First, the cleaning of clothes.
The dirt and decontamination of clothes will inevitably make people dirty when wearing them. If dirty clothes are not changed, it will not only affect the beauty of clothes, but also affect the elasticity, breathability and warmth of clothes and reduce the fastness of clothes. The decomposition of dirt will produce harmful components, which will provide conditions for the reproduction of bacteria and microorganisms, thus endangering human health.
There are two kinds of dirt, one is body dirt (metabolites and excretions secreted by the body and skin, such as sweat, etc.). ); The second is external dirt (caused by people's living and working environment and various activities, such as sand, ink, oil, etc.). There are many kinds of dirt, which can be roughly divided into water-soluble dirt, oil-soluble dirt and solid particle dirt. These stains are often attached to clothes in a mixed state, and oily stains are the most difficult to wash off.
Clothes with dirt must be cleaned, and different fabrics will have different washing methods.
1, cotton cloth
Cotton fabric has strong alkali resistance, acid resistance and high temperature resistance, and can be washed with various soaps or detergents. Soak in water for a few minutes before washing, but the time should not be too long to avoid damaging the color. Close-fitting underwear can't be soaked in hot water, so as not to make protein in sweat stains solidify and stick to clothes, and yellow sweat spots will appear. When washing with detergent, the optimum water temperature is 40℃ ~ 50℃. When gargling, you can master the method of "several times", that is, you don't need to use a lot of water every time you gargle, but you should wash it several times more. After each washing, it should be wrung out before the second washing to improve the washing effect. At the same time, clothes should be dried in a ventilated and cool place to avoid sun exposure and fading of colored fabrics.
2. Hemp fiber fabric
Hemp fiber has high rigidity and poor cohesion, so it is lighter than cotton fabric when washed. Avoid rubbing hard with a hard brush, so as not to make the cloth fuzz. Don't wring it out after washing, don't soak the colored fabric in hot water, and don't expose it to the sun to avoid fading.
3. Silk fabric
Soak in water for about 10min before washing, and the soaking time should not be too long. Avoid washing with alkali, and choose neutral soap or soap flake neutral detergent. It is best to take a bath with warm water or room temperature. After washing, gently squeeze out the water to avoid twisting. It should be dried in a cool and ventilated place, not exposed to the sun and not dried.
4. Wool fabric
Wool is not alkali-resistant, so it should be washed with neutral detergent or soap chips. Wool fabric will shrink and deform in aqueous solution above 30℃, so the washing bath temperature should not exceed 30℃. Generally, water at room temperature (25℃) is used to prepare aqueous detergent solution. When washing, don't wash it with a washboard, even if you wash it with a washing machine, you should also choose to wash it lightly. The washing time should not be too long to prevent the velvet from shrinking. Don't wring it out after washing, squeeze it out by hand and then drain it. It is advisable to dehydrate the washing machine for half a minute. It should be dried in a cool and ventilated place, not exposed to strong sunlight, so as to prevent the fabric from losing its luster and elasticity, leading to a decline in strength.
5, viscose fiber fabric
Viscose fiber has large shrinkage and low wet strength, so it should be soaked with water, not used for a long time. Viscose fabric hardens in water. When washing, wash lightly to avoid fuzzing or cracking. Use neutral detergent or low alkali detergent. The temperature of the washing liquid should not exceed 45℃ .. After washing clothes, fold them and squeeze out water to avoid wringing. Avoid sun exposure after washing, and dry in a cool and ventilated place.
6, polyester fabric
Soak in cold water for 15 minutes, and then wash with general synthetic detergent. The temperature of the lotion should not exceed 45℃. Dirty neckline and cuffs can be brushed with a brush. After washing, rinse it, wring it out gently, and put it in a cool and ventilated place to dry. It is not allowed to be exposed to the sun, nor should it be dried to avoid wrinkling due to heat. The washing of other chemical fiber fabrics is the same.
7. Leather clothing
Leather clothes can't be washed directly in water. Only use a soft cloth or brush dipped in water to wipe the dirt on the leather surface. It is best to apply a layer of paraffin wax after drying in the shade, and then wipe it evenly with a soft cloth.
Second, the custody of clothes.
In order to fully reflect the durable function of clothing, it must be properly kept, which can reduce the brittleness and discoloration of clothing. The reasons why clothes become brittle and discolored are as follows:
(1) Pests and molds.
(2) Finishing agents and dyes are hydrolyzed and oxidized by sunlight and moisture. For example, sulfuric acid released during dyeing with sulfur dyes will make fibers brittle.
(3) The influence of residues on fibers, such as the oxidation of residual chlorine.
(4) The fabric turns yellow due to air oxidation, such as silk fabric and nylon fabric.
(5) The fabric turns yellow due to the deterioration of finishing agents such as fluorescent whitening agents.
(6) In the storage environment, the fabric turns yellow due to the action of light or heat.
(7) Dyed fabrics fade due to dye sublimation.
(8) The fabric is discolored due to oil oxidation and evaporation of residual solvent.
The above aspects have different influences on various fabrics, so different influencing factors should be considered when keeping different fabrics.
1, cotton and linen clothing
Before storage in wardrobe or polyethylene bag, it should be dried, and light color and dark color should be stored separately. Wardrobe and polyethylene bag should be dry, and camphor can be put (wrapped in paper, not in direct contact with clothes) to prevent clothes from being eaten.
2. Wool clothing
It should be kept in a dry place. When plush or plush clothes and trousers are mixed, they should be wrapped with clean cloth or paper to avoid fluff polluting other clothes. It is best to ventilate 1 ~ 2 times a month to prevent insects from eating. All kinds of woolen clothes should be hung in the closet for storage. When you put it in the box, you should turn the back of the clothes outward to prevent fading, weathering and wind marks.
3, chemical fiber clothing
This kind of clothes should be laid flat, and should not be hung in the cupboard for a long time, so as not to be stretched by hanging. If it is a natural fiber blend, you can add a small amount of mothballs (do not touch clothes directly).
4. Leather clothing
Leather cracks easily when it is too dry, but it is not firm when it is wet. Therefore, leather clothes should not only be too dry, but also be moisture-proof, so leather clothes should not be worn as raincoats. If the leather surface is cracked, paraffin can be filled in the joints and ironed with an iron. If the garment surface is moldy, you can brush off the mold first and then coat it with leather polishing slurry.
Third, ironing clothes.
Because the washability of the washed clothes can not reach the optimal value, there will be different degrees of wrinkles. In order to make clothes smooth and beautiful, ironing (that is, finishing ironing) is needed, so the function of ironing is to make clothes smooth and crisp, with clear broken lines, fit and three-dimensional sense. Under the premise of not destroying the wearability and style characteristics of clothing, it applies suitable technological conditions such as temperature, humidity (moisture) and pressure to clothing for a certain period of time, so that the fiber structure changes and thermoplastic deformation occurs. So the basic technological conditions of ironing are temperature, humidity and pressure.
1, temperature
All kinds of fibers that make up clothing materials are thermoplastic, and the thermoplastic setting and thermoplastic denaturation of clothing can only be realized through the action of temperature. The higher the temperature, the better the shaping effect, but the ironing temperature of various clothing materials should be lower than its dangerous temperature (decomposition temperature and melting point) so as not to damage the appearance and performance of clothing. Due to different heat resistance, various fibers that make up clothing materials can withstand different temperatures. See the third section of this chapter for the ironing temperature of various fabrics.
2. Humidity
When the cloth meets water, the fiber will be wetted, expanded and stretched, and then the clothing will be easily deformed and shaped, but the humidity should be controlled within a certain range, too large or too small is not conducive to clothing shaping. Different fibers have different moisture absorption effects, so it is necessary to master them reasonably.
Ironing methods are divided into dry ironing and wet ironing. Dry ironing is direct ironing with an iron. It is mainly used for ironing wet clothes (tussah silk) or wet clothes (vinylon cloth) which are easy to shrink, and ironing thin fabrics such as cotton, chemical fiber, silk and hemp. Sometimes, for thick coats, sweaters and other clothes, wet ironing is used first, and then dry ironing is used to make all parts of the clothes smooth and crisp, without shell and pilling; Keep clothes flat for a long time.
3. Stress
A certain ironing pressure helps to overcome the resistance between molecules and fiber yarns, so that clothes can be deformed or shaped according to people's requirements. With the increase of pressure, the smoothness and pleat retention rate of clothing increase; With the increase of pressure, yarn and fabric are squeezed, the thickness of fabric becomes thinner and the contrast gloss increases. Excessive pressure can also cause the aurora of clothing. The ironing pressure of clothing should depend on the requirements of clothing material, shape and folding. For the creases and sizing materials of pants and pleated skirts, the pressure is greater. Cashmere fabrics such as corduroy should have low pressure or be ironed on the opposite side. For fabrics such as plush, steaming should be used instead of ironing, so as to avoid the quality being affected by fluffy lodging or aurora.
Ironing is a physical activity. To achieve the predetermined quality requirements, it needs the close cooperation of temperature, humidity, pressure, time and other parameters.