The clinical symptom of human beings is called black widow syndrome. Biting people are usually in the wild, simple toilets, huts and so on. At first, I didn't feel anything. After a period of time (10 ~ 60 minutes), the adjacent lymph nodes became swollen with slight pain, and then aggravated, and the pain began to spread to the whole body, and the red imprint extended to the lymph nodes. After that, the muscles contract, tighten and spasm. The skin is tight, the whole body emits sticky cold sweat, and the hair stands on end.
One of the manifestations of black widow syndrome is muscle contraction, tightness, spasm, tight skin, sticky cold sweat all over the body and hair standing on end.
At this stage, patients usually can't stand, lie on the ground and cry helplessly, which has great psychological influence. The patient's face presents a typical latrodectismi phase (also known as latrodectismi). This psychological symptom shows that the toxin seems to cross the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrovascular fluid barrier, affecting the brain nerves, making patients feel anxious and even afraid of death.
One of the patients with Black Widow Syndrome has typical facial features (also known as Latrodectismica).
Treating black widow spider bite;
(1) External treatment of the affected area seems to be ineffective because the virus spreads quickly.
(2) Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate can relieve the pain first, but the pain will recur within 20 minutes.
(3) The fundamental and rapid method is to inject antiviral serum, which will have a significant effect in about 10 ~ 20 minutes.
(4) The best treatment is intravenous injection of glucose and calcium, and then injection of anti-toxic serum, so that the pain will disappear quickly and will not recur.
Loxosceles Hermit Spider Brown Hermit Spider Brown Hermit Spider
Spiders of the genus Spider are widely distributed in North America, South America, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Cases caused by spiders have been reported in the above areas. The brown hermit spider is small, with a body length of about 10mm or less, and it releases about 0. 13 ~ 0.27 mg (dry weight) each time.
Its venom has the characteristics of proteolysis and hemolysis, especially sphingomyelinase contained in the venom can directly dissolve the membrane of red blood cells, causing deep damage.
The clinical symptoms of brown recluse spider bite can be divided into two categories:
A. Skin symptoms B. Visceral symptoms
(1) Skin symptoms (87%):
The results showed that the tissue around the bite was necrotic and swollen,/kloc-0 fell off after 3 weeks, and the ulcer gradually healed.
(2) Visceral symptoms (13%):
In addition to local skin symptoms, these patients will have hemolytic anemia, hematuria and hemoglobinuria within 24 hours. Due to the accumulation of red blood cells and platelets, they will cause thrombosis of venules and arterioles, leading to non-inflammatory nephropathy (nephropathy), oliguria or anuria.
The treatment of spider bite of brown hermit is very fast, but once local or systemic symptoms appear, it is too slow, and any treatment can only slow down the attack. Generally speaking, it is recommended to give high-dose corticosteroids for 2 ~ 4 days, because the digestive tract mucosa may have been damaged. In addition, antibiotics, surgical treatment, blood transfusion, hemodialysis, etc. Yes, depending on the degree of the disease. At present, there are anti-venom developed from mules, but it needs to be injected within 36 hours after bite.
Odonata, Odonata
Characteristics, symptoms and treatment:
This kind of spider is huge and very aggressive. Its venom contains histamine, serotonin, hyaluronic acid, protein lysozyme and so on, and its composition is very complicated. This spider can release as much as 8 milligrams of venom at a time, which can kill 300 mice. Fortunately, clinical reports show that the amount released by this spider is not the largest every time it bites. The mechanism of venom is to promote the permeability of sodium ions to nerve and muscle cell membranes. Its bite symptoms are severe pain in the affected part, which extends to the trunk and sometimes even causes shock. Its wound is not gangrenous like a brown reclusive spider. In addition, the patient's systemic symptoms are sweating, hypothermia, rapid heartbeat and high blood pressure. During the treatment, morphine can be given to relieve pain, and warm water can be used to dilate blood vessels and relieve pain. Then inject antihistamines and high-dose antitoxin serum (subcutaneous+intravenous injection). At present, Instituto Butantan has developed a three-purpose mixed serum of Phonetia-Lycosa-loxosceles.
Funnel web spider, funnel web spider, arachnid hexapod spider family.
1. atractyl toxin is the main component of venom, which is toxic to primates and dogs, but not to rabbits. Atractylock toxin can change the membrane potential of nerve cells and make the autonomic nervous system secrete a lot of acetylcholine, adrenaline and norepinephrine. Male spiders are about four times as toxic as female spiders. The reason may be that male spiders need to leave their nests to find mating partners during the breeding season, while female spiders don't; Because spiders are vulnerable when they leave their nests, they have evolved strong toxicity under the pressure of natural selection. The symptoms of spider bite in funnel net depend on whether the spider releases a lot of toxins. Severe pain, redness, hair standing upright and sweating will occur locally; Features like latrodectism；; Systemic symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sweating, tape casting (within 10 minutes), tears, nervousness, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, rapid heartbeat, arrhythmia and fever, and dyspnea caused by stagnant water is the main cause of death.
2. Treatment: The emergency treatment after being bitten by a funnel web spider is as follows:
(1) pressure bandage method: The venom is pressed into the subcutaneous tissue of the bite, which can sometimes naturally denature and lose its toxicity. When being sent to hospital for treatment or even injecting serum, experts suggest that pressure bandages should still be left in the affected area, because in many cases, once released, they will cause systemic symptoms.
(2) Antivenom: After injection of antihistamine and hydrocortisone, injection of antivenom can quickly relieve symptoms. This antiserum was extracted from rabbit serum by Comnonwealth serum laboratory in Australia. In 2000, the price of a dose of medicine was $760. According to the research, the serum made by Sydney funnel web spider Atrax can be used for different kinds of Atrax, but it needs a large dose, and it can also be used for all kinds of bites of blue mountain funnel web spider Hadronyche. Since 1980 introduced this serum, no deaths have been reported (from 1927 to 1980, there were 13 deaths).
Arthropods belong to the genus Arachnida (Hexapodidae).
1. Features:
In Taiwan Province Province, there is a report of the Hulster spider (Macrothele Holstipock1901) in the Japanese occupation era. The natives call it Dalumas, and they are extremely afraid of it. It is said that you will die if you step on footprints, and you will be blind if you cross the nest. Japanese Yoshio Sakaguchi once experimented with chickens to explore their toxicity. It is said that although the chicken was bitten, it was not fatal and died in 65438. After I was bitten by this spider, my pain was like a knife within 30 minutes, and my bitten hand could not write freely after three days. After the restoration, there was no relevant report in Taiwan Province Province.
Hulst Shang Hu Spider (Macrothel Holsti Pocock1901)
2. Recent bite cases:
Until recently, the Third Army General Hospital of Taiwan Province Province reported another confirmed case of spider bite. 1989 In early May, a four-year-old child in Linping, Taipei was bitten by a spider hiding in his shoes.
A case of spider bite
Its symptoms are severe pain in the wound, muscle tension in the lower limbs, limping, red line extending from the wound to the groin along the inner side of the lower limbs, abdominal pain, poor spirit, loss of appetite, lethargy, drooling, vomiting, cold limbs, chills, elevated blood pressure (142/85mmHg) and rapid heartbeat (138/min). The emergency department of the General Hospital of the Three Armies was treated with intravenous water and glucose, 10% glucose and calcium, oral acetaminophen, antihistamines and preventive antibiotics. Spiders were identified as giant spiders. Haupt 1998 .
3.3. Comparison of clinical symptoms. M.gigas and Atrax:
local symptom
The wound is red and swollen √√
Severe pain √√
Hair erect √√
Sweat √
Systemic symptoms of monitor lizard
Nausea √ √
Vomiting √√
Abdominal pain √√
Diarrhea √
Drooling √√.
Tears √
Muscle tension √ √
Dyspnea √
Heart rate increases √√.
Fever √
The symptoms of the two bites are very similar, and they are also very similar to Hadronyche. Therefore, the main components of the three venoms should be the same; Therefore, the antivenom of Pteris pentadactyla may be used to treat spider bites in Taiwan Province province, but further basic and clinical research is needed.
4. Prevention and treatment of spider bites:
(1) First-aid treatment: immediately press the affected area with a clean cloth, and if possible, use a splint supplemented with a pressure bandage to send the patient to the hospital for first aid.
(2) Prevention: During the breeding season, males will leave their nests to look for females, which is when they are most likely to enter the home or come into contact with humans in the wild. Most spiders live at night and choose hidden places to hide during the day. Therefore, residents in low-altitude mountainous areas or people camping in the wild should not only pay special attention to the actions at night, but also pay attention to whether there is Okumo hiding in shoes or in the shade of the house during the day to avoid being bitten.