(A) the Spring and Autumn Period

1? Confucius, Zi Qiu, Zi Ni Fu, Sheng Fu, Lu Ren, founder of Confucianism. This book was compiled by Confucius' disciples and their re-disciples. The main works include 20 Analects of Confucius, each with the first two words as the title, such as Learning from Time. It records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and represents the basic ideas of Confucius. Hundred schools of thought's philosophical papers are listed as one of the "Four Books".

2? Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu. The main work is Zuo Zhuan, and Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period is also called Zuo Chunqiu. Cao Gui Debate, Cao Ba Debate, Ba Battle, Candle Leaving Qin Family, etc. From this book. China 1 Chronicle history books, historical essays, with detailed descriptions. It is literature to record historical facts in the Spring and Autumn Period.

(2) The Warring States Period

3? Mencius, whose name was Ke and Zi, was a representative figure of Confucianism in the Warring States period, and was known as elegant and saint. This book was edited by its disciples. The main works are ***7 "Mencius", each with the first few words as the title, such as Liang, Gong Sunchou, Gao Zi and so on. Recorded Mencius' thoughts and political remarks. Hundred schools of thought's philosophical prose, one of the "Four Books". Mencius was good at argumentation and metaphor, which had a great influence on the development of later argumentative essays.

4? Liezi, named Yu Kou, is a Taoist priest. The main work is Liezi, also known as Xu Chong Zhen Jing, and Yu Gong Yi Shan comes from this book. Philosophical papers of various schools of thought.

5? Zhuangzi. Zhou, known as a real person in the south of the Yangtze River, is a representative figure of Taoism. The main work is Zhuangzi, also known as the South China Classic, with 33 existing books. Hundred schools of thought's philosophical prose has a strong romantic color, which has a great influence on later literature.

6? Xunzi? Name, word Qing. Liu Xun, Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was renamed Sun Qing. The main works are Xunzi, among which Persuasion and Tian Lun are the most representative. Another work, Fu Pian, had an influence on the rise of Han Fu. Established an ideological system with Confucianism as the main body and Legalists as the supplement. Han Fei and Li Si are the successors of his thought of rule of law. Hundred schools of thought's philosophical prose.

7? Lv Buwei and Qin Xiang called people to compile Lv Chunqiu. His main work is Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals. Also known as Lu Lan *** 160, Cha Jin and Cha Chuan are from this book. It is included in philosophical papers of various schools and representative works of miscellaneous schools.

8? Qu Yuan of Pingming. China, the first patriotic and romantic poet, created a new poetic style of Chu Ci and was listed as a world cultural celebrity. His major works include Li Sao and Nine Songs (including Shan Gui and National Mourning). 1 1), Tian Wenhe and nine chapters (including Shooting the River, Mourning, Ode to Orange, etc. 9). In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled a "Chuci", with Qu as the main part. Because of its strong Chu local color, it is called "Chu Ci", and later generations call this poetic style "Chu Ci Style" and "Sao Style". Created the romantic tradition of China's poetry. The national style in Li Sao and The Book of Songs is also called coquettish and has become synonymous with literature.

(3) Han Dynasty

9? Sima Qian? Word length, alias Tai Shigong, referred to as Shi Qian. He is also called "the second Sima in history" with Sima Guang and "Ban Ma" with Ban Gu. The main works are Historical Records 130 volumes, also known as Taishi Gongshu, including biographies 12 volumes, 8 books, tables 10 tables, 30 books and 70 biographies. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Hongmen Banquet, Self-recommendation by Mao Sui, Biographies of Qu Yuan, Xinlingjun Stealing Symbols to Save Zhao, etc. Historical prose. China's first biography is a general history, which created five styles of biography, biographies and books, and was praised as "a true record and loyal history". "Historians never sing, Li Sao has no rhyme" is one of the "Shuang Bao" of historiography, and it is also the first of the previous "three histories".

10? Ban Gu, the word, is one of the "Banma". His main works are Hanshu and Biography of Su Wu. It is one of the earliest "three histories" that created the historical style of dating biographies.

1 1? His major works include Shang Mo Sang, Long Songs, Mourning for the Past, Joining the Army in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Peacock Flying Southeast, etc. The first four poems are Yuefu poems compiled by Guo Maoqian in the Song Dynasty, and the last four poems are Yuji poems compiled by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties, among which Peacock Flying Southeast is the longest narrative poem in ancient China. Together with Mulan's poems, it is called "Yuefu Shuangbi".

(4) The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

12? Cao Cao, nicknamed Shun, was called Meng De, and was honored as the Emperor Wu of the Three Caos. His main work is Wei Wudi's works. His representative works include A Journey to Bitter Cold, Although the tortoise has a long life, A Journey of Short Songs, Watching the Sea, etc. Belongs to Yuefu songs. Create a new style of "Jian 'an Style". Lu Xun called him "the founder of reform articles".

13, Cao Zhi, Zi Zijian, Feng, lost his mind, later called Chen, one of the Three Caos. The main works are Cao Zijian's Collection, and the representative works are Noda's Huangquexing, Seven-step Poems, Luoshen Fu, etc.

14 Zhuge Liang, whose real name is Wolong, is the Hou of the township. There are "Zhuge Jiliang" and "model" for this reason.

15? Chen shou, word Chengzuo. The main work is the History of the Three Kingdoms, and Longzhong Dui is based on it.

16? Tao Yuanming is a hidden and distinctive figure, and he is known as the first outstanding pastoral poet in China-Mr. Wuliu. Tao Yuanming's representative works include Peach Blossom Garden, Gui Xi Ci, Gui Yuan, Drinking and so on.

17? Ye Fan wrote The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Le Yangzi's Wife, Zhang Hengchuan and so on. Biography chronology is one of the earliest "four histories".

18? Wang was a poet of Liang Dynasty in Southern Dynasties. "Entering Ruoyexi" makes the forest quiet and Tonggong Mountain more secluded.

19? In jing yuan, Northern Qi Dynasty, "Life is worse than death".

20? Northern dynasty Yuefu. The main works are Mulan Poetry, Chile Song and Yang Zhe Liu Ge Ci, all of which are included in Yuefu Poetry Collection, among which Mulan Poetry is one of the "Two Treasures of Yuefu".

(5) Tang

2 1? Wang Bo, with the word An, is one of the "Four Masters of Early Tang Dynasty" (Luo, Lu, Yang Jiong). The main works are Wang Zian Collection, among which the most famous ones are Farewell to the Deputy Governor's Office in Shu and Preface to the Knee King's Pavilion. He achieved the highest achievement among the "Four Masters".

22? He, whose real name is Ji Zhen, is from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. His main works are "Singing Willow" and "Returning to the Native"

23? Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and Jiang Feng in Cold Night and a night-mooring near maple bridge are all worried about sleeping.

24? Liu was a poet in Tang Dynasty. "jathyapple" has a deeper moonlight, and the Big Dipper is lazy in the south.

25? Zhang was a poet in Tang Dynasty. "Fishing Song" Egrets fly in front of Mount Cisse, and the peach blossoms are flowing and the mandarin fish are fat.

26? Wang Zhihuan, the word Ji Ling. His main works are Liangzhou Ci and Dengheque Building. The quatrains "Liangzhou Ci" is known as "the masterpiece of quatrains in Tang Dynasty". Belongs to the frontier school.

27? Meng Haoran is from Xiangyang. The first person who wrote a large number of landscape poems in the Tang Dynasty was as famous as Wang Wei and was praised as "Wang Meng" by the world. His main works are Passing the Old Village and Xiao Chun, which are the collections of Meng Xiangyang's works.

28? Wang Changling, named Shao Bo, is from Jiangning. He used to be a captain of Long Biaobiao, internationally known as Wang Longbiao, a seven-legged master. His main works are Out of the Fortress and Join the Army. Later generations compiled "Wang Changling Collection", which included poems about frontier fortress and poems about palace resentment.

29? Wang Wei, the word Mojie, is the right post in Shangshu, so he is called Wang Youcheng. Poet and painter. Together with Meng Haoran, he is a representative figure of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His main works include Xi 'an in the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty, Acacia, Hunting Watch, and Biography of Leaving a Car for Pei Xiucai, which are all collections. Su Shi praised "painting in poetry" and "poetry in painting".

30? Gao Shi, whose name is Duff, used to be a frequent visitor to Sanshou riding and was called Gao Changshi in the world. Also known as "Gao Cen" with Cen Can, he was also a representative of the frontier poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His main works are Ge Yanxing and Don't Move Big. Later generations compiled Historical Records of Gaochang.

3 1? Li Bai, whose word is Taibai, is also known as Qinglian layman and is called "Poet Fairy". Just like Du Fu, he is called "Du Li". One of the three great poets in Tang Dynasty. His main works include Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Difficult Road to Shu, Midnight, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, Autumn Songs, Autumn Climbing Xie Tiao North Building, etc. This is a collection of poems by Li Taibai. He is a romantic and unrestrained school and the peak of classical poetry. Han Yu praised: "Du Li's article is there, and the flame is long."

32? Du Fu, in a nice word, called himself Shaoling Night Old. He used to be Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang in the collating department, and was also called Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Just like Li Bai, he is called "Poet Saint". One of the three great poets in Tang Dynasty. His main works are Chedian, Hope in Spring, Cabin Broken by Autumn Wind, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Three Officials (Xin 'an Official, Shi Haoguan Official, Tongguan Official), Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless) and so on. His name is Du Gongbu. The peak of realistic poetic art is called "the history of poetry". The earliest recorded Yuefu poems directly promoted the new Yuefu movement headed by Bai Juyi.

33? Cen Can, formerly known as Cenjiazhou, was a secretariat. An important representative of the frontier poetry school. His major works include Song of Snow, Farewell to Tian Wu's Home, and Greeting Beijing Messenger. , called "CenJiaZhou Poetry".

34? Meng Jiao, the word Dongye. And the famous poet Jia Dao. His main works are Autumn Huai, Poor Women's Ci, Wandering Poems, etc. And his poem is called Meng Dongye. "The suburban cold island is thin". Longer than five words, more bitter.

35? Han Yu, word back, is an assistant minister of the official department. Posthumous title is Han Wengong, the official department of Korea, and the county magistrate Changli, also known as Han Changli. Advocate of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty, the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Also known as "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. His major works include Shi Shuo, Ma Shuo, Yuan Yi, and Shi Er Lang Ji Wen. This is Mr. Changli's collection. He advocated restoring the prose tradition of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties and abandoning the wild prose since the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Advocate enriching the content of the article, "only to state things." In poetry creation, he advocates "taking prose as poetry" and strives for novelty.

36? Liu Yuxi, the word dream? He was once a guest of the prince and was called Liu Bin. With Liu Zongyuan and Bai Juyi, they are also called "Liu Liu" and "Bai Liu". His major works include Humble Room Inscription, Wuyi Xiang, Zhi Zhu Ci, etc. , composed of Liu Binke Collection and Liu Mengde Collection.

37? Bai Juyi, the word lotte. No. Xiangshan lay man The main advocate of the New Yuefu Movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty, one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty, was called "Bai Yuan" together with Yuan Zhen. His major works include Qin Zhongyin, New Yuefu (including Charcoal Man), Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Xing and so on. , edited by Bai Changqing Collection (Poems of Bai Xiangshan edited by later generations). He is the successor of the realistic tradition, and advocates that "articles should be written in time, songs and poems should be written". The representative of the popular school, according to legend, the old woman can understand.

37? Liu Zongyuan, whose handwriting is very thick, is called Liu Hedong because he is from Hedong. He used to be the secretariat of Liuzhou, also known as Liu Liuzhou. One of the leaders of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, together with Han Yu, was called "Liu Han". One of the "Eight Masters". His main works include The Snake Catcher's Story, Three Commandments (including Qian's Donkey), Eight Notes of Yongzhou (including essays such as Little Stone Pond Story and Biography of Children's Area), Fisherman and Jiang Xue. It became "Liuhe East Collection". He was the first writer in China to formally write fables as independent literary works, which opened up a new stage of the development of ancient fable literature in China.

38? Li He, the word is long and auspicious. His main works include Wild Goose Gate's Taishouxing, Golden Boy Ren Xian's Ci and Han Song, etc. He named it Hasegawa Set. His works have peculiar imagination, gorgeous words, romantic colors and unique styles. Known as Li Guicai.

39? Du Mu, also known as Mu Zhi, is as famous as Li Shangyin and is called "Little Du Li". In his later years, he lived in Fan Chuan Villa, named Du Fan Chuan. His main works are Epang Palace Fu, Jiang Nanchun Jueju, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Bo Qinhuai, Autumn Night, etc. He is especially good at the seven laws and the seven wonders. The prosaic tendency of Fu has a great influence on later generations.

40? Li Shangyin, Zi Yishan,No. Yuxi Sheng, Fan Nansheng. His main works include Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb, Leyuan Scenic Area, Jinse, Untitled and so on. Li Yishan's poems and Fan Nan's works. The lines are a long political poem. Untitled poems are mostly about love, touching and beautiful, which have a great influence on later generations.

4 1? Li Yu, known as Shigemitsu, was the king of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and was called Li Houzhu. His major works include Yu Meiren, Hui Huan, Langtaosha Order, etc. And Li Nian, his father, are called the two great ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Wang Guowei said: Ci became a master's ci and a scholar-bureaucrat's ci when it came to Li Houzhu.

(6) Song Dynasty

42? Fan Zhongyan, the word Healy, changed people. His main works include Yueyang Tower and the Pride of the Fisherman. His name is Fan Wenzheng Gong Ji. Part-time poetry, belonging to the uninhibited school.

43? Yan Shu, uncle with the same word, posthumous title Yuanxian. His main works are Huanxisha and Butterfly Loves Flowers. And there is a legacy of poets and sages. Especially good at small orders, elegant style and rich weather.

44? Ouyang Xiu, whose real name is Yongshu, is an alcoholic, a 6 1 year-old layman, and Wenzhong, posthumous title. A literary leader in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the "Eight Masters". His main works are The Book of the New Tang Dynasty and The History of the New Five Dynasties co-edited by Song Qi (from which the preface of Lingguan came). There are also Zuiwengting Ji, Qiu Sheng Fu, Liu Yi Zi and so on. All these are combined into Ouyang Wenzhong's collected works. China's first poetry talk on June 1st.

45? Su Xun, whose name is Yun, is Lao Quan. One of the "Eight Masters", together with Zi Shi and Zhe, is also called "Three Sows". His works are mainly about history and politics.

46? Ceng Gong, Zizigu, Wen Ding, posthumous title. Nanfeng people, also known as Mr Nanfeng. One of the "Eight Masters". The main works are Yuanfeng manuscripts (named after the year number).

47? Wang Anshi, whose real name is Fu Jie, was born in the Mid-Levels and was named Jing Guogong. Posthumous title Wang and Wang Wengong. One of the "Eight Masters". His major works include A Journey to Treasure Toad, Wound of Zhong Yong, January 1st, Boarding in Guazhou, etc. His hometown is close to Sichuan, and his collection is Wang Linchuan Collection. 1 1 reformers in China in the 20th century.

48? Sima Guang, whose real name is Shi Jun, was born in Sushui, Zheng Wen, posthumous title, and was known as Mr. Sushui. One of the "two Sima" in history. His major works, including Zi Tongzhi Sword, Battle of Red Cliffs and Battle of Feishui, are all based on this. It is the largest chronological general history in China, recording the historical facts from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties (1362). One of the history books "Shuang Bao".

49? Shen Kuo, the word is in storage. I lived in Meng Xi Park in my later years. His main works are Meng Qian Bi Tan, Herb Picking, Yandang Mountain and trapp.

50? Su Shi, whose name is Zi Zhan, is Dongpo Jushi. Posthumous title Wen. He is one of the "Eight Masters" in calligraphy, and is also called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Miti. His main works are Red Cliff Fu, Shi Zhongshan Collection, Tixilin Cliff, Shuidiao Song Tou, Niannujiao and so on. They are the collected works of Dongpo. The greatest literati in the Song Dynasty. Can "create new ideas in statutes and give wonderful reasons outside the unruly." Created a school of bold and unconstrained words. It is also called "Han Dynasty and Su Hai" with Han Yu.

Huang Tingjian was a poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Lu Zhi, a Taoist in the valley, was born under Su Shi's door, and is as famous as Su Shi, known as "Su Huang" in the world. I learned the article "Answering Li Jizhong's Book".

5 1 Su Zhe, Ziziyou, is one of the eight famous people. His main work is Luancheng Collection.

Zhang Yu was born in the Song Dynasty. "Silkworm Girl" is all about Luo Qi, not a silkworm raiser.

52? Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Xiao He only showed sharp corners in Xiao Chi, and dragonflies had already stood on his head.

53? Li Qingzhao,no. Yi 'an Jushi, is from Jinan, Shandong Province, and is in the same city as Xin Qiji. His main works are Wuling Chun, Dreaming Like a Dream, Slow Voice, etc. She was the most important poetess in ancient times and the most accomplished poetess in the graceful school of Song Dynasty.

54? Lu you, word view, number interpretation Weng. Known as "Little Li Bai". His main works are Book Fury, Xiuer and Hairpin Phoenix. It is composed of "Poems by Jian Nan", "Collected Works of Weinan" and "Notes on Old Learning Magic". The most prolific poet in ancient China (more than 9,000 poems).

55? Xin Qiji, whose real name is You 'an, is Jia Xuan, and Su Shi is also known as Su Xin. People call it "the dragon in words". His main works are Jia Xuan's long and short sentences. Famous articles include Touching Color, Music of Meeting Forever, Music of Qingping, etc. The outstanding achievements of Song Ci inherited and developed Su Shi's bold and unconstrained style of Ci, and opened up the scope of expression of Ci.

56? Wen Tianxiang, Song Rui, lu shan and Wenshan are national heroes. His major works include Song Zhengqi, Crossing Zero, Ding Yang, Postscript of Southern Tour, Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan, etc. Patriotic feelings, passionate and moving.

57? Southern Song Dynasty poet and monk. "quatrains" are stained with clothes and want to wet apricot flowers and rain, blowing cold willows.

58? Ye Shaoweng in Southern Song Dynasty. It's not worth going to the garden. Spring scenery can't be caged in a garden, and an apricot is out of the wall.

(7) Yuan

59? Guan Hanqing (word), whose real name is Zhai Yi, has been fasting. Together with Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan, they are also called "the four masters of Yuanqu". China was the first great dramatist in ancient times and a world cultural celebrity. His main works are Yuan, Saving the Wind and Dust, Wangjiang Pavilion, Single Knife Club, etc.

60? Wang Shifu, whose main work is The West Chamber, is the longest play in Yuan Dynasty (265,438+0 fold) and one of the most successful works in Yuan Dynasty.

6 1? Ma Zhiyuan, a thousand miles away, is called Dongli. One of the "Four Masters" in Yuan Opera. The main works are the zaju "Autumn in Han Palace" and the Sanqu "Tianjingsha? Qiu Si, etc. , became Dongli Yuefu. One of the most accomplished writers of Yuan Zaju.

62? Liu Ji, a politician and writer in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, was born in Qingtian, Zhejiang Province. I learned the text "The Orangeman's Speech".

(8) Ming

63? Shi Naian was born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. The main work is Biography of Zhongshui, referred to as Water Margin for short, with 100, 120 and 70 volumes. It is China's first novel reflecting the peasant uprising, which has a great influence on later peasant uprisings.

64? Luo Guanzhong was born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Hu Hai, a famous book, was the first writer in China who devoted himself to creating popular novels. The main works are the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms (hereinafter referred to as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Romance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties and History of the Three Kingdoms), which is China's first historical chapter novel.

65? Wu Cheng'en, whose real name is Ruzhong, is from Sheyang Mountain. The main work is the famous ghost novel The Journey to the West, which is the most brilliant mythical work in classical literature and marks a new peak of romantic literature.

66? Wei Xueyi, born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. I learned the text "The Story of a Nuclear Ship".

(9) Qing

67? At the climax, people in the Qing Dynasty compiled a collection of short stories in classical Chinese, "New Knowledge in Language", from which the story of ventriloquism and nuclear ship came.

1 12? Nineteen Ancient Poems: an anonymous work, it inherits the lyric skills of Yuefu folk songs, absorbs the nutrition of The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, and expresses deep feelings in natural and simple language. It represents the artistic peak of five-character poems in Han Dynasty.

1 13? Ten volumes of Yutai New Poetry edited by Chen in the Southern Dynasties, written in Liang Dynasty, is another influential collection of ancient poems after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. Most of the poems included in it are Han Yuefu poems. Representative poems include Peacock Flying Southeast and so on.

1 14? Zuo Zhuan is China's first chronological history book with detailed and complete narration. Originally known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, it is said that it was written by Lu historian Zuo Qiuming. Zuo Zhuan has high literary value and great influence on later generations. It not only sets a brilliant example in the writing of historical works, but also provides rich nourishment for the narrative and discussion of prose and the theme of novels and dramas.

1 15? The Spring and Autumn Annals of Yan Zi: A wonderful book that records Yan Ying's words and deeds in Qi State. To some extent, it truly reflects the social reality at that time, and the article has a strong literary color.

1 16? Yuefu Poems: The title is Yuefu Poems, edited by Guo Song Mao Qian, which is a collection of Yuefu songs from Han Wei to Tang and Five Dynasties. There are folk writers and imitators.

1 17? History of the Three Kingdoms: Written by Chen Shou in the Western Jin Dynasty. This is the biographical history of different countries. There are 38 volumes of Wei Zhi, Shu Zhi and Wu Zhi.

1 18? Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period: refers to Zuoshi Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period, Ram Biography and Gu Liang Biography.

1 19? Han Shu written by Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty is the first biographical history in China, with a total of 100. The system is inherited from Historical Records, but it has changed, and it is divided into eight tables, ten records, twelve biographies and seventy biographies. It describes the history from the first year of Emperor Gaozu to 229 years of Wang Mang. His achievements are also very high, which has a great influence on the later dynastic history.

120? The Analects of Confucius: one of the classic works of Confucianism, compiled by Confucius disciples and re-disciples, mainly describes Confucius' words and deeds. Confucius answered disciples and people at that time, and some disciples told each other what they had heard. The book focuses on memorizing words, which is a bibliography work.

12 1? History as a Mirror: Sima Guang of Song Dynasty presided over the compilation of the largest chronological general history of China, which integrated the achievements of the dynastic history of various dynasties and described the history of more than 1,360 years from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties in chronological order. The title of the book means "observing personnel, relying on resources to govern the road", that is, drawing lessons from the ups and downs of past dynasties as a reference for feudal rulers to govern the country and the people.

122? Meng Qian Bi Tan is a comprehensive academic monograph written by Shen Kuo, a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are 609 notes in the book, covering natural science, humanities, politics, military affairs, law, literature and art, etc. Many creative opinions are in the leading position in the world and are the coordinates in the history of science in China.

123? The Journey to the West: A famous romantic novel in ancient China, with a total of 100 chapters. Based on the story of Tang Priest's learning from the scriptures, it depicts the image of the Monkey King, and shows his fighting spirit of defying authority, not afraid of violence and doing everything except evil. It can be said that the whole book is the Monkey King's fighting history.

124? The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the earliest historical novel in China, the full name of which is Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong. It is China's first historical novel, and its outstanding artistic achievement is the description of the war.

125? Eight Records of Yongzhou: There are eight scenic travels written by Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, which were later called Eight Records of Yongzhou, among which Xiaoshitang is the most famous.

126? Outlaws of the Marsh: It is a famous long vernacular novel describing the peasant revolutionary struggle in ancient China, also known as loyalty and loyalty to the Water Margin. Taking the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty as the theme, the book clearly puts forward the struggle program of "upholding justice for heaven", portrays the heroic images of 108 Liangshan heroes, reveals the objective truth of "officials forcing the people to rebel" in feudal society, and truly describes the historical tragedy of the inevitable failure of the peasant revolution in feudal society.

127? The Scholars is an excellent satire novel written by Wu, with 54 articles and many independent stories. Its main content is to criticize the concept of fame and fortune of various feudal literati, focusing on attacking the imperial examination system, depicting the ugliness of literati and exposing the darkness and decay of feudal society. In art, satire surpasses any previous works.

128? Sao: The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are also called together. Guo Feng in The Book of Songs and Li Sao in The Songs of the South are both ancient works, which have great influence on later literature. Therefore, coquettish is often used at the same time. Later coquettish directly refers to The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.

129? A Dream of Red Mansions, also known as A Dream of Red Mansions, is China's greatest novel. * * * One hundred and twenty times, the whole book takes the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, and reveals the debauchery and corruption of feudal families through the narrative of the rise and fall of Jia Fu, revealing the fate of the feudal system on the verge of collapse and inevitable demise.

130? Aesop's fables, a collection of ancient Greek fables. Selected text "Hermes and Statue".

13 1? The Fables of krylov was written by the famous Russian fable writer krylov.

132? Arabian Nights, also known as Arabian Nights, is a collection of ancient Arab folk stories, from which the article The Fisherman's Story came.

(14) Comprehensive common sense

133? Folk story: It is a kind of oral literature based on reality and full of fantasy, which has four characteristics: A story is complete, B characters are distinct, C language is colloquial, and D is full of life flavor and local color.

Four China folktales: The Legend of the White Snake, The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, Meng Jiangnu and Liang Zhuchuan.

134? Myth refers to stories and legends that reflect ancient people's understanding of the origin of the world, natural phenomena and social life, and are expressed in the form of supernatural images and fantasies. The biggest feature of myth is to express the ancient people's ideal and pursuit of conquering natural forces by imagination.

The myth of China often appears in China's geographical masterpiece Shan Hai Jing. Most of the contents are geographical knowledge in ancient folklore. Among them, a large number of ancient myths and legends are preserved, such as "The Yellow Emperor fought in seclusion", "Jingwei reclaimed the sea" and "Kuafu chased the sun".

Common fairy tales in China: Nu Wa created man, Pangu opened heaven, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Houyi shot the sun, etc.

Western mythology, mostly Greek mythology. Related mythical figures:

(1) Zeus (known as Jupiter in Roman mythology), the highest god in Greek mythology, is in charge of lightning, and man and god are co-owners.

Apollo, the son of Zeus in Greek mythology, was in charge of light, youth, music and poetry. And often appear as a teenager with a bow and arrow.

Athena, the goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology, the patron saint of Athens.

Pandora, the first woman in Greek mythology. Beautiful and treacherous, she secretly opened a box given to her by Zeus, which contained diseases, madness, sin, jealousy and other evils, and flew out together, leaving only "hope" at the bottom of the box, so the world was full of disasters. "Pandora's Box" has become synonymous with "the source of disaster".

(5) Prometheus, the god who benefits the world in Greek mythology. Stealing skyfire and bringing it to the world, and teaching people various skills, angered Zeus, was locked on a cliff in the Caucasus, and was pecked to death by condors. He was a hero who resisted rape and sacrificed everything for mankind.

(6) The Sphinx, the gorgon in Greek mythology. Often let passers-by guess, guess that pedestrians are going to be killed; Later, because the answer was revealed by Oedipus, he committed suicide. Later, it often refers to the "mystery" figure. The Egyptian Sphinx has the same name.

135? Biography, also known as biographies of people, is a practical writing that describes the life stories of people, and its genre belongs to a narrative style. Biography is divided into autobiography and biography. Main features: "record". Expression: Take notes and discuss.

136? Four literary genres, novel, prose, poetry and drama.

137? Drama is a comprehensive art centered on the performing arts. The main features are sharp contradictions and conflicts; B the characters, scenes and plots are highly concentrated; Character language is personalized, fluid and colloquial;

Drama includes drama, opera and ballet.

Stage description, the descriptive words in a drama script are called "stage description", which includes time, place, costumes, props, scenery, expressions, actions, performances and so on.

Function: A portrays characters, and B unfolds stories.

138? Novel is a literary genre that focuses on portraying characters and reflects social life through complete story and specific environment description. Three elements of a novel: characters, plot and environment. People and things in novels are different from those in life (people and things with several narrative styles). For example, the character "I" in Lu Xun's novel "Hometown" cannot be equated with the author Lu Xun.

The novel structure is generally divided into several parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.

According to the length and capacity of novels, they are generally divided into three categories: novels, novellas and short stories, and those with particularly short length are called mini-novels.

Description is a common way to create characters in novels. Description is divided into language description, action description, appearance description, psychological description and so on. In addition, detail description and line drawing techniques are also used to describe characters.

In characterization, positive description and side description are used alternately. Like Kong Yiji.

In addition, the novel also uses environmental description (natural environment, social environment).

The role of environmental description: A sets off the characters, B promotes the plot development, C explains the background of the times, and D renders the atmosphere.

139? Prose is a literary genre with short space and free form, which can quickly reflect social life. Prose does not need a complete story, has the widest application range, is more flexible in language expression, and is indispensable for narrative, description, discussion, lyricism and explanation. "Form is scattered but spirit is not scattered" is the main feature of prose structure. According to the emphasis of prose expression, it can be divided into lyric prose, narrative prose and argumentative prose.

140? Communication, a specific report on typical people and things in real life, is called communication.

Communication includes event communication and character communication. Activity newsletters, such as "Flying for Nine Days" and "Rob the God of Wealth".

"Never regret the choice", "Rough Hero" and other newsletters.

14 1? News includes three parts: title, introduction and theme. The headline is usually a summary of the news content, the lead is an overview of the event or the event center, and the subject introduces the relevant situation or further highlights the center.

News headlines can be quoted: (explain the basic situation and set off the atmosphere)

Get to the point (point out the main facts and center)

The subtitle (supplementary explanation to the topic) consists of three parts.

142? Close-up, close-up is a kind of reportage, which intercepts a certain fragment of a certain person or thing and gives a detailed description, such as hard training.

143? Letters are divided into two categories, daily letters and special letters. Special letters. Refers to all kinds of social letters other than life letters, such as condolence letters, congratulatory letters, letters of introduction, letters of recommendation, business letters (business letters, business applications) and so on.