The overall strategy of winter camping. \ x0d \ x0d \ There are no bugs, rattlesnakes and noises in the wild in winter, and there are no quieter mountains than in winter. Winter makes people return to the primitive, and donkeys don't need to hibernate. Feeling cold is very different from doing outdoor sports in cold weather. Trekking in the ice and snow seems to be self-abuse, but it is not. As long as you have sufficient preparation, correct equipment and outdoor skills, you can enjoy the happiness brought by white clothes in cold weather. \x0d\ \x0d\ You should adjust your mentality when hiking in winter. "Time" is the key-winter travel is not to rush mileage or speed, but to "grind time" and "consume time" and let time crawl slowly like a snail. Because in winter, all activities become slow: because there is snow under your feet and a bag on your back, it takes longer than usual to reach your destination; Because it is necessary to tamp down the snow before camping and dig out the cooking place, it takes more time to build a camp than in other seasons; Because of wearing three layers of gloves, the stove and gas tank are cold, making a fire to cook is much more difficult than usual; More importantly, traveling in winter means adjustment and adaptation to the ever-changing environment. \x0d\x0d\ Don't take safety lightly \ x0d \ As long as we have warm equipment and the awareness of avoiding accidents, the extreme environment itself is not dangerous. However, the slippery ice and snow under our feet and the threatening clouds overhead always remind us that we can't relax our vigilance. Pay attention to the weather change and don't worry about changing or giving up the plan. In the case of severe cold, high mountains or foreseeable bad weather, it is best to go out in groups of more than four people, so that no one will act alone when there is an emergency and rescue is needed. Prevent snow blindness. If you don't have snow goggles or sunglasses, you can temporarily dig two narrow covers on small pieces of cardboard, sawdust, leather or cloth to protect your eyes. \x0d\ \x0d\ Keep your body temperature \x0d\ The biggest danger facing the outdoors in winter comes from the low temperature during hiking and camping, so you must keep warm to prevent frostbite and hypothermia (hypothermia often happens quickly). You may not feel cold when you travel in the cold wind and rain. But once you stop moving forward, your body stops producing heat. The precursor of temperature loss is the inability to perform key mechanical actions, such as not opening the backpack, tearing the packaging of snacks, and even striking matches. Victims of hypothermia often don't know that they are in danger, and sometimes they just want to lie down and sleep. Once they fall asleep, they will never get up again. \x0d\ Measures to prevent temperature loss: \ x0d \ x0d \ Timely supplement high-energy food; \x0d\ Don't stay at the top of the mountain for too long on rainy days or when there is cold air flowing, your body will lose its temperature faster than expected in wet and windy conditions; \x0d\ Always keep a set of dry clothes and a pair of socks for later use. Walking for a day, hanging clothes is often life-saving; \x0d\ If you feel cold when you wake up in the morning or before going to bed at night, you can do some exercises (sit-ups, hip pinching, hand and foot massage, etc. ) Then have some hot drinks in the sleeping bag. This can keep the body temperature; \x0d\ Put on your hat and gloves. Most of the body's heat is emitted through the head, so it is very important to keep your fingers warm and flexible. \x0d\ Wear several layers of artificial wool or pure wool fabric. Pure cotton fabric is fatal. If you are wearing cotton clothes and start to get cold, you'd better take them off and put on a non-cotton underwear or coat. Because cotton fabric loses its thermal insulation performance once it is wet, and it is difficult to dry. \x0d\ Don't wear socks, your toes need to be active to keep warm; \x0d\ Rest in time and don't be too tired. \ x0d \ x0d \ How can I drink water? \x0d\ This is not a simple question. In summer, if the water source is reliable, the water in the wild can be directly boiled for drinking. However, in winter, when the earth is frozen, the amount of heat required for camping is nearly twice as much as usual (just staying warm while sleeping consumes more calories than usual). Many times, we need to melt snow or ice to get water and drink boiled water to supplement heat. Snow melting: \x0d\ Before snow melting, there should be a little water at the bottom of the pot, otherwise the direct snow melting will smell burnt. \x0d\ If it is sunny for several hours in a row, you can put the snow into a black garbage bag, tie the bag tightly and expose it to the sun until the snow melts; The melted snow in this way is best used for cooking, and it will have a faint plastic taste if you drink it directly. Prevention of icing: \x0d\ Put drinking water in a sleeping bag when you sleep, so that you won't worry about holding an ice jug when you get up early the next day. \x0d\ The water in the kettle can be prevented from freezing through the heat insulation sleeve. About the kettle: \x0d\ Wide-mouth kettle is more practical than narrow-mouth kettle in winter: it is more convenient to get water from the frozen spring; Wearing gloves is easier to operate; You can also add snow to the kettle with a spoon. \x0d\ If the kettle is full of boiling water, tighten the lid, and the water in the kettle will shrink during cooling, which will soften and deform the plastic. In order to prevent this from happening, open the lid of the kettle every 15 minutes to release steam to balance the internal and external pressures. \x0d\x0d\ It is best to bring fast food in winter \ x0d \ In order to replenish physical strength, backpackers need to bring heavy materials in winter, about one kilogram per person per day, and it is best to bring fast food. Because more fuel is needed in winter and gloves are needed, it is inconvenient to operate, and the less steps and time used for cooking, the better. Instant soup is a necessity, which can warm the body and prevent dehydration. \x0d\ You should choose high-calorie food with fat for lunch. Peanut products and canned fish are all good, but they freeze easily. Take out the food one hour before lunch and put it in a close-fitting pocket to thaw. \x0d\ Fast food is as important as keeping body temperature and energy. You can carry as much as possible according to your personal hobbies (chocolate, compressed biscuits, dried fruits, etc.). I feel sleepy and hungry, especially when I feel cold. Snacks should be placed where you can get them easily without taking off your backpack, and some should be prepared in the tent at night. \x0d\x0d\ Attention should be paid to cooking in winter: \ x0d \ Put a mat under the stove to slow down the heat from the stove to the ground and prevent the snow below from melting. There are three kinds of lighter floor mats to choose from: plastic floor mats, old mouse mats and square foam mats wrapped with tape. \x0d\ Use heat reflecting plate, wind deflector, etc. Close the lid tightly to save fuel, and don't always lift the lid. \x0d\ Wrap several layers of adhesive tape around the gas tank. The effect of this is to add an insulating layer between the finger and the gas tank. The temperature of the gas tank, like the air temperature, is often below zero, and direct contact with fingers will cause frostbite. \x0d\ Prepare a pair of gloves and put them with the tableware. \x0d\ Don't waste hot water. Boiling water can be used to cook a bowl of soup and steam rice. \x0d\ It is easier to cook a pot of rice, with less fuel and longer heat preservation time. \x0d\x0d\ Choose your camp \ x0d \ Choose a shelter. Try to choose an east-facing slope, and the tent will be exposed to the sun after sunrise. Remember to look around, in addition to the usual dangerous situation, but also pay attention to whether there is an avalanche nearby, and whether the snow on the branches will be blown off by the strong wind. Shrubs or boulders are ideal camps (without the above dangers). You can also build your own camp and build a snow wall. Avoid choosing places where cold air gathers, such as canyons. \x0d\ Tread on the flat ground with a sledge or snowshoes before camping, so that you won't get stuck in the soft snow when you climb into the tent. \x0d\ Even if the weather is fine, the tent should be repaired. In addition to using snow nails (slightly flat and slightly wider than ordinary nails), sledges, snow poles and ice axes can also be used for reinforcement. \x0d\ When camping in the snow, clothes, kettle, camera, film, etc. It should be put in a sleeping bag, and you should wear socks and a hat when you sleep. \ x0d \ x0d \ Bring your camping equipment \x0d\ 1. Snow goggles and Xue Gai: These are two necessities for walking in the snow. The former can prevent snow blindness; The latter can prevent snow from entering hiking shoes; \x0d\2。 Trekking poles: A trekking pole with guaranteed quality can help you master the terrain under heavy snow, avoid falling into snow cracks, and help you keep your body balanced in complex terrain. \x0d\3。 Moisture-proof pad: it is advisable to carry a thick or aluminized moisture-proof pad; Or bring an extra moisture-proof pad and aluminum film pad to increase warmth; \x0d\4。 Sleeping bag: down sleeping bag is the best choice (thick cotton sleeping bag and fleece sleeping bag can also be substituted), and the cashmere filling amount depends on the individual's physical quality, but moisture-proof work must be done well, and once it is wet, it will be difficult to dry; \x0d\5。 Clothing: In addition to normal waterproof and windproof clothing, a set of down jackets, gloves and hats are also essential; A pair of spare shoes; \x0d\6。 Others: You can prepare more plastic bags. Besides normal use, it can also be worn on hands and feet to keep warm in winter. \x0d\ hiking in the snow is correct \x0d\ 1. When the team is marching, the players at the back should try to step on the footprints of the players in front. First, for safety; Secondly, it can save a lot of physical strength; \x0d\2。 When the snow can't find the way, the strong players should take turns to open the way to ensure the average physical fitness of the whole team; \x0d\3。 The key to hiking in the snow is to be slow and steady. It doesn't matter if you walk less or slower. Don't rush for success. \x0d\\x0d\ Is the whole winter camping strategy really complete? Although it is long, it is definitely helpful for friends who camp in winter. \x0d\x0d\ This skill is nothing more than two aspects: \ x0d \ First, the thickness of insulation layer, of course, the thicker the warmer; \x0d\ The second is the heat source, and the human body itself is the heat source. How to increase the heat source is the key to cold resistance. \x0d\ Method 1: The simplest and most practical method is to make a hot water bag and fill it with hot water, such as a water bag or an ordinary water bottle, but be careful not to make the hot water too hot. Many water bottles are afraid of drinking soup. This skill prevents your water from freezing into "ice boiling", and it is also convenient to get up and drink at night. Some are heated with stones and wrapped in clothes. I haven't used it and I don't recommend it. \x0d\ Method 2: Take a thin sheet and cover it with the sleeping bag after drilling, which is equivalent to adding a "small tent" to the tent, so that you will have an extra layer of heat insulation to help you keep out the heat emitted by your body. If you open it, you will obviously feel cold. \x0d\ Method 3: Use all your belongings to resist the cold and wear sweaters and socks to sleep. Other clothes are covered outside the sleeping bag, and it is best to put a few pieces under it (especially the down sleeping bag, you can also bring half a moistureproof pad and put it above your neck and hips). ), the backpack can be placed on your feet, or it can be placed under the moisture-proof pad to thicken the insulation layer of the moisture-proof pad. It's better to cover the down jacket above than under it. Winter is better than spare parts, whether it is outdoor or civil. Because of its good compressibility, light weight and portability. \x0d\ Method 4: Two people are mutual heat sources, and sleeping with them is warmer. Of course, it is more suitable for couples and couples. The feet of two sleeping bags can be nested together, one below and the other above. \x0d\ Method 5: Drink hot drinks, milk, hot chocolate, etc. Before going to bed. It is best to drink Radix Isatidis (recommended) before going to bed to prevent colds and increase body calories. It is a good choice. Eating (strong mouth) can absorb more calories and ensure the needs at night. \x0d\ Method 6: Exercise properly before going to bed to warm your body and get into the sleeping bag. If it is cold in the middle of the night, you can also do some exercises, such as self-confrontation (push your knees with your hands, and your knees will fully resist the thrust of your hands, and heat will be generated in a few minutes. ) \x0d\ Method 7: Baby's sleeping position, which is quite common in animals. It's very simple: lie on your side, bend your knees and elbows, and hook your head into a "ball" as much as possible, so that you can sleep in your mother's body in the warmest way. If you carefully observe animals such as cats and dogs, this is the way we can learn from them. \ x0d \ x0d \ about sleeping. So this time I specially brought a super inflatable moisture-proof pad. After the automatic inflation is completed, I can blow it again, just like Simmons, so that the moisture on the ground can't come up. Use a small sleeping bag of 5 degrees and a large cotton sleeping bag of 0 degrees to get warm! \x0d\ Design a winter camping activity \x0d\ When planning a winter camping activity, especially a snow camping activity, please remember that the progress in winter will be much slower than that in summer. Reduce travel by 50% to 60%. In winter, the sunshine is short and the activity time is shorter. In cold weather, ordinary activities take longer. \x0d\ Build a shelter grounded on three sides in winter, and use a canopy to block the strong wind at the opening, which can make you very comfortable. Doing so can provide more space for sleeping, cooking and putting backpacks. And the awning is much lighter than the four seasons account. This kind of shelter is not common in winter, so it is not difficult to find a camping place. \x0d\x0d\ winter dress \ x0d \ layered dress so that you can easily adjust your clothes to control your body temperature and eliminate moisture on the body surface. Three layers of clothes are the most common: one is close to the skin (long pants and long sleeves), the other is warm (velvet), and the other is windproof and waterproof. Cotton products will kill you in winter. When wet, cotton products lose their ability to keep warm, whether the water comes from rain or internal perspiration. At the same time, cotton products need a long time to dry. Using wool or synthetic materials can better adapt to the cold environment. \x0d\ Your boots should be waterproof, such as waterproof leather or plastic. Even the fiber and leather lined with gore-tex will absorb water and freeze, which will make your feet directly in close contact with borneol. \x0d\ Wear a balaclava hat to prevent heat loss from the head. Because more than half of the heat is emitted from the head. So some people say, put on your hat if you feel cold. \x0d\ balaclava hat can protect your face and neck from cold and strong wind. It can also be used as a scarf and a mask. \x0d\ Don't wear a few pairs of socks. Because if your feet have poor blood circulation, you will get cold if you wear more socks. Too tight shoelaces can also affect blood circulation. \x0d\ Pay attention to your gloves, especially the inner layer, and don't be too tight. If they are too tight and the blood circulation in the hands is blocked, it is difficult to raise the temperature. \x0d\ Snow cover will make it difficult for snow and rain to get into boots, so it will make your feet drier and warmer. At the same time, the snow cover can also be used as another layer of warm clothing on the calf. \x0d\ Pay attention to tie gloves with velvet rope or safety rope to prevent them from being lost in the snow. \x0d\ Wear extra gloves or glove liners to replace wet gloves. \x0d\ Remember to wear enough dry socks. \x0d\ Putting gloves and socks in sleeping bags overnight can make them dry. \x0d\ \x0d\ Food and water \x0d\ Foods rich in carbohydrates can provide energy for walking and help keep your body temperature. \x0d\ One-pot dinner is most suitable for winter. Food should be easy to handle and delicious. \x0d\ Whether you are thirsty or not, you must drink more water. Dry air in winter will dehydrate you, and it will be too late when you find it. Water is a necessity for human body to generate heat. Observing the color of urine is a good way to check your dehydration. In the case of good drinking water, urine is pale or colorless. \x0d\ Use a warm kettle sleeve or put the kettle in wool socks to prevent the water inside from freezing. You can also make your own hot water bottle cap by wrapping the kettle with foam. \x0d\ Water mixed with Gatorade or lemon juice has a low freezing point. \x0d\ Water purifier is not suitable for use in winter. The residual water in the filter element of the water purifier will freeze, damage the sealing ring and affect the water purification effect. \x0d\ Chemical water purifier works slowly at low temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to wait patiently when using chemical water purification agents. \x0d\ When the snow melts, pour some water into the pot before the snow begins to melt to prevent the pot from drying. \x0d\ Take coffee filter paper to filter the melted snow water. There are many things you don't want to drink in the snow, such as dust, leaves, bugs and so on. \x0d\ Invert the kettle in sub-freezing weather, so that ice can be produced at the bottom of the cup instead of at the mouth of the cup. \x0d\ Longer cooking and boiling time requires you to carry more fuel than in summer. \x0d\x0d\ winter shelter \ x0d \ Three-season tents cannot cope with the heavy pressure of strong winds and snow that may occur in winter storms. At the same time, they are not enough to protect you in strong winds. On the other hand, the three-season account can adapt to the mild weather in winter. \x0d\ Try to choose a camping site that can avoid strong winds. If necessary, you can hang a canopy in the forest. \x0d\ Try to avoid vegetation and camp in the snow. The traces of camping in the snow will disappear with the melting of spring. \x0d\ Compacting snow at the selected camping site. Otherwise, your body will squeeze out a human figure in the soft snow. When this human figure freezes again, it will make you sleep very uncomfortable. \x0d\ Dig a hole of 1-2 inches in the snow in strong wind to set up a tent, so as to reduce the wind blowing into the tent. Dig a pit of 1-2 inches in the front hall of the tent where it is difficult to get in and out, which can make it easier to get in and out. \x0d\ Prepare a 4-6 inch rope for each nail hanging point, so that you can fix the tent with stones or logs where nails cannot be used due to frozen soil or soft snow. \x0d\ Conventional nails are ineffective in the snow. You can fix the tent with snow cones and special snow nails. \x0d\ When camping in thick snow, you can fill a gallon-sized frozen bag with snow and tie it to the ground nail hanging point instead of the ground nail. \x0d\ x0d \ daytime activities \ x0d \ control the accumulation and loss of heat by increasing or decreasing the number of clothes. Use waterproof shell and polar fleece jacket underarm zipper to eliminate heat and moisture. Too much evaporation of water will make you feel cold. \x0d\ If you have a long rest or end a day's trip, put on a warm coat before you feel cold, otherwise you will need to make great efforts to restore warmth. \x0d\ It is a good idea to divide a long lunch into several snacks and solve them several times. So it won't be too cold, and constantly adjust the number of clothes. \x0d\ Bring a small thermos for hot soup or hot drink. When you feel cold or want to find something hot, you can have some ready-made \x0d\ and pay attention to the signals sent by your body. Cold fingers and toes remind you that you should stop and find the cause of the problem. For example, cold toes may be due to tight shoelaces. \x0d\ Prepare a kettle on your hip bag, which you can easily get when you are thirsty. At the same time, the hip bag is also a good place to put snacks. \x0d\ x0d \ At the camp \ x0d \ If you are facing 2-3 feet of snow, take a shovel to expand the space in the tent and dig out the cooking trench. Dig a 2*2*2 foot hole. Sit on one side of the pit (mat), put your feet in the pit and use the other side as a table. Put on dry socks as soon as the camp is built. Wet socks on your feet can't keep your feet warm. \x0d\ In order to put on cold boots more easily the next day, try to widen the boot opening. So they don't freeze together. \x0d\ Warm boots with foam insoles will keep you warm better than walking shoes. \x0d\ Bring and use foam mats in the camp. Frozen ground or tent floor will quickly take away the heat from your hips. Similarly, you can sit on your own sleeping mat. \x0d\ Insulated coffee cups can better insulate hot drinks than ordinary cups. You can also use a large thermos cup to hold soup when eating. \x0d\ When resting around the camp at night, always prepare enough hot drinks. More liquid can help you, besides, no one will refuse heat. Control your alcohol intake, because alcohol will dilute your blood and reduce your body's ability to keep warm. \x0d\ Do not drink caffeinated drinks before going to bed. They will keep you awake and wake you up in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom. \x0d\ Eat snacks before going to bed, so that your body has enough fuel to generate heat in the long winter night. \x0d\ Move for a few minutes before entering the sleeping bag. This can warm the body and make it easier to warm the cold sleeping bag. \x0d\ x0d \ At night \ x0d \ Putting sleeping bags into camping bags can increase comfort. Similar effects can be achieved by using sleeping bag lining, life-saving blanket, impermeable lining or two sleeping bags. Impervious lining should be used below freezing point. Pay attention to keep enough comfortable space when applying two sleeping bags. \x0d\ Remember to use a sleeping mat when sleeping in winter. Many people even suggest using two. It is more important to prevent heat from flowing to the ground than to prevent heat from being lost in cold air. \x0d\ Wear a wool hat or balaclava hat to keep warm when sleeping. Fasten Mommy's sleeping bag until only her eyes, nose and mouth are exposed. \x0d\ Don't breathe in the sleeping bag, but breathe through the gap of wool hat or balaclava hat. Exhaled moisture will wet the sleeping bag and reduce its ability to keep warm. \x0d\ Put a bottle of hot water under your feet to keep your feet warm all night. Of course, don't forget to tighten the bottle. \x0d\ Putting a bottle of hot water in your boots can prevent them from freezing at night. This trick is only useful when the boots are stuffed into the bag and not exposed. \x0d\ Put the boots in the bag (you can use the compression bag of the sleeping bag) and stuff them at the bottom of the sleeping bag to prevent freezing. At this time, the long sleeping bag shows its benefits. You can also put them between the sleeping bag and the sleeping mat. \x0d\ Don't try to put big clothes such as trousers or sweatshirts in sleeping bags to dry overnight. Too much water will reduce the warmth of sleeping bags. \x0d\ Ventilate the tent as much as possible to reduce the condensed water on the inner wall. Compared with the pain of getting wet by condensed water, the warmth of a few degrees Celsius obtained by sealing the tent is not worth the candle. \x0d\ Put the kettle in the sleeping bag, on one side of the sleeping bag or away from the tent wall to prevent the kettle from freezing. \x0d\ \x0d\ In the morning \x0d\ Try to stay in the sleeping bag when cooking breakfast and packing (don't use the stove in the tent). \x0d\ Put socks, clothes, etc. Enter the sleeping bag and warm up before leaving the sleeping bag. \x0d\ To prevent wearing cold boots, please put the inner boots in a sleeping bag or coat to keep warm. \x0d\ Before starting the operation, take off some warm clothes to avoid overheating. Activities will generate much more heat than the camp, so it will be cold to take off your clothes before the action, but it will heat up after a while. \x0d\ Miscellaneous \x0d\ Tidy up the things in the bag for easy access. Snacks, water, spare gloves, headlights and flashlights should be ready at any time when needed. \x0d\ In order. Know the location of each piece of equipment in the backpack. In this way, you can quickly find what you need without taking everything out of your backpack for a little thing. \x0d\ If your kettle has no hanging ring, tie a rope around the neck of the cup and hang it on the floor to hold streams and springs. \x0d\ Tie a rope on the zipper of backpack and clothes, so that you can operate with gloves or frozen fingers. \x0d\ If necessary, you can use a chemical heating bag to warm your hands and feet. Most varieties can be kept heated for many hours. \x0d\ Store spare batteries near your body or in a sleeping bag to ensure that they will not be used for less than the nominal time due to low temperature. \x0d\ Try to keep the camera and film not too cold. The film will become brittle and hard at low temperature. A cold camera won't work, it will tear the film. If you put them in your clothes, use plastic bags to make sure that the water won't wet the camera. \x0d\ crampons are suitable for walking on ice and hard snow. It can prevent shoes from slipping. \x0d\ trekking poles and ski poles are good helpers to keep balance on ice and snow. \x0d\ If you slip with your backpack on your back, try to land on your back, so that the backpack will absorb the impact instead of your back.