The backbone forces of the three main forces of the Red Army, and later the Red First Army, the Red Second Army and the Red Fourth Army, all developed on the basis of these three Red Fourth Army, and they made great contributions to the establishment of the new China.
The Red Army's Ace Force-Zhu and Mao's Gongsi Army
Among the three GongSiJun, the most famous is Zhu and Mao's GongSiJun.
1April, 928, Zhu and Mao armies joined forces in Jinggangshan.
On May 4th, the two armies held a celebration meeting in Longshi, Ninggang County, Jiangxi Province. At the meeting, the Fourth Army of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants (renamed the Fourth Army of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants in June) was officially announced, with Zhu De as the first commander, the party representatives as * * * and Wang as the chief of staff.
When GongSiJun was founded, it had three divisions and nine regiments, but later it was reduced to two divisions and six regiments.
At the end of May, 1928, the 30th Regiment and the 33rd Regiment returned to Hunan, leaving the Gongsi Army as a local armed force to persist in the revolution.
At the same time, GongSiJun cancel division directly under the jurisdiction of 28, 29, 31, 32, four regiments, the army * * * more than six thousand people.
Among the four regiments, the 28th regiment has the highest status, with Wang, chief of staff of Gongsijun, as the head personally.
The regiment was adapted from officers and men of the 25 th Division of the Fourth Army who participated in the Nanchang Uprising. It has rich combat experience and the best weapons and equipment. At the most critical moment of the campaign, the Red 28 Regiment was regarded as a "killer".
In the month when GongSiJun was founded, Yang Ruxuan, a teacher of the 27th division of * *, launched a "communist suppression" with the strength of two regiments. This is the first time that GongSiJun fought since it was founded, and it is also the first time that GongSiJun showed its edge in this campaign.
Destroy the enemy in Huang 'ao and Suichuan and occupy Yongxin County, which is the first county occupied by Gongsijun since its establishment.
A few days after the victory, Zhu Peide, a warlord in Jiangxi, made a second "suppression" of Gongsijun with all 27 divisions and one regiment each of the seven and nine divisions. With the guerrilla tactics of "the enemy advances and we retreat" and "the west advances", the Gongsi Army annihilated the enemy's 79th regiment in Caoshi depression, the enemy's general headquarters and a battalion of the 27th regiment.
This battle was the first time that GongSiJun organized a regiment to wipe out the enemy.
On March 1929 and 14, the main force of gongsijun stayed in Jinggangshan area, and all other troops entered Fujian province.
In Changling Village, south of Changting, Fujian Province, more than 2,000 people of the Second Mixed Brigade temporarily compiled by Fujian Provincial Defence Forces were annihilated, and Guo, the brigade commander, was killed, and a large number of weapons and ammunition were seized, creating a battle example in which the whole organization wiped out one brigade in the war history of Gongsi Army.
After entering Changting County, the Red Fourth Front Army sent people to design the style of the Red Army uniforms by using the military clothing factory left by the enemy, and ordered and distributed troops in large quantities, thus unifying the uniforms for the first time. This is the Red Army team we often see in movies, wearing a red five-star, octagonal hat, red collar and blue cloth.
In June, GongSiJun annihilated the 1st HunChengLv of Fujian National Defence Force.
In September, gongsijun captured Shanghang, then annihilated the enemy and temporarily organized the second brigade of more than 2,000 people in Lu.
Through these three major battles, Gongsijun successfully gained a firm foothold in western Fujian and opened up a revolutionary base in western Fujian.
At that time, this part of the Red Fourth Front Army in Fujian alone had grown to 8,000 people.
Because of the victory of Gongsijun in the battlefields of southern Jiangxi and western Fujian, it promoted the development of Gongsijun itself.
1930 In May, the National Red Army Congress was held and the Regulations of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army were promulgated, with the aim of unifying the military system. It is determined that the Red Army from all over the country will form a corps, and organizations such as army, division, regiment, battalion, company and platoon will be established under the regiment system.
In June, GongSiJun front committee held a meeting in Tingzhou (Changting). According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, the Red Army in Gannan and Minxi base areas was reorganized into the First Army (initially known as the First Route Army), with five armies under its jurisdiction: Gongsi Army, GongLiu Jun Army, Gongshi Army, Gongtwentieth Army and Gong22nd Army.
Later, considering that Liu Jun of Huang Gonglue had the same name as Liu Jun of He Long and Zhou Yiqun, Liu Jun of Huang Gonglue was renamed the Red Army.
Among the five armies of the Red Army Corps, there is actually no division or regiment under the Corps, and there are several columns and battalions under each army, so the columns here are equivalent to a brigade.
At this time, Lin Biao was the commander of GongSiJun, and Lin Biao was the second commander of GongSiJun.
Considering that Gongsi Corps was expanded on the basis of Zhu and Mao Gongsi Corps, Gongsi Corps under Gongsi Corps should be regarded as the second generation Gongsi Corps in Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base.
At that time, in GongYiJun, GongSiJun although there are only three columns, not as many as five columns of GongErJun in Chen Yi, but GongSiJun columns are the strongest and best equipped, so GongSiJun is still the main trump card of GongYiJun.
The trump card of the Second Red Army-He Long Red Fourth Army
The gongsijun in He Long used the designation "gongsijun" for the shortest time among the three gongsijun, from July 1928 to July 1930. It only took two years.
After the failure of Nanchang Uprising, He Long and Zhou Yiqun returned to their hometown to participate in the "year-end riots" in Honghu area.
After that, He Long used relatives, friends, old staff officers and gangs to contact more than 10 indigenous armed forces organized by local forces, with 3,000 people, to launch an armed uprising on the border of Hunan and Hubei and occupy Sangzhi County.
According to the instructions of Hunan Provincial Party Committee,1at the beginning of July, 928, this uprising unit was reorganized into the Fourth Army of the Red Army, with He Long as the commander, the first division and several detachments under its jurisdiction, and He Jinzhai as the commander of the first division.
He Long's newly formed GongSiJun can be said to be the worst of the three GongSiJun.
Less than two months after the founding of the army, under the attack of Li Yunjie, instructor of the 14th Army of * * *, and the regiment defense team of Shimen County, Gongsijun in He Long suffered heavy losses, with only over 200 people left. Huang Ao, chief of staff of the Army, and He Jinzhai, division commander of the First Division, died successively.
Considering that on the one hand, this failure must be related to the improper command of the commander; On the other hand, because the troops were mostly adapted from the old armed forces, the composition of the team was impure and the personnel were mixed, He Long had to rectify the army.
After the rectification movement, the old, the weak and the speculators were dismissed, leaving only 9/KLOC-0 troops and 72 guns.
Later, He Long led this Gongsi * * * war with less than 100 people to Xuanen, Xianfeng, Lichuan and Jianshi counties, recruiting workers and poor peasants to join the army, and wooing some "magic soldiers" of Broadsword Club and Red Gun Club to develop troops.
1929 At the beginning of this year, Li Zongren, a Guangxi army that controlled the two lakes, transferred a brigade stationed in Hefeng County to Chiang Kai-shek's battlefield to prepare for war with Chiang Kai-shek.
Taking advantage of the emptiness of the defenders in Hefeng, He Long Gongsijun captured Hefeng County.
Since then, with the cooperation of the local people's armed forces, He Long Gongsijun has smashed the joint attack of the regimental defense teams in Hefeng, Sangzhi and Wufeng counties, developed in the direction of Sangzhi, and occupied Sangzhi County for the second time in early May.
After more than a month's efforts, the base areas of Sang and He counties have become one, and the base areas along the border of Hunan and Hubei have begun to take shape.
1at the end of June, 929, Chen Quzhen, a warlord in Xiangxi, under the command of Brigadier General Ziyun, sent his men to attack Sangzhi.
Due to proper command, He Long's GongSiJun first wiped out a brigade regiment of Zhou Han in Nancha and seized hundreds of guns.
Later, at Chixi Ferry, the brigade was completely annihilated, with more than a thousand guns of all kinds.
He Long gongsijun thus achieved an unprecedented victory since the founding of the army, consolidated the base area, and rapidly expanded its troops to nearly 4,000.
He Long, Zhou Yiqun and He Jinzhai established and developed Gongsi Army in the border of Hunan and Hubei, and also established and developed GongLiu Jun in the northwest of Hunan.
Liu Hongjun was originally composed of three guerrillas: He Jinzhai, Wu and Deng Chizhong.
But later, Zhou Yiqun was mainly in charge of the army, and He Long and He Jinzhai, as commanders and only teachers of Gongsijun, concentrated on operating Gongsijun.
1in July, 930, gongsijun joined forces with gong Liu Jun to form the second legion in Pujiguan, jiangling county.
Considering that He Long Gongsi Army has the same name as Zhu and Mao Gongsi Army, He Long Gongsi Army was renamed Gonger Army, and the history of He Long Gongsi Army using the name "Gongsi Army" ended here.
The trump card of gongsijun-Xu gongsijun
Compared with the Fourth Army of Zhu Hong, the Fourth Army of Mao Hong and the Fourth Army of He Long, the Fourth Army of Xu Hong has the longest existence, reaching 7 years and 7 months. It is the only Red Army adapted after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
* * * During the first "encirclement and suppression" campaign launched by our army against the revolutionary base areas in Hubei, Henan and Anhui, in mid-June, 193 1, 1, the Red Army and the Red Fifteen Army joined forces in Changzhuyuan, Shangnan. According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, it was co-edited as the Red Fourth Army, with Kuang Jixun as the commander and the former deputy commander of the Red Army as the chief of staff. This army has the tenth and first place.
Compared with the other two GongSiJun, this GongSiJun is the largest GongSiJun when the army was built, and it is also the only GongSiJun approved by the central government, while He Long GongSiJun was established with the approval of Hunan Provincial Committee, while Zhu and Mao GongSiJun were established by themselves first and then reported to Hunan Provincial Committee for the record.
This happened not because of disrespect for the Central Committee or the superior provincial party committee, but because the traffic and communication conditions at that time were primitive and backward, and it was impossible to ask for instructions and report to the superior in time.
In the battle of Shuangqiao Town, shortly after the establishment of Gongsijun, Gongsijun wiped out the 34th division of * * *, captured the teacher Yue alive, and seized more than 6,000 long and short guns, which was an unprecedented victory after the establishment of Gongsijun.
By the end of the second counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", the Gongsi Army had grown to four divisions with nearly 20,000 people.
On the eve of the third counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Zhang was sent by Wang Ming to the base area of Hubei, Henan and Anhui where the Red Fourth Army was located. Zhang reorganized the superior leading organs of the Red Fourth Army-* * * Hubei, Henan and Anhui Branch and the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Revolutionary Military Committee, and mastered the leadership of the Party and the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Red Army.
At this point, GongSiJun commander for xu, political commissar for.
193 1 10 in June, the 12th division of gongsijun was expanded into the 15th army (from the 12th division to the 73rd division), and the 13th division was changed into the new 12th division.
1 1 In June, the Red Fourth Front Army was proclaimed in Qiliping, Huang An, with a total strength of nearly 30,000.
The former GongSiJun headquarters was changed to the army headquarters, and the 10th, 11th and 12th divisions were directly commanded by the headquarters, with Xu as the commander-in-chief and Chen Changhao as the political commissar.
Due to the "September 18th Incident", the contradiction between the former Northwest Army and Chiang Kai-shek deepened, and Ji Hongchang, commander-in-chief of the 22nd Route Army, who organized the third "encirclement and suppression", resigned because he opposed the "encirclement and suppression" and insisted on resisting Japan, so the * * * troops made the military deployment for the third "encirclement and suppression" in Hubei, Henan and Anhui.
In view of this, the Red Fourth Front Army took the initiative to attack the * * * troops. In the battle, the Red Fourth Front Army wiped out 60 divisions, * * *15,000 men, captured more than 7,000 men, and captured the enemy commander Zhao alive.
In the subsequent battles in Shangman, Sujiabao and other places, the Red Fourth Front Army wiped out another 45,000 enemy troops, captured more than 20,000 general commander Li, five brigade commanders, eleven regimental heads and officers and men below, and seized more than 22,000 guns, 43 guns of various kinds and machine guns 1 ting.
At this time, the Red Fourth Front Army has grown to four divisions, an international regiment, and 45,000 people.
However, the good times did not last long. Because of Zhang's command error and the elimination of counter-revolutionaries in the army, the fourth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed, and the Gongsi Army stationed in Xu suffered heavy losses. Cai, commander of Wu Gongjun, and Gan Jishi, political commissar of Gong Yishi, died.
The Red Fourth Army led four divisions of the Red Fourth Army and less than 20,000 international delegations to the west of Pinghan Road.
In northern Sichuan, 45,000 people only have 1.5 million people.
On June 1935 and 12, he voluntarily gave up the Red Fourth Front Army and the Red Army in the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area and joined forces in Daigong-Dawei area.
Due to the serious power imbalance between the Red Army and the Red Fourth Front Army, this situation has expanded Zhang's ambition.
After joining forces, the Red First Army and the Red Fourth Army were mixed into the left and right armies, which were developed by the Red Army of Zhu and Mao. Lin Biao's Red Army Corps and the second-generation Red Fourth Front Army are just on the right in Xu.
The Red Army Corps in Lin Biao was reorganized into the Red Army because its troops were severely weakened during the Long March, and the serial number of the Red Army happened to be the serial number used by the main force of the Red Fourth Army before Xu 193 1 year 1 month.
At this time, Xu was the second generation commander of GongSiJun stationed in Xu.
When passing through Brazil, because * * * intercepted the secret telegram sent by Zhang to Chen Changhao in an attempt to endanger the CPC Central Committee, the Central Committee led the First Army of Lin Biao and the Third Army of Peng to escape that night.
Xu' s sentence "How can the Red Army beat the Red Army of the world? No matter how to say, you can't fight ",which prevented Chen Changhao from sending Xu and Gongsijun to pursue the Central Committee of * * *, and also avoided the tragedy of two famous Gongsijun killing each other in history.
After Zhang canceled the second "Central Committee", the three main forces joined forces and the five armies of the Red Fourth Front Army should all have crossed the Yellow River westward as planned to carry out the Ningxia Campaign. However, after the Red Fourth Army crossed the Yellow River three times, our crossing was occupied by the enemy and was split in two by the Yellow River. Among them, three armies in Hexi later formed the marked army, with more than ***2 1800 people. Due to improper decision-making and high-level command at that time,
They are the 30th Army (developed from the 1 1 division of Xu Hongsi Army), the 9th Army (developed from the 12 division of Xu Hongsi Army) and the 5th Army (the former Red Fourth Army established in Sichuan). Only gongsijun (the second generation gongsijun developed from the 10th division of Xu gongsijun) and the 31st army developed from the 73rd division of gongsijun stayed in Hedong until the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Xu Ren, former Commander-in-Chief of the Red Fourth Front Army/Deputy Commander of KLOC-0/29 Division.
(Song Yang recommended from "World of Literature and History")