater is fixed, and it is not allowed to move casually.

Highly toxic products should be analyzed by special personnel and operated according to regulations. If toxic gas is generated during the analysis, it should be analyzed in the poison gas cabinet. 10 highly toxic samples should be sent back to the workshop in time to prevent loss.

1 1 Operators of highly toxic reagents must know the chemical properties of the preparation and wear protective equipment during operation to prevent accidental diffusion and pollution during operation. 12 where highly toxic reagents are used, there must be ventilation equipment. Before operation, turn on the ventilation equipment before work.

Continue to ventilate after work, and then turn off the ventilation equipment later. Ventilation equipment is not allowed to work when it fails.

13 highly toxic reagents shall be kept by special personnel, and must be strictly controlled when used, and shall not leave without authorization. After the 14 test, the operator should thoroughly clean and clean the instruments and workplaces that use highly toxic reagents.

Unused toxic reagents must be properly placed and clearly marked, and it is forbidden to take the reagents out of the room. 15 drugs must be under the dual responsibility system of two people.

Storage and collection must be carried out in accordance with the provisions of drug administration, and the use of drama drugs must be operated by two people. 16 the scientific research and test analysis of new products, new processes, new varieties and new equipment must be reported to the factory and relevant departments for approval before the analysis can be carried out.

The toxicity and related safety, physical and chemical properties of raw materials, intermediate products, products and by-products needed for 17 test should be understood when analyzing the test products. In the analysis of 18 test products, it is necessary to improve the detection methods of toxic and harmful substances, safety protection measures and the idea of "three wastes" treatment, and the dramatic drugs and explosives after test and analysis must be collected centrally to prevent accidents.

19 the production analysis of expanded test products can only be carried out after passing the inspection by the security department. When analyzing and sampling the raw materials of inflammable and explosive chemical products, we must operate in strict accordance with the relevant provisions on fire prevention and explosion prevention.

2. What are the main contents of common knowledge about dangerous chemicals?

(1) The concept chemicals of hazardous chemicals refer to all hazardous chemicals that are flammable, explosive, highly toxic, corrosive and radioactive in the process of production, storage, transportation, use and waste disposal, and may cause personal injury, property loss and environmental pollution.

(2) Classification of common hazardous chemicals ① Explosives. It refers to an article that can undergo a violent chemical reaction under the action of the outside world, instantly produce a large amount of gas and heat, and make the surrounding pressure rise sharply, resulting in an explosion. It also includes articles that have no overall explosion danger, but are in danger of burning, throwing and slight explosion.

② Compressed gas and liquefied gas. Refers to the gas that is compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure and stored in pressure-resistant containers or special high-strength containers.

③ Flammable liquid. Refers to liquid substances that are easy to ignite and burn at room temperature, such as ethanol and benzene.

Most of these substances are organic compounds, and many of them belong to petrochemical products. (4) Flammable solids, spontaneous combustion items and flammable items when wet.

Flammable solids refer to solids with low ignition point, sensitive to heat, impact and friction, easily ignited by external fire sources, burning rapidly, and possibly emitting toxic smoke or gas, but do not include items that have been listed as explosives. ⑤ Oxidants and organic peroxides.

Oxidant refers to a substance that is in a high oxidation state, strong in oxidation, easy to decompose and release oxygen and heat; Organic peroxide refers to an organic substance containing peroxy groups in its molecular composition, which is flammable, explosive, easy to decompose and extremely sensitive to heat, vibration or friction. 6 toxic substances and infectious substances.

This kind of chemical substance refers to a certain amount of chemicals that can interact with body fluids and organs and tissues chemically or physically, disturb or destroy the normal physiological functions of the body, cause temporary or permanent pathological changes in some organs and systems, and are selected as life-threatening items. All landowners radioactive material.

Such articles can spontaneously and continuously emit rays that cannot be detected by human sensory organs. Many radioactive substances are so toxic that they cannot be neutralized by chemical or other methods to prevent them from emitting radiation. Only appropriate materials can be used to remove or absorb shielding.

8 Corrosive products. Such articles refer to solids or liquids that can burn human tissues and cause damage to metals and other articles.

Its main components are acid and alkali. It is corrosive to human body and can cause chemical burns.

Most corrosive products have different degrees of toxicity, and some are toxic drugs. Pet-name ruby miscellaneous

Refers to the dangerous nature of other articles that do not include magnetic articles and those specified in the first eight categories of dangerous goods. .

3. What are the safety measures for using dangerous chemicals?

Safety measures for the use of hazardous chemicals: (1) Avoid direct contact when using, do not wash your hands with chemical solvents, and do not take them by mistake. In particular, if you come into contact with corrosive chemicals, rinse them with plenty of water immediately.

(2) Flammable and explosive places: It is forbidden to use naked flame. If it is really necessary to use naked flame, it must be approved in advance, and adequate preventive measures must be taken before operation. (3) Don't wear chemical fiber clothing or shoes with nails in workplaces with fire and explosion hazards, so as to avoid fire caused by static electricity or sparks.

(4) Be careful when handling dangerous chemicals. Wear protective equipment and operate in strict accordance with the specified requirements.

You can't carry dangerous chemicals by bus, train, plane and other means of transportation, and you can't carry them by mail. (5) Waste chemicals should be properly handled.

4. What are the safety knowledge of chemical plants?

I know. What do you want? Too many.

I, I recently made an oxygen generator for you! Case 1 oxygen cylinder filling explosion accident 1. Overview of the accident and on the morning of June 6th, 2003 12, an oxygen company went to an industrial gas station in Jiangdu City to refuel, with ***6 oxygen cylinders. After the bottler unloaded the oxygen cylinders, 30 oxygen cylinders were divided into two groups, each group 15.

At about 12: 50, one group of filling is finished, the field filling worker closes the main filling valve, and then begins to unload the filling fixture. When the filling worker unloaded the third gas cylinder fixture, one of the gas cylinders exploded, and a filling customer died on the filling platform on the spot, and an operator was injured. There are 6 filling rooms in this station, each of which is 6m long and 4 m wide. There are 30 inflatable heads in the filling room. After the gas cylinder exploded, the back wave pushed down the firewall of the main filling room, completely blew up the filling pipeline of the filling room, broke the glass of the window and completely lifted off the roof of the filling room.

The exploded gas cylinder was blown into three sections, with the large section weighing 29 kg, the middle section weighing 23.5 kg and the small section weighing 3.5 kg. After the gas cylinder exploded, 3.5 kg of small bottle fragments flew from the house to the wheat field outside the gas station fence, 35 meters away from the explosion point. Two. Analysis of the cause of the accident (I) The direct cause is analyzed from on-site evidence collection and access to relevant information, and the opinions are as follows: 1. Experts from Yangzi Petrochemical Western Europe Gas Co., Ltd. were invited to sample the residual liquid oxygen in the storage tanks of the station and bring it back to Nanjing for analysis. Results It was confirmed that the liquid oxygen in the storage tank was qualified, and the unqualified gas source was excluded. 2. According to the original cylinder manufacturing and inspection marks on the explosive fragments, consult the inspection report of the seamless cylinder inspection station, and know that the bottle has passed the inspection, and the factor of filling expired bottles has been ruled out within the inspection validity period; 3. It was found at the explosion site that the bottle body was blown into three pieces (the collar was found during the cleaning process), and the weight was about 56kg, which was consistent with the weight stated in the inspection report. A piece of debris weighing about 3.5kg flew from the wall of the gas station, about 35m away from the explosion point.

From the explosion fragments, it is found that there are traces of metal melting and metal oxides left in the range of 400mm* 150mm on the middle and lower surface of the bottle, which indicates that the explosion of oxygen cylinder has the characteristics of chemical explosion. 4. By consulting relevant data and filling records, and conducting on-site investigation, the relevant personnel are inquired and recorded, and it is known that the safety valve and pressure gauge on the filling platform are within the validity period, and there is a calibration report. At that time, the filling pressure was 1 1.0MPa, and the explosion site was also cleaned up. It was found that there were three bottles on the right side of the explosion bottle with gas. On-site pressure test found that all three bottles had pressure, about 10.0MPa, which further ruled out the possibility of physical explosion (no overpressure); 5. The above three gas cylinders were sampled with ear-absorbing balls and tested with lit cigarette butts, and it was found that no gas explosion occurred. At the same time, the pressure of 1 gas cylinder was tested, and it showed 9.0MPa.

After that, the pressure of the three bottles dropped to about 2.0MPa, and the flammable gas alarm device did not find any flammable gas in the bottles. To sum up, the accident was caused by the mixing of other combustible substances (inclined to grease) in the oxygen bottle, and the combustible substances in the bottle were mixed with oxygen during filling, resulting in a chemical explosion.

(2) Indirect causes 1. The safety management system is not strictly implemented. According to "Gas Station Gas Cylinder Filling Management System", the filling station belongs to flammable and explosive places, and non-filling personnel are not allowed to enter the gas cylinder filling station, but filling customers are allowed to enter the gas cylinder filling station. According to the accident site cleaning analysis, there are still gases in the three gas cylinders on the right, which may be that the deceased participated in the valve closing operation of the gas cylinders, and no one found it in the gas station, indicating that there are still many weak links in the safety management of the station. 2. The gas station did not strictly implement the provisions of safety inspection before gas cylinder filling.

According to the national regulations on gas cylinder filling, the appearance of gas cylinders should be inspected before filling, and the temperature of the cylinders should be continuously checked one by one during filling, so as to prevent other flammable substances from being mixed in the gas cylinders and prevent the temperature from rising during filling, which is also one of the important reasons for the explosion of gas cylinders. Iii. accident lessons 1. Before gas filling, besides strict external inspection, it is also necessary to carry out sampling analysis and inspection during filling, which is an important measure to prevent gas cylinder explosion; 2. The gas station refueling room must strictly implement the safety management system of no entry for idle people; 3. Strengthen the safety training and education of employees, and constantly enhance their safety awareness and self-protection awareness.

Case 2 gas cylinder explosion accident 1. General situation of the accident and a 130 car passing through a gold smelter in a city returned to Jiyuan City after loading two cylinders filled with liquid ammonia in Qinyang Fertilizer Plant. On the way back, a liquid ammonia cylinder suddenly exploded in front of the tax office in Xiwan Town, Qinyang City. The exploded steel cylinder flew up and smashed the cab of the car. The driver in the cab died on the spot and the supply and marketing buyer was seriously injured.

The liquid ammonia in the exploded steel cylinder was ejected from the bottle and spread rapidly, hurting the field personnel to varying degrees. Another cylinder that didn't explode was thrown 4.8 meters out of the car.

The explosion accident * * * caused five deaths, seven serious injuries and seven minor injuries. Causing economic losses 175000 yuan.

Second, the accident cause analysis 1. The management of liquid ammonia filling in Qinyang Chemical Fertilizer Plant is chaotic, and there is no strict filling management system. There is no equipment or device for weighing and filling gas cylinders, and there is no control over overload.

The filling workers only observed with naked eyes whether the gas valve of the cylinder was sprayed with fog drops as a sign of filling requirements, and did not weigh it with a scale, nor did they weigh it again after filling. According to practice, this filling method can easily lead to excessive filling of liquid ammonia.

After the accident, the unexploded liquid ammonia cylinder was inspected. The actual filling capacity of the cylinder is 247.8 kg of liquid ammonia, and the maximum filling capacity of the cylinder is 200 kg. So one of the direct causes of this accident is the overloading of liquid ammonia cylinders.

2. Poor personnel quality and weak sense of responsibility. After loading two liquid ammonia cylinders, the driver of 130 did not return to the factory directly according to the prescribed route. Instead, at the request of the supply and marketing salesman, he drove to his house to deliver chemical fertilizer, changed the driving route without permission, bypassed 13 km, crossed the market, and extended the shipment time. Due to the high temperature and long exposure time, it provides external conditions for the overload gas cylinder to heat up and overpressure, resulting in

Therefore.

5. Chemical safety knowledge: What kinds of fire extinguishers are there?

First, the classification of fire extinguishers is usually classified according to the different fire extinguishing agents contained in the extinguishers, including water type, dry powder type, carbon dioxide type, foam type and halon type fire extinguishers. Second, the classification of fires is generally divided into five categories, namely, Class A (solid), Class B (liquid), Class C (gas), Class D (metal) and Class E (live fire). Third, the configuration and use of fire extinguishers. Generally, foam, sodium bicarbonate dry powder, ammonium phosphate dry powder, carbon dioxide and Class B water-type fire extinguishers are selected; generally, sodium bicarbonate dry powder, ammonium phosphate dry powder and Class D carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are selected, which are generally sand or other special fire extinguishers. None of the above-mentioned commonly used fire extinguishers can use Class E fire extinguishers, and sodium bicarbonate dry powder, ammonium phosphate dry powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are generally selected.