The detection of components is more complicated, and it can't be learned in a short time. Simply put.
Required instruments and equipment: lighter, microscope, water bath oscillator, oven, electronic balance, glass sand core crucible, drying tray, etc.
Chemical reagents required: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonia water, etc.
Steps: There are two steps. One is qualitative, that is, to determine which fiber components are contained in the fabric. Take a piece of fabric with unknown composition, observe the cross-sectional shape of fiber with a microscope, preliminarily determine the fiber category by combining with combustion method, and then confirm it by chemical method to obtain the fiber category. Of course, melting point meter, densimeter and spectrum can also be used to assist in judgment. Second, quantification is to measure the percentage of various components. The main principle is to use the different chemical properties of fibers, such as cotton/polyester fabrics. Cotton can be dissolved in 75% sulfuric acid, but polyester fiber is insoluble, so you can take a certain weight of fabric, dry and weigh it, dissolve cotton with sulfuric acid, and then dry and weigh polyester fiber, so as to calculate the respective weights of cotton and polyester fiber, and then calculate the percentage content. Other components of the fabric and so on.
2.ph value
Instrument: Acidimeter
Reagents: distilled water or deionized water, potassium chloride, buffer solution, oscillator, electronic balance.
Step: Cut 2g of fabric to be tested into small pieces of 5mm×5mm, put it in a flask, add water or potassium chloride solution, shake it for 2 hours, and then measure the pH value with an acidity meter.
The specific detection is complicated, including the configuration of chemical reagents, especially sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, which have certain professional requirements. It is recommended to attend professional training. You need to download the relevant test methods, including FZ/T 0 1057. 1-2007 Identification Test Methods for Textile Fibers Part 65438: General Description and GB/T 29 10. 1-2009 Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Textiles Part 65438.