"Each battalion (5,000 people) uses 3,600 thunderbolts, 9,000 kilograms of drugs and 900,000 rifles weighing 8 cents. ...

Dalian Pearl Gun has 200 rounds, with a total dosage of 675 kg. It is impossible to know what weapons are similar to today, which may be machine guns or multiple rocket launchers.

Handle □400. pistol

General Zhankou 160 ... General Zhankou is the name of the field heavy artillery in Ming Dynasty. "

In addition 1000 people are cavalry.

After combing, you will find that the Ming army was very mechanized-

A camp of 5000 people has:

1000 cavalry

3,600 infantry (all firearms)

400 guns (one self-defense pistol per person, responsible for 160 field heavy artillery and 200 "Dalian Pearl cannons")

Don't think that this compilation table was written by later generations, it was written around 1550.

China's establishment of armed forces with firearms appeared very early and was very sound. As early as the Yuan Dynasty to Shunnian, the army had been equipped with metal guns that fired iron bullets with a caliber of more than 20 mm, thus giving birth to the earliest artillery in China, and the establishment of the "gunner army" and "gunner Wanjiazhai". Later, due to the vigorous development of firearms, the Ming army was generally equipped with firearms, and the main weapon of war turned to the use of firearms.

When Zhu Yuanzhang was in power, the Ming army initiated the water attack tactics of attacking enemy ships with guns and cold weapons in turn, and all garrison troops 10% were equipped with guns. Ming Emperor Chengzu also set up a special gun team-Ji Shenying, which was an independent gun, in the Beijing Army when the toe of Yongle Eight (65,438+0,465,438+00) was recruited. Ming Chengzu put forward the operational principle of "magic weapon first, cavalry last" in his March to Mobei. Magic weapon battalion has played an important role in fighting infantry and cavalry, making the application of firearms more professional and becoming a branch of the army.

In the mid-Ming Dynasty, when Qi Jiguang was guarding Ji Town in northern Xinjiang (now northwest of Qianxi County, Hebei Province), soldiers who used guns and other firearms accounted for 50% of the total number of water battalions, infantry battalions, riding battalions, car battalions and trench battalions.

Left and right. The chariot battalion it founded is almost the same as the current armored chariot battalion: the chariot battalion has more than 3 100 officers and men, 256 French guns and 8 generals (heavy large-caliber guns); Each car camp has 128 chariots, and each chariot is equipped with two Buddha spears, four bird sticks and four rocket soldiers. On average, every 12 soldier is equipped with an artillery, so that muskets can always take turns shooting in the face of war. There are about 2700 officers and men in the riding camp, equipped with 60 guns.

Therefore, in the early Ming Dynasty, the looting cost of nomadic people in the north increased greatly (too many dead people and too little harvest), so it can be said that Mongolia declined. At the end of Ming Dynasty, the quality and use level of firearms of Ming army were higher than that of Japanese army. At that time, the Japanese and Korean armies were well-equipped and very sophisticated, but many of the Ming armies went to the battlefield without armor.

Regular army establishment table in the early Ming Dynasty;

Battalion strength: 3,600 infantry (all armed with firearms);

1000 cavalry;

400 artillery (managing field heavy artillery and Dalian Pearl artillery);

* * * 5,000 officers and men.

Equipped with firearms: 3600 lightning (infantry gun);

9000 kilograms of drugs;

900,000 pieces of lead weighing eight dollars;

Dalian Pearl Gun 200 rounds (multi-barrel);

675 kilograms of drugs;

Handle 400 (spear for artillery self-defense);

General Zhan Kou 160 (field heavy artillery).

Detailed information on the establishment of car camps in the late Ming Dynasty (Sun Chengzong and Qi Jiguang)

About the preparation of the car camp: the preparation of the car camp is divided into five levels: camp-rush-balance-ride-car.

4 charges per battalion-2 cars per charge-4 cars per charge-4 cars per charge (sidecar),

A total of 128 chariots were assigned to the infantry battalion.

Infantry and cavalry battalions are modeled after battalions.

Every 100 infantry battalion is 1 times -400, 1 balance -800, 1 rush-4,3200 and 1 infantry battalion.

The cavalry battalion is 1 ride -200 50 ride 1 balance -400 1 rush -4 rush 1600 1 cavalry battalion;

In addition, it is equipped with 2 cavalry all-brave teams (reserves) and a * * *, 2400 cavalry.

Records about sidecars:

During the reign of Ming Daizong Zhu Qijue (Jingtai Emperor), Deng Guo once built a defensive sidecar in Datong. The heights of the shaft are 1.3, 0.9 and 0.75 respectively. The car is made of thin steel plate with spears on it. 10 people use it. When you come out, match it left and right, connect it back and forth, and pull it with a hook and loop.

Since then, sidecars have been built in Chenghua, Jiajing and Qin Long for three years, and in Qin Long for three years (1569), Qi Jiguang once built sidecars in Jizhou. Its type-only one sidecar is used for external use, and each car weighs more than 600 kilograms.

Soon after, when the Ming army was guarding Guangning in Liaodong, Wei made another improvement-every two cars were equipped with 1 carbine, the gap was filled, and the frame was surrounded by cotton wool sheets to avoid falling rocks. The vehicle is equipped with 2 Franco machines and 6 fast guns, each carbine is equipped with a 12 handle and the fast guns are loaded.

Data of automobile camp compiled by Sun Chengzong (standard automobile camp):

Battalion strength: 3,200 infantry;

2,400 cavalry;

5 12 trencher;

Officers, attendants, messengers and handymen at all levels 5 15;

* * * 6627 officers and men.

Equipped with firearms: 1984 guns,

Among them, there are 256 species of birds;

3 guns1728;

The size of the French machine is * * * 256;

88 guns of all kinds (hongyi, Shen Fei, lyu3 bu4, etc. ).

Equipped vehicles: 128 sidecar (chariot).

There are 256 trench cars.

According to the above, it can be seen that there are not many bird spears equipped by the Ming army, mainly continuous melee.

Three-eye gun is the main gun. This is because the Ming army is equipped with a large number of long-range artillery (the number is catching up with the modern armored division! ), so the range of individual firearms is not too high. As long as the firepower is strong enough, the Ming army will create a synthetic combat formation suitable for firearms.

Qi Jiguang sorted out the information of Cheying and Buying, which may be written in Sun Tzu's Art of War and will be planned and implemented. For reference only:

Che Ying: 2,048 combatants;

106 1 officers, handymen, craftsmen, drivers, etc.

Battalion officers and men ***3 109.

Equipment: 256 French (768 French);

Chicken gizzard 5 12 branches (chicken gizzard 5 12 people);

General (heavy large caliber artillery) 8 doors;

There are *** 1320 gunmen on it, accounting for 64.2% of the combatants;

Others are soldiers equipped with cold weapons, such as long gunmen and rattan hands.

Battalion: 265,438+060 combatants;

539 officers, handymen, craftsmen, etc. ;

2,699 officers and men in the whole battalion.

Equipment: 1080 bird (1080 bird).

Firefighters *** 1080, accounting for 50% of the combatants.

There are also soldiers who are only equipped with cold weapons, such as long gunmen and rattan hands;

Among them, there are 2 16 square rakes equipped with 6480 rockets.

In addition, it should be noted that one or three guns can be used as hammers after shooting; Second, the bird spears of the Ming army all have spears, which are the same as the contemporary European matchlock guns, and their technical parameters are similar, so the power is not small; Third, in the three-talent array of the Ming army, there is a kind of cavalry called "jumping team", which is estimated to be the three-eye artillery cavalry unit; Fourth, the Ming army used a lot of firearms, so both cavalry and officers were equipped with light armor; Fifth, the proportion of Ming cavalry equipped with firearms reached about 48%. Imagine that if a large number of cavalry suddenly rushed out to throw muskets, it would be difficult for ordinary troops to resist; Sixth, the number of muskets equipped by Ming cavalry is very small, and the main equipment is multi-barrel melee muskets. Seventh, Qi Jiguang thought that muskets were also suitable for cavalry, so it was inferred that the musket cavalry of Qijiajun should be famous for their accurate marksmanship; Eight, Qi Jiguang's car-making system should be closer to the Ming army during the non-Chen War in Korea. Sun Chengzong's car camp based on the tactics of Qijiajun is no different from the modern armored division, and it is a weapon for fighting cavalry in the plain area. Nine, Yuan Chonghuan directly under the army-the most elite "Ning Guan fighters" in the Ming Dynasty, equipped with

The five-eyed matchlock gun was invincible in the world at that time.

Details of Sun Chengzong Cheying II:

Battalion strength: 127 officers at all levels;

5988 cavalry, infantry, command, handyman, etc. ;

There are 5 12 trenchers.

Equipped vehicles: 128 sidecar;

256 quasi-forward vehicles;

256 trench cars;

Equipped with war horses: 296 official horses;

There are 3024 horses.

Animal power: 32 firearms carry camels;

120 musket mule;

The trench car drove 256 cows.

Equipped with firearms: universal gun16;

80 guns were destroyed;

Franco machine 256 is quite;

256 birds;

Three shots 1728.

Armed weapons: 1273 pairs of bows and arrows;

256 crossbows;

1280 spears, knives and axes;

7680 rockets;

256;

256 rattan cards;

There are 5888 waist knives.

Armor: 2,500 cavalry (including Zhong Jun's 100 riding messenger);

The car is 128 pair;

97 arms and hands of the management team;

Forearm hand 128 pairs.

Details of logistics forces:

Staffing: internal general 1, Chinese army1;

30 military vehicles;

254 handyman;

Car gun 1622 people;

Whole battalion *** 1908 people.

Equipped with firearms: car-mounted Buddha Lang machine 160 doors (3 persons per door);

There are 640 bird spears (640 spearmen).

Animal power of vehicles: 256 trench vehicles;

There are 256 cows to drive away.

Miscellaneous tools: two sets of gold, drums, flags and sounders;

96 rope piles;

Reject 256 carbine;

256 firemen's pointed shoulders;

224 fire sickles;

354 lanterns;

736 iron platoons;

496 iron wallets;

Sickle1216;

Axis128;

128 chisel;

There are 240 people in the hay cutter.

Grain and grass ditch: 200 stones per meter;

Black bean 500 stone;

Seven sons, 299 stones and 4 buckets;

Stir-fried noodles are 299 stones and 4 buckets.

500 gongs and flat-bottomed pots;

256 iron pots;

500 water bags;

There are 256 barrels.

The whole battalion can carry 65,438+0,000 munitions for three days at a time.

Water barracks information

Staffing: 2 posts in each battalion, ***5 10.

Firearms for warships: 10 large, medium and small warships;

General gun 4 doors;

40 doors of Franco machine;

30 bowls;

500 nozzles;

There are 68 beak spears.

Each battalion (5,000 people) uses 3,600 thunderbolts, totaling 9,000 Jin of drugs and 900,000 pieces of lead. 200 rifles and Dalian pearl cannons, with a total dose of 675 kg; There are 160 generals in Zhankou (General Zhankou is the name of heavy artillery in Ming Dynasty), and another 1 0,000 people are cavalry. It can be seen that the Ming Dynasty had strong military strength, heavy artillery and many attack weapons using gunpowder. It can be seen that the degree of "modernization" and "mechanization" of Ming army equipment is far from that of Qing army, which has only bows and arrows and guns for a long time. The number of troops in the Ming Dynasty was one of the highest in the history of China. When Zhu Yuanzhang was just founded, the national army reached 6.5438+0.8 million. Later, from Yongle to orthodoxy, it even exceeded 2 million, and it has remained at the level of 6.5438+0.2 million since orthodoxy.

/kloc-in the middle of the 6th century, western matchlock guns were introduced to China and Japan. At that time, Ming officials found that this long-tube western firearm was superior to Ming short-tube spear in charge and range, and immediately handed it over to the military situation for improvement. Ming-style matchlock gun, named bird spear, has an arc handle and a sight, which is beneficial to shooting at three points and one line. By the thirty-seventh year of Jiajing in Daming (AD 1558), the Ming army had more than 65438+100000. In the forty years of Jiajing (156 1), the Ming army invented the mother-child spear. 1 bird spear with 4 Zhi Zi spears can be fired continuously in turn.

1598, Zhao Shizhen, a firearms developer in the Ming Dynasty, improved the Rumi spear on the basis of the Turkish matchlock gun. This kind of firearms and ammunition has high loading capacity and long range, and its power is greater than that of European matchlock guns at the same time, and even lighter than that of Japanese matchlock guns during the Warring States period. Therefore, it was heavily equipped in the Ming army. It should be essential to defeat the Japanese army in the war to aid Korea.

1635, another Ming Dynasty firearms researcher Bi Yikang invented the flint gun. The flint gun is equipped with an automatic lighter, which is not afraid of wind and rain, and does not need to be ignited with a fire rope in advance, so the shooting speed and accuracy are greatly improved. Compared with the matchlock, this is a remarkable change. The self-development of flint gun in Ming dynasty was not much later than that of Europeans. however