Textile and garment industry is an important economic industry in Fuzhou. In the idea of developing the economy on the west side of the Taiwan Strait, how to develop this industry will greatly promote the economic development of Fuzhou. This paper analyzes the present situation of clothing industry in Fuzhou, and puts forward some suggestions on its development.
Textile and garment industry is one of the pillar industries in Fuzhou. The Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Fuzhou clearly puts forward that pillar industries such as textiles should be supported to grow gradually. On May 14, 2009, the government put forward in "Several Opinions of the State Council on Supporting Fujian Province to Accelerate the Construction of the Economic Zone on the West Side of the Taiwan Strait" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") that the role of inter-provincial regional cooperation organizations such as Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi should be brought into play and a closer regional cooperation mechanism should be established. This has brought new opportunities for the development of textile and garment industry in Fuzhou.
First, the important position of textile and garment industry in Fuzhou economy
Fuzhou City is located in the east of Jiangxi Province, and governs 10 counties, 1 districts and 1 economic development zones. Except Linchuan District and Jinchao Economic Development Zone, seven counties including Cheng Nan, Lichuan, Jinxi, Chongren and Dongxiang all take textile and garment industry as their pillar industries. In 2007, there were 8 1 textile and garment enterprises above designated size in the city, with an output value of 4.421.76 million yuan. In that year, there were 552 units above designated size in the city, with a total industrial output value of 30,483.92 million yuan. No matter from the number of enterprises or the total industrial output value, textile and garment enterprises account for about 14.5% of the total number of enterprises above designated size.
Second, the current situation of Fuzhou textile and garment industry
The main activities of textile and garment industry include raw material production and processing, garment manufacturing and product sales, and also need the support of auxiliary factors such as technology, manpower and related industrial policies. The production and processing of raw materials are closely related to local natural conditions, while clothing manufacturing, product sales and corresponding auxiliary factors are related to local industrial development.
1. Production and processing of raw materials
In 2007, the output of cotton and cocoon in Fuzhou reached 7 398 t and 1 785 t respectively. From the origin, the production of each raw material is concentrated in a few counties. The average cotton yield in the whole city is 1.53 t/ ha (table 1), among which the average cotton yield in Cheng Nan is about four times that of Yihuang, with a significant difference. The average productivity of cocoon producing areas in the city is 0.52 t/ ha, and the lowest productivity is Jinxi. The mulberry garden area is 1.342 ha, which is more than Dongxiang 10%, but the cocoon output is less than half of Jinxi. The highest productivity is Nanfeng, although there are only 2 hectares of mulberry fields, the output has reached 6 t. Generally speaking, the productivity of cotton and cocoon producing areas is very different.
As can be seen from the distribution of producing areas, Dongxiang, Jinxi and Le 'an, which mainly produce cocoons, and Linchuan, Chongren and Cheng Nan, which mainly produce cotton, are three pillars, and the main cotton producing areas are more concentrated than the main cocoon producing areas. Among them, Le 'an and Dongxiang, the main cocoon producing areas, are also the main processing areas, and the processing areas are basically the same as those in high producing areas. About 80% of the city's silk is produced in these two counties.
In 2007, Fuzhou * * * produced 94.34 million meters of cotton cloth, of which Nanfeng produced1/kloc-0.90 million meters, Jinxi 9.7 million meters, Linchuan 83.46 million meters ... Chongren, a high-yield cotton place, failed to occupy a place in cotton processing and failed to give full play to its own resource advantages.
2. Fuzhou textile and garment industry structure analysis.
The increase of value and the development of industry complement each other. If Fuzhou textile and garment industry is regarded as a whole, in order to improve the overall value, we must try to improve the added value of each link in the "value chain" to promote industrial progress. The author analyzes the production and processing of raw materials in textile and garment industry, and chooses shishi city, an economic zone in Haixi, which plays an important role in domestic textile and garment industry, and analyzes the garment production and marketing in Fuzhou textile and garment industry by drawing on its development experience.
After more than 20 years of development, shishi city has formed a relatively complete industrial chain, with a huge clothing industry cluster, becoming the main distribution center for textile fabrics, textile and clothing production base and dyeing and finishing base in China. Accessories such as zippers, trademarks and interlining needed for garment processing can be produced and sold locally. Moreover, the clothing production in the whole city has a clear market division and a relatively professional division of labor, which is convenient for mutual assistance and avoids vicious competition in the whole market. Relatively perfect industrial chain and specialized production have brought rich returns. At present, shishi city has its own brands, such as Fu Gui Bird and Seven Wolves. In 2008, there were 844 textile enterprises and 5 030 garment enterprises in shishi city, and the output value of textile and garment industry was 24,207,429,800 yuan, accounting for 49.44% of the total output value. In contrast, the total output of 50.83 million pieces of clothing in Fuzhou in 2007 is considerable, but it is still far from the annual output of more than 200 million pieces (sets) in shishi city.
Generally speaking, the existence of economies of scale will form certain barriers to entry. If there are economies of scale in the industry, it will force new enterprises to choose a larger scale for production. However, judging from the current situation, most textile and garment enterprises in Fuzhou are too small to form economies of scale. The high product cost and lack of competitiveness will inevitably weaken the profitability of Fuzhou textile and garment enterprises and reduce the industry profit rate. It is difficult to introduce high-level talents and high technology, resulting in low scientific and technological content and added value of products. This will further aggravate the reduction of profit margin.
In addition, the low technological content of products leads to low barriers to entry. This vicious circle makes products lack characteristics and reduces the overall competitiveness of the industry. Another way to enhance industrial competitiveness is to give full play to the advantages of industrial clusters and reduce costs by promoting the effective use of resources. However, most enterprises in Fuzhou are fragmented and scattered in all districts and counties of the city, so they cannot give full play to the advantages of industrial clusters. At present, except for the textile and garment industry cluster headed by Min Heng Textile and Huayi Garment in Jinchao Development Zone, most enterprises have no obvious division of labor and cooperation, so it is difficult to reflect the scale effect and cluster advantages. It is difficult to see famous brands and fist products in the production of noodle accessories, printing and garment processing.
From the perspective of market sales, the quality of operators is uneven, and more importantly, the construction of the main market lags behind the needs of market development. The whole market sales are still in the primary stage of decentralized operation, with low degree of specialization, scale and intensification, and lack of basic elements of modern business. The city's tens of billions of small commodity markets, * * there are five clothing, shoes, hats, needles and textiles sales markets, including Haode Trade Plaza and Jiangxi Textile City, with 892 stalls, with a total turnover of186.74 million yuan in 2007. Compared with the annual sales of Shishi 18 clothing commercial street and 8 professional markets, there is still a big gap.
3. Capital and talent bottleneck
The two elements of economic development are capital and labor. Industrial upgrading and market construction are inseparable from funds. At present, the amount of funds for the textile and garment industry in Fuzhou is not sufficient. Foreign investment in Fuzhou mainly comes from Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangsu. In 2007, the textile and garment industry used 1, 2706,500 yuan. This is far from the accumulated turnover of more than 7 billion in shishi city Cross-Strait Textile and Apparel Exposition, and the competitiveness of the whole industry is difficult to improve due to insufficient funds.
In terms of labor supply, Fuzhou, as an inland city, has no shortage of ordinary labor. However, the high-end design talents urgently needed by the textile and garment industry are quite scarce. In the whole "value chain" of textile and clothing industry, clothing design is the easiest to produce high added value. In Shishi, most backbone clothing enterprises have established product development design rooms and clothing information halls, and some enterprises have also hired well-known national designers as the company's chief designers with high salaries. Fuzhou textile and garment enterprises are small in scale and lack of sufficient intellectual support and guarantee in production design.
Three. Suggestions on improving the competitiveness of Fuzhou textile and garment industry
In view of the present situation of Fuzhou textile and garment industry and the particularity of Haixi Economic Zone, the author puts forward the following suggestions.
1. Improve the productivity of raw materials and process them locally.
It is mentioned in the opinion that we should speed up the transformation of agricultural development mode and promote the optimization and upgrading of agricultural structure. Combined with the specific situation of Fuzhou, we can start with improving the productivity of raw materials and reducing the processing cost. First of all, focus on helping large producers of raw materials, strengthen exchanges and study on planting and breeding production in counties and districts, strive to popularize advanced planting and breeding technologies, and promote the increase of production and income of textile raw materials such as cotton and silkworm cocoons. Secondly, we should vigorously support the processing industry in the resource-producing areas, start with the raw materials themselves, and use their own resource advantages to process them locally and nearby. This will help market information to be fed back to farmers in time and facilitate production adjustment. At the same time, it can also save processing costs in different places, reduce processing costs, enhance product market competitiveness and promote local employment.
2. Optimize the industrial structure and give full play to the advantages of industrial clusters.
Re-plan the development of the city's textile and garment industry, and allocate resources from the aspects of industrial division of labor, professional division of labor, and industrial support. Make full use of existing advantages, vigorously support leading textile and garment enterprises, and radiate the demonstration effect of leading enterprises to other small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage mergers and acquisitions among enterprises and integrate resource allocation; Encourage more textile and garment enterprises to settle in the park. For industrial parks in all districts and counties, we should actively plan and guide enterprises to pay attention to market division while making use of their own advantages, promote mutual cooperation and avoid vicious competition. In terms of technology, enterprises should be encouraged to update existing technologies and develop high value-added products.
3. Strengthen government guidance and promote foreign exchange of enterprises.
Judging from the development of textile and garment industry in shishi city, the government has played a great role in promoting the whole process. It is mentioned in the Opinions that a modern comprehensive transportation network on the west side of the Taiwan Strait will be built, which will greatly facilitate Fuzhou's foreign exchanges. Fuzhou municipal government can take the lead in guiding local textile and garment enterprises in Fuzhou to go abroad, strengthen foreign economic exchanges, promote economic development, and provide software and hardware support for the long-term development of textile and garment industry from the perspective of industrial development. Judging from the data of Fuzhou's foreign investment, Fujian Province is one of the main sources of funds. According to the opinion, a cross-strait regional financial service center will be established. Fuzhou Municipal Government should make full use of the opportunity of developing Haixi Economic Zone, strengthen economic cooperation and exchanges in the region, strive to provide and create financing opportunities for enterprises, help enterprises adjust their product structure and improve the equipment level of textile industry. In terms of talents, the government can employ and appoint professional and technical personnel in the form of technical support to help enterprises grow rapidly. For enterprises that have the conditions to introduce talents, the government can give some help and preferential policies to help enterprises reduce the cost of introduction. Enterprises themselves can also cooperate with professional colleges and universities to train professionals and obtain suitable talents by appointing employees for further study.
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