After returning to Beijing, Mei Lanfang continued to rehearse the new plays "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon", "Spring fragrance makes snow" and "Dai Yu buries flowers". 19 16 came to Shanghai for the third time and sang for 45 days. 19 18 and then moved to Shanghai, which was the pinnacle of his dramatic art, and he performed on the Tianchan stage many times. Combining the performances of Tsing Yi, Hua Dan and Beijing Opera blues, it created a mellow and beautiful singing voice and formed a unique Mei school. 19 15 years, Mei Lanfang rehearsed a large number of new plays, and made unique artistic innovations in singing, chanting, dancing, music, clothing and other aspects of Beijing opera, and was called the master of Mei School.
1965438+In April 2009, Mei Lanfang went to Japan to perform Scattered Flowers at the invitation of Imperial Theatre in Tokyo, Japan.
Plays such as Hosta. Return to China in a month. 192 1 The new drama Farewell My Concubine was edited and performed. 1922 presided over Chenghua Society.
During 1927, Shuntian Times held the first China actress selection. Mei Lanfang, with her profound foundation, mellow voice and beautiful appearance, is also known as the four famous Peking Opera artists with Cheng, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.
1In the spring of 930, Mei Lanfang led a delegation to the United States and performed Peking Opera in new york, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles and other cities, which was a great success. The newspaper commented that China's plays are not realistic, but artistic, a disciplined performance method and more profound than real life. During this period, he was awarded a doctorate in literature by Pomona University and the University of Southern California.
193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Mei Lanfang moved to Shanghai, staying at Cangzhou Hotel first, and then moved to Mas South Road 12 1. He rehearsed plays such as Anti-Nomads, Life and Death Hate, and promoted patriotism. 1935 led a delegation to perform in the Soviet Union and Europe and visit foreign dramas. Among Peking Opera artists, Mei Lanfang visited China the most and received the most foreign artists. He introduced the performing arts of Chinese Peking Opera and the humble and simple qualities of artists to people all over the world, so people called him the cultural messenger of Chinese Peking Opera from 1920s to 1950s.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese Puppet tried to buy people's hearts with Mei Lanfang to decorate Taiping, but was refused several times. Considering that she could not stay in Shanghai for a long time, Mei Lanfang 1938 went to Hong Kong. He performed Liang Hongyu and other plays in Hongkong, which inspired people's fighting spirit. 194 1 After the fall of Hong Kong, he arranged for his two children to study in the rear area. 1942 returned to Shanghai.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mei Lanfang returned to Shanghai and often performed Kunqu Opera. 1948 filmed the color film "Life and Death Hate", which is the first color opera film in China. After the liberation of Shanghai,1June, 949, he was invited to Beiping to attend the first National Congress of Literary and Art Workers and was elected as the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. /kloc-returned to Beijing to settle down in 0/950 and served as the president of Peking Opera Research Institute of the Ministry of Culture; 195 1 year as president of China opera research institute; 1952 President of China Peking Opera Theatre, and was elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress. 1955 filmed Mei Lanfang's stage art, including his representative works in various periods, such as Cosmic Front and Broken Bridge, as well as his life fragments and drama fragments, such as "Spring Fragments Noisy Garden", which were performed in factories and stages. 1956 He led a delegation of Chinese Peking Opera to perform in Japan. June 1959 performed "Mu Shuai Shuai" in Beijing as a gift program for the 10th anniversary of the National Day. 196 1 passed away in Beijing on August 8th. He is the author of Collected Works of Mei Lanfang, Selected Plays of Mei Lanfang and Forty Years of Stage Life. Representative plays include Drunk Maid-in-waiting, Goddess Scattered Flowers, Cosmic Front, Fishing and Killing Family, etc. More than 65,438,000 students have been trained and taught.
Mei Lanfang, a Beijing opera master, was born in a Beijing opera family. His grandfather Mei Qiaoling was a famous actress in the late Qing Dynasty, and his uncle Mei Yutian was a Peking Opera and Huqin player. The father's name is Mingrui, the word Zhufen, the son's name is Hua Dan, and the mother is Zhang Yu, the eldest daughter of Yang Longshou. At the age of 8, he studied under the famous young student Zhu Suyun's brother Zhu, 1 1 and took to the stage. He studied hard and practiced constantly, inherited and developed the traditional art of Peking Opera, and formed a unique "Mei School", which became the first of the four famous artists. His performing arts have long been well-known at home and abroad, but it was not until 16 that he got the stage name "Mei Lanfang".
In the autumn of Guangxu thirty-four years (1908), Ye Chunshan, the squad leader of Xilian, led a class to perform in Jilin. One morning, Niu Zihou, an enlightened man from Xi Liancheng, organized by Ye Chunshan, went for a walk in Beishan, Jilin. When they climb the mountain, they chat. Suddenly, they found a man practicing sword in the Woods. But seeing that he is light and agile, the sword is dancing with cold light, and the wind is whistling, enclosing himself in an arc aperture that can't splash water. Niu Zihou was completely stunned. He loved Peking Opera all his life, and he also saw many performances by martial arts masters. But there are not many unparalleled swordsmanship like this, and he can't help clapping his hands again and again. Hearing the applause, the sword dancer quickly put away his sword, blushed, wiped the sweat on his forehead with a handkerchief and bowed respectfully: "Boss Niu, I like to make a fool of myself."
At this moment, Niu Zihou stepped forward and looked at it carefully. He saw the young man in front of him, handsome and dignified. He is really a leading role material and asks, "Have you ever had a stage name?" Ye Chunshan replied: "I gave him a stage name' Xiqun'." Niu Zihou pondered for a long time, and said, "This child has good looks and good conduct, and it won't be long before he succeeds. How about renaming him Mei Lanfang? " Ye Chunshan and his disciples readily agreed. Since then, I have been using Mei Lanfang, a famous stage name at home and abroad.
Mei Lanfang has performance income. When she went to Hong Kong, she took it to Hong Kong and deposited it in the bank. However, shortly after returning to Shanghai, Hong Kong under the rule of the Japanese aggressors froze all this high deposit and could not withdraw it. Mei Lanfang, who has been living on interest, suddenly has difficulties in family life, and how the whole family can survive has become a problem that Mei Lanfang thinks day and night. He asked his wife what to do. The woman said, "Recently, the newspaper published the news that Ms. He Xiangning sells paintings for a living. We might as well learn from her. Give full play to your painting talent. How do you make a living by selling paintings? "
In fact, Mei Lanfang had this idea for a long time, but she didn't say it, for fear that her wife wouldn't agree. Since the lady took the initiative to speak, he naturally nodded. The two set out to conceive, the wife grinds ink and the husband paints. In less than eight days, I drew more than 20 pictures of fish, shrimp, plum and pine. When the public saw the eye-catching advertisement "Our store sells Mr. Mei Lanfang's latest works, welcome to visit", they snapped them up one after another. In less than two days, more than 20 paintings were all sold out.
After the news came out, the Shanghai literary and art circles, the press and the business circles reacted very strongly. Many celebrities proposed to hold an exhibition for Mei Lanfang. Mei Lanfang was particularly excited when she learned that. In order to live up to expectations, he practiced hard for half a month and painted dozens of works for the organizers to arrange. The organizer selected the Double Ninth Festival to be exhibited in the Shanghai Exhibition Hall, and invited Mei Lanfang and his wife to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony.
However, the news spread like wildfire, and the Japanese, puppet and traitors colluded with each other and made trouble at will. They sent a group of plainclothes policemen into the exhibition hall in advance, and many visitors left one after another. Mei Lanfang was surprised to find that the door was empty. When he entered the exhibition hall, he found a note pinned to each painting, which read "President Wang's Order", "Vice President Zhou's Order" and "Chief Okamura Ningji's Order" ... Some of them read "Send to Tokyo for Exhibition". Mei Lanfang and his wife saw this scene, and their eyes were burning. They immediately picked up the paper cutter on the table and stabbed the picture. "wow! Wow! Hey! " After a few minutes, the Chinese painting turned into a piece of paper.
Mei Lanfang's indignant destruction of paintings soon spread throughout Shanghai and the whole country. The newspaper of Shanghai authorities published the first news, saying: "Minister Chu was dumbfounded, and an art exhibition was a false alarm!" Soong Ching Ling, Guo Moruo, He Xiangning and Ou Yangyuqian delivered speeches of solidarity, praising Mei Lanfang's integrity and being admired by the world. The masses also sent letters to support Mei Lanfang's patriotic action. Mei Lanfang was moved to tears when he saw that the people of the whole country appreciated and supported him so much. He excitedly said to his wife, "I, Mei Lanfang, am no longer a lonely swallow!" "
Mei Lanfang was cut off from economic resources and lived in natural poverty. He had to sell his house in Beijing in tears, and then sold his collection for many years. Nevertheless, I borrowed money from my relatives and friends. A friend learned that his family's life was desperate, so he donated money to help each other. Ye Yuhu, an old painter, proposed to hold a Chinese painting exhibition in cooperation with him, highlighting the theme of plum and bamboo and expanding social influence.
In the occupied area of Shanghai, there is chaos and panic, and people have to live in fear because of water and electricity cuts or air raid alarms. It is in this difficult environment that Mei Lanfang made great progress in painting and overcame a series of unimaginable difficulties. After eight months' hard work, he painted more than 70 works of/kloc-0, with a wide range of subjects, including ladies, Buddha statues, flowers, pine trees and plum blossoms. Together with Ye Yuhu's works, it was exhibited in a villa of China Bank on Chengdu Road in the spring of 1945, which was well received by the majority of visitors.
After the exhibition, Mei Lanfang was forced to sell most of her works in order to make a living. Income is to pay off debts, to arrange the livelihood of the family, and to support people with more difficulties in the troupe. Mei Lanfang bitterly recalled the vicissitudes of these years and said gloomily to his friends, "I can't describe the pain of an actor who refused to perform on stage because of his beard because he resisted the harsh social environment." I paint partly to make a living and partly to amuse myself. Otherwise, I really want to suffocate. "
During the Anti-Japanese War, Mei Lanfang resolutely refused to perform for the national enemy, which showed the indomitable strength of a generation of artists. This incident has become a touching story of China, widely praised by the people of China, and greatly inspired the determination of the people of China to fight bravely.
Be good at playing roles
In Beijing Opera, Mei Lanfang is the best performer. In Beijing opera, women are collectively called Dan, which can be subdivided into many occupations according to the age and personality of the role. The woman who plays a well-off family and has status is called Zheng Dan, and Zheng Dan is commonly known as Tsing Yi in Beijing Opera, because the role of Zheng Dan often wears a blue robe. Dou E, the heroine in the Peking Opera Dou E Yuan, is a typical Tsing Yi character. Tsing Yi's performance is solemn and demure, beautiful, elegant and gentle, and mainly focuses on singing. Generally speaking, Tsing Yi's singing is beautiful and delicate.
Mei Lanfang Chronicle
Mr. Mei Lanfang is at:
1894
10 year 10 22 was born in the former residence of a Liyuan aristocratic family in Guaijie Street, Litie, outside Qianmen, Beijing.
1899
Mei Lanfang is studying in a private school near Baishun Hutong in Beijing.
1902
I formally studied Tsing Yi Opera with Wu Lingxian as my teacher. The first drama I learned was The Battle of Puguan, and then I learned about 30 dramas such as Ergong and Sanmujiaozi.
1904
/kloc-In August of 0/7 (the seventh day of the seventh lunar month), she made her debut in Beijing Guanghelou Theater and played the Weaver Girl in The Secret Oath of the Immortal Palace.
1907
Mei Lanfang's family moved from Baishun Hutong to Cao Lu Garden. Officially took the class to perform "Xi Liancheng".
1908
/kloc-In August of 0/4, mother Yang Changyu died of illness. After the whole family moved to the headline of Whip Lane.
19 10 year
Mei Lanfang married Wang Minghua. Starting from this year, I began to raise pigeons as a hobby.
19 12 years
For the first time, I performed on the same stage with Tan Xinpei, and performed the drama Sonny from Mulberry Garden.
19 13 years
65438+1October 3 1 accepted the invitation of Shanghai Xu to perform in Shanghai for the first time (that was the first time that Mei Lanfang left Beijing). 165438+1October16 the first performance of zakao's play "mukezhai" was also his first time to sing a big-axis play. This year, I began to learn new tunes and Kunqu opera. The whole family moved to Sanjiao Lane in Beijing.
19 14 years
In June 5438+10, he joined Wang Huifang and worked as a teacher in Qingfengtang. This year, I studied Kunqu Opera with Qiao Huilan, Shoushan Li and Chen Jialiang. He also learned drama from Lu, Liu and Liu. 10 From July to June, I first tried to create a new fashion drama "Wandering at Sea" in Wen Yi society. This year, Mei Lanfang reformed her makeup and headdress.
19 15
On April 10, a brand-new fashion drama "Official Tide" was staged in Beijing Jixiang Garden.
On April 16, a new fashion show "Deng" was staged in Beijing Jixiang Garden.
10 10/3 1 day, a new drama "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" composed of ancient costumes premiered in Beijing Jixiang Garden. For the first time, chasing light was used on the stage of Peking Opera. Mei Lanfang pushed the role of light forward.
This year, Mei Lanfang began to learn painting, and the painting teacher and painter Wang Luobai. Since then, I have known painters Chen Shiceng, Jin Gongbei, Mang Fu Yao, Chen Banding and Qi Baishi. At the same time, he made an appointment with the collector Zhu Yian to enjoy paintings, calligraphy and antiques extensively.
19 16 years
65438+ 10 14, the new drama "Dai Yu Buries Flowers" was staged in Beijing Jixiang Garden.
From April 19 to April 2 1 day, a new fashion drama "A wisp of hemp" was staged in Beijing.
19 17
Mei Lanfang created the mythical musical Goddess Scattering Flowers.
19 18
Mei Lanfang performed "Dream in the Garden". Mei School's "Dream in the Garden" is a wonderful work in China Opera Art Garden. In the same year, he created and performed "Ma Gu's Birthday" and "Red Line Stealing Box".
19 19
April 21-May 27, at the invitation of Imperial Theatre of Japan, I went to Japan to perform with "Xiqun Society". He has performed in Tokyo, Osaka and Kobe.
65438+ performed in Nantong, Jiangsu Province for the first time at the invitation of modern industrialist Zhang Jian in February.
1920
The first time I made a silent film "Chun Xiang Noisy School Hall".
192 1 year
At the beginning of the year, we cooperated with Yang Xiaolou to organize the "Lin Chong Society" troupe. At the end of the year, Fu Zhifang and I got married.
1922
On February 15, the new drama Farewell My Concubine premiered on the first stage in Beijing.
65438+1October15-165438+1October 22nd, at the invitation of Hong Kong Taiping Theatre, more than 40 people from Chenghua Society/kloc-0 performed in Hong Kong.
1923
For the first time, erhu was added to the accompaniment instruments of Beijing opera, which enriched the music of Beijing opera.
A new play "Luo Shen" was staged at Beijing Ming Kai Theatre.
A new play "Lian Jinfeng" was staged at Beijing Zhenguang Theatre.
1924
In May, he received Tagore, a famous Indian scholar, poet and writer, in his apartment in Beijing.
65438+1Oct. 9-165438+1Oct. 22 Mei Lanfang visited Japan for the second time at the invitation of the director of the Imperial Theatre of Japan. He has performed in Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto.
1925
This year, I created a new play, the first book and two books, which are so legendary.
1926
This year, I have created three new plays and four "The Legend of the True".
The visiting Swedish Crown Prince and his wife were received in the beautiful house of Adult Hutong in the east of Beijing.
1927
This year, it was rated as the first of the "Four Famous Dances" in Beijing Opera.
Create a new drama "Jun Xi Ren".
After Feng Gengguang, the banker at that time, got married, Mei Lanfang married Meng Xiaodong.
1928
On April 6th, the new drama Feng Haichao premiered in Beijing Zhonghe Theatre.
In summer, the new drama "Cosmic Frontline" was directed and performed in Beijing.
This year, I went to Hong Kong for the second time.
1930
65438+1October 65438+August-July led some actors of Chenghua Society Troupe to perform in the United States via Yokohama, Japan and Victoria, Canada. He has performed in Seattle, Chicago, Washington, new york, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego and Honolulu for 72 days.
Mei Lanfang was awarded an honorary doctorate in literature by Pomona College and the University of Southern California.
193 1 year
In May, he founded the National Opera Society with Yu Shuyan, Qi Rushan, Zhang Boju and others.
This year, he led a delegation to perform in Hong Kong for the third time.
In the same year, she dissolved her marriage with Meng Xiaodong.
1932
Mei Lanfang moved from Beijing to Shanghai.
1933
A new drama "Anti-Gold Warrior" was staged on the Shanghai Toad Stage.
1935
February 2 1-April 21led a troupe to visit the Soviet Union. In the Soviet Union, he met with drama masters Stani Lavschi and Brecht.
From April to August, he went to Poland, Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Britain and other countries for drama inspection. After returning to China through Egypt and India.
1936
On February 26th, a new drama "Life and Death Hate" was staged at Shanghai Toad Stage.
1938
At the beginning of the year, my family and members of the troupe went to Hong Kong to perform again. The whole family stayed in Hong Kong.
194 1 year
This year, I have to wake up and have a rest on the stage.
1942
I returned to Shanghai from Hong Kong this summer. From then on, Dumen thanked the guests.
1945
On June+10, 5438, he went on stage again and cooperated with Yu Zhenfei to perform the Kunqu Opera "Broken Bridge" and "Dream in the Garden" at Shanghai Meiqi Grand Theatre.
1948
June-165438+ 10 filmed the color film "Life and Death Hate" in Shanghai No.3 Factory.
1949
In July, he attended the first national congress of literary and art workers in China.
On September 30th, he was elected as the Standing Committee member of China People's Political Consultative Conference.
10 year 10 month 1 day, I attended the inauguration ceremony of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Central People's Government.
195 1 year
In April, Mei Lanfang was appointed as the president of China Opera Research Institute.
In July, the whole family moved back to Beijing from Shanghai and settled at Huguosi Street 1. (Now Mei Lanfang Memorial Hall)
1952
65438+Attended the World People's Peace Conference held in Vienna, Austria in February.
This year, I met ulanova, a famous Soviet dancer.
1953
In June 5438+10, Mei Lanfang was elected as the vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association.
1954
In September, Mei Lanfang was elected as the first National People's Representative of People's Republic of China (PRC).
1955
In June+10, 5438, Mei Lanfang was appointed as the director of China Peking Opera Theatre.
In April, the Ministry of Culture, the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the Chinese Dramatists' Association jointly held an activity to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Mei Lanfang's coming to the stage.
From February to August, he filmed the opera film Mei Lanfang's stage art, which was completed in June+February, 5438.
1956
From May 26th to July16th, at the invitation of Asahi Shimbun and other institutions, with the direct care and help of Premier Zhou Enlai, a Peking Opera delegation with the strongest lineup was formed, headed by Mei Lanfang. This is also Mei Lanfang's third visit to Japan. He has performed in Tokyo, Kyushu, Osaka, Kyoto and Nagoya.
1957
On June 7th, Helga, President of the International Dance Association, came to Beijing to present Mei Lanfang with the Medal of Honor.
1959
On May 25th, the new drama "Mu in Command" was staged in Beijing People's Theatre.
1960
65438+1October 2 1, the color film "A Dream in the Garden" was shot.
On April 15, the Beijing Municipal People's Committee appointed Mei Lanfang as the head of the Mei Opera Troupe.
196 1 year
On May 3 1 day, Mei Lanfang performed "Mu Commanding" for scientists in Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was the last performance of her stage career.
On July 9th, Mei Lanfang was appointed as the president of China Opera Academy.
Mei Lanfang died in Beijing at 5 am on August 8. Only 67 years old.