This group of sculptures by bernini is one of his early representative works, which shows the scene of the faun being played by children for fun. Movement and noise are the center of this work. The body of the god of agriculture and animal husbandry leans backward, and his arms are in tandem, almost forming a straight line. The whole work is set on a tree trunk, which is full of fruits, and there are two hunting dogs lying under the tree. The composition of this group of sculptures is lively everywhere.
This group of sculpture figures do not have the grand momentum and sense of strength in the Renaissance, but are light and elegant, reflecting the artistic style of Baroque.
Woman in the Bath Fa Erkao Nie represents the highest achievement of French Rococo sculpture in the18th century, and this work is his masterpiece. The author shows the instantaneous dynamics of a bathing girl taking off her dress and her feet about to step into the water, and uses realistic creative techniques to create a beautiful, elegant and pure female image. The characters are plump and charming, the lines are soft and smooth, the shape is simple and simple, and it is dynamic, harmonious and natural.
The graceful and stretched physical features and realistic modeling style of Bath Girl obviously inherit the characteristics of Rococo art, and at the same time, it combines the simple style of classicism.
The Portrait of Franklin was written by Wu Dong, which embodies the characteristics of Wu Dong's pursuit of depicting the characters' psychology: trying to summarize the life experiences and characteristics of the times within a very limited chest. The sculptor's rigorous shaping of Franklin's characters makes his image appear solemn and peaceful, and contains great bearing. The shape of the whole statue is extremely general and concise. The author vividly portrayed the object with realistic methods, which wrote an immortal page for the development of portrait sculpture. Franklin was an American social activist, writer and individual scientist. The Portrait of Franklin summarizes his life experience and characteristics of the times.
Cupid's Kiss Awakens the Soul is one of Canova's representative works, which also laid the foundation for his neo-classical sculpture style. This little statue was carved with great care, which fully showed the author's superb skills. In the work, Cupid's wings are extremely thin, more than one meter long, but they are not broken or damaged. The work is not only extremely smooth on the surface, but also has a strong sense of form and is full of romance. The kiss of the goddess of love expressed in the sculpture has no lust and passion, and awakens the god of soul with spirit in a calm atmosphere. This statue shows the artist's pursuit of formal beauty.
Marley's horse is the work of French sculptor Coustau. The sculptor made great efforts to shape this violent, majestic and unruly horse. It held its head high and trotted with irresistible momentum. Next to the horse was a horse trainer who tried to tame the fierce horse. The contrast between horses and people in shape and strength conveys an unconquerable spirit. In terms of carving skills, the sculptor obviously inherited the baroque artistic technique.
Apollo and Daphne Benigni, Italy
Daphne (Laurel Goddess) is a very beautiful goddess. She once worshipped Apollo, Zeus' eldest son. Finally, one day Apollo finally couldn't resist his love for the goddess laurel and pursued her. But because Apollo itself is the sun god, his body gathered a lot of heat energy, which made laurel unbearable, and once he got close, he was in danger of burning his skin. So every time Apollo chased laurel, she would hide. In this way, chasing and hiding, but this is not the way after all, and finally laurel can't stand it, she shouted for help. Her father couldn't stand his daughter suffering so much, so he opened a big crack in the earth. The laurel tree jumped into a big tree and grew out of the crack. From then on, this tree was called laurel. For some reason, Apollo thought that laurel would rather be a tree than be with him. It was not until one day that he suddenly realized that laurel had become a big tree because he was too hot. Apollo vowed to leave a cover for laurel forever. That is the sunspot we know now, the eternal cover left in the heart of the sun god, the cover he left for laurel. ...
Apollo and Daphne Benigni
The love chase between Apollo and Daphne described in Greek mythology is a very attractive story, and many artists like to use this theme in their creation. One of the most famous is the statue carved by Giovanni Lorenz bernini.
1623, bernini decorated the garden of Roman Cardinal Spio Nieberggates with four groups of statues, among which Apollo and Daphne were one. It is now in the Boggs Art Museum in Rome, Italy.
The statue shows the moment when Apollo's hand touched Daphne's body. Both of them are running in the wind, and their bodies are light and beautiful. Daphne's body has begun to turn into a laurel tree. Her flying legs have turned into tree trunks, planted in the soil, and leaves have grown between her fluttering hair and stretched fingers. Even her softest breasts are covered with a thin layer of bark. But Daphne still keeps flying all over her body, with graceful S-shaped arms and figure. She tilted her head, her eyes changed from panic to numbness, and she felt pity. Apollo watched Daphne turn into a laurel tree, and her expression changed from surprise to sadness, but it was irreparable. One of his hands is still on Daphne's body, and the other hand leans down to form a straight line with Daphne's arm, which makes the whole statue feel turbulent and expressive.
Bernini's works are created by imitating the style of late Greek sculpture, and the dramatic plot makes the statue deeply rooted in people's hearts. The attitude of the whole work is impeccable. No matter from which angle, the two figures are as beautiful as dancing. This work was written by bernini for one of the most powerful cardinals at that time. It immediately caused a sensation in Rome, and everyone who saw it was moved by it.
Italian sculptor and architect Giovanni Lorenz bernini is the greatest artist in17th century. He was born in 1598 and died a few days after his 82nd birthday. He is the last of the outstanding and versatile artists, and it is because of their efforts that Italy has been the beacon of the western world for three centuries.
As the chief of Italian Baroque art, bernini is versatile. He is good at writing and painting, which is the legacy of the Renaissance. As for bernini, people once wrote: A well-known drama was staged, in which he painted landscapes, carved statues, invented machinery, composed music, wrote comedy plays and even built a theater. His influence on him at that time was unparalleled in history.
Bernini was born in Naples, his father was also a sculptor, and his family moved to Rome in 1605. It is said that when he was eight years old, he made a picture of a child, which surprised his father. By the age of 17, he had been able to independently make a very good bust for the Archbishop of Sadorni. Later, I met the famous cardinal Spio Bohr Gates. When he was young, in order to decorate his garden, Polgates ordered a series of works from him. By making these works, bernini can be said to have achieved unexpected success and won great honor. David, which he wrote at 16 19 (some people think it was at 1623), is one of them.
The characters in bernini's novels are always in intense movement. Marble seems to have lost its weight in his hands, and the clothes of the characters always flutter gently with the wind, giving people a feeling of lightness, liveliness and uneasiness. Bernini's description of the human body is no less than Michelangelo's, but he is better at expressing dramatic plots and the human body in intense exercise. From his works, we can also see the influence of classical tradition on him, especially the style of Hellenistic period, which has obvious echo in his works. When the sculpture "Apollo and Daphne" was completed, bernini won the praise of the whole Rome, and even some senior religious figures were moved by it, including urban VIII, who soon became Pope, who also praised bernini. Later, he entered the Vatican and was commissioned by the Pope to make a luxurious bronze canopy for St. Peter's Cathedral, which is a work closely combined with sculpture and architecture. This lifelike sculpture fully shows bernini's thought of serving religion wholeheartedly, and also shows the comprehensive, luxurious, decorative and dramatic features of Baroque art.. The creation of the front colonnade of St. Peter's Cathedral is magnificent and dynamic, echoing Michelangelo's cathedral dome, making this landscape the most magnificent in Rome. The success of the altar sculpture "The Altar of Santa Teresa" marks the peak of bernini's sculpture. In this work, bernini embodies humanism. It reflects people's dignity, ideals and pursuit of a better life, which is also an active part of bernini's creation and different from the general Baroque art. ..
Bernini's portrait sculptures can be roughly divided into two categories: one is made at the behest of the Pope and the king. This kind of works are more gorgeous and less personalized, and often lack the portrayal of the characters' hearts. The second category is his portrait sculptures for friends and family. He has more freedom when making portraits of friends and family, so he is more vivid. Later, in 1665, he was invited by King Louis XIV of France to design the east facade of the Louvre in France. But at this time, bernini's sculptures show more and more stylization tendency, while humanism is weak, realism factors are also decreasing, and more is religious mystery. Although the creative skills have reached perfection, many works have lacked vitality and innovation.
Bernini is not only a famous sculptor and architect, but also an excellent painter. Few people mentioned this. In fact, many of his more than 65,438+000 works in his life are excellent. In addition, he drew some cartoons, and bernini was also a famous cartoonist in17th century. Bernini is essentially a man full of faith. He didn't write an article to clarify his ideas, but bernini is unique: some artists are equally enthusiastic and some artists are equally creative, but in the whole history of art, there may never be a greater warrior who fought for his beliefs.
Bernini's fountain is his most outstanding contribution to Rome. His first fountain was the "wrecked ship" in the Spanish square, which combined sculpture and architecture like a canopy. Triton is a major change of the Romanesque fountain. The overlapping pools of traditional geometric square fountains look lifelike. Four curved fish lifted a huge shell, and Poseidon stood on the shell and sprayed water with the horn of the conch shell.
But not all early architectural designs were successful. 1637, he began to build the bell tower above the facade of St. Peter's Cathedral. But by 1646, when the weight of the bell tower began to crack the building, they were torn down, and bernini once fell out of favor.
Bernini's most outstanding commemorative works were completed in the mid-1960s from 65438 to 0640s. The Fountain of Four Rivers in Rome's Navona Square is an ancient Egyptian obelisk, which stands on a huge hollow rock. There are four marble statues at the top of the rock, symbolizing the four major rivers in the world in the17th century, namely the Danube in Europe, the Nile in Africa, the Ganges in Asia and the Labrador River in America. At the top of the obelisk is the Pope's coat of arms and a dove with a brown column (the family emblem of Pope Innocent X), which clearly shows that the Vatican has recovered and is full of vitality, and it rules the world in the name of God. Despite its obvious symbolic significance, bernini's fountain is his best permanent work.
Bernini's stage design survived for several years, which also showed his comprehensive imagination. The essence of bernini's plays is the same as his art. He broke the old rules and established direct and often unexpected contact with the audience. He is famous for using real fire in his performances, and once he even flooded the stage with water, making the audience become enthusiastic actors in the performance at least for an instant.
The most outstanding example of mature art in bernini is the Cornaro Chapel of Notre Dame de Victoria in Rome. Since the beginning of his artistic career, he has been exploring progress. The church commissioned by Cardinal Cornaro is located in a shallow auditorium of the church. The center is The Addiction of Mother Teresa, which describes a mysterious experience of Mother Teresa of Avila, a great reformer of Spanish Gal Murrow society. Teresa dreamed that one day she would pierce her heart with the burning arrow of God's love. Bernini's artistic creation is based on the situation described by Teresa herself. The posture of the statue is that the addicted saint fainted in a dreamland, and the veil hung on the front cover and placed in the niche above the altar, illuminated by airlight. This work combines many factors of architectural art and decorative art, and it is orderly and distinct. Many members of the Cornaro family can be seen in the space similar to the opera box on the left and right. They are full of energy, either talking, reading or praying. Cornaro Chapel fully embodies bernini's three-dimensional picture ideal. The images of Santa Teresa and angels are carved on white marble, but the viewer can't tell whether they are three-dimensional carvings or just deep reliefs. Natural sunlight forms an inseparable part of this sculpture. It shines from a hidden light source above and behind the two images and shines brightly. Mother Teresa's addiction is not a sculpture in the traditional sense, but an organized landscape painting, which consists of sculpture, painting and light, including admirers in religious dramas.
Bernini's greatest architectural achievement is the colonnade around the square in front of St Peter's Cathedral. The main function of the huge space is to accommodate people who come to listen to the Pope's blessing on Easter and other special occasions. Bernini designed a huge oval pattern, and the place connecting the church was a trapezoidal vestibule. In this form, he described the church as a mother and surrounded it with his arms. In order to meet the demand of free access to the site, it is a pioneering solution to design independent columns. The square guides tourists into the church, which makes up for the lack of too wide front of St. Peter's Cathedral. The center of bernini Oval Square is the Vatican Obelisk, which Sixtus V moved to the front of the church in 1586. Bernini moved a fountain built in Madeno to the long axis of the square. In order to match the scenery perfectly, an identical one was added on the opposite side. This design is similar to the image of Santander Square in Quirinal Mountain designed by bernini, but the meaning and function are different, but the two oval patterns are equally refreshing.
The most magnificent religious decoration in bernini is the seat of the Pope, the throne of St. Peter, which was completed in 1657~ 1666. The wooden papal throne in the Middle Ages was gilded with bronze. Bernini's task is not only to decorate chairs, but also to create a meaningful goal for attending St. Peter's Cathedral in the back hall. The appearance of the throne is supported by bronze statues of four famous figures, namely, early Christian theologians Saint Ambrose, Saint Athanasius, Saint John Crisosto and Saint Augustine. Above are the golden wheels of angels in the clouds and the light of the Holy Spirit painted on the oval window. The natural light of the Holy Spirit has become a tangible symbol that God's mercy has spread all over the world through the church. The creation time of the chair is roughly the same as that of the square. The obvious difference between these two works shows that bernini's versatility is really amazing. Both of these works were created by Pope Alexander VII of Qiji family (1655~ 1667 reigned).
The ecstasy of Italian Santa Teresa bernini.
Giovanni Lorenz bernini is an Italian sculptor and architect, one of the main representatives of Baroque art, and also the founder of Baroque art. His works are characterized by the integration of architecture, sculpture and painting in the church, paying attention to the sense of form of the works, especially the painting elements in the sculpture, and being good at expressing the instantaneous intense actions and mental state of the characters with delicate techniques and exaggerated composition, which makes his works have a strong sense of drama. The ecstasy of Santa Teresa in the picture is a perfect example of baroque art. The statue shows that Santa Teresa saw an angel throw A Jin hair at her in an illusion, hitting her heart, and her body and spirit were intoxicated by it. The statue is elegant and moving, full of dramatic feelings and movements, reminiscent of Michelangelo and ancient statues. Bernini is also a prolific artist. He decorated Rome into a baroque this beautiful city with his masterpieces and wandered the streets of Rome. These works can be seen everywhere. He is a great architect, and the ground planning of St. Peter's Square in Rome is one of his greatest achievements in architecture. This shows that his works were greatly loved by the Vatican and society at that time.
Voltaire's idol of the shepherd
Voltaire was a French enlightenment thinker, writer and philosopher. Voltaire was the standard-bearer of the French bourgeois enlightenment in the18th century, and was known as the king of French thought, the best poet in France and the conscience of Europe. Voltaire not only has outstanding achievements in philosophy, but also is famous for defending civil liberties, especially freedom of belief and judicial justice. Voltaire openly supported social reform, despite strict censorship in his time. His remarks were satirical and often attacked the dogma of the Christian church and the French education system at that time. Hugo once commented: Voltaire's name represents not a person, but an entire era. He advocates the natural human rights advocated by Rousseau, and believes that all people are born free and equal, and all people have the right to pursue survival and happiness, which is endowed by God and cannot be denied. This is an innate idea of human rights.
Voltaire statue
This is an outstanding representative of classical sculpture. The old man sat quietly in an easy chair, dressed in an ancient Roman robe, with his hands on the armrests and his head tilted slightly, as if listening to people's conversation carefully. The emaciated and aging body is faintly discernible, but the robes obey the straight line from top to bottom to cover it up, and the thick pleats are particularly conspicuous. This makes the whole sculpture have a commemorative effect, and the ingenious handling is amazing. Voltaire's facial description is particularly delicate and contains extremely rich content. His strength is not external, but internal. It is the calm attitude of the great wise man when facing all problems, commanding, comfortable and calm, laughing and cursing, humorous and witty. Especially those eyes are made according to the appearance of real people. The iris is completely sunken, and the shadow of the sunken part is full of black spots. This pair of crystal clear, seemingly watery eyes is full of confidence and strength. Wu Dong was the first sculptor who knew how to portray eyes. One of his friends commented.
Among the few sculptors in the history of western art, Wu Dong occupies an important position. He lived in the era of the French Enlightenment, was an epoch-making sculptor, and played a connecting role in the transition from French classicism to realism.
Jean Antoine Oolong was born in a janitor's family in Versailles. At the age of seven, his father's yard became an art school specializing in training top students going abroad, so Xiao Wudong came into contact with some famous French artists from an early age. With talent and artistic influence, Wu Dong had considerable artistic talent when he was a teenager. /kloc-entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Paris at the age of 0/5. At the age of 20, his relief "A Gift from Queen Seba to King Solomon" won a grand prize and was sent to the Royal French Academy of Fine Arts in Rome for further study. When Wu Dong returned to Paris from studying in Rome at the age of 27, he realized that young artists must work hard to participate in the biennial national salon exhibition if they want to be recognized by the society. It was in these exhibitions that he was appreciated by the critic Diderot, who recommended him to Russian Queen Catherine II and made a statue for her.
Wu Dong's Sleeping God, written by 1769, was exhibited in the salon of 177 1. Because of the success of this work, he was promoted to be an academician of the Royal Academy of Sciences. This life-size nude male statue is reminiscent of the spatial layout of Roman Baroque period and Michelangelo's strong style. At the age of 35, Wu Dong created another masterpiece: Diana. This work caused a sensation before it was exhibited. The image is a naked woman, unusually plump, round and smooth, refined and beautiful, with an implicit expression and full of life breath. The goddess touched the ground with one foot, and her whole body weight fell on her toes, giving people a light and exquisite aesthetic feeling. The coordinated movements of her hands and whole body with bows and arrows, especially the vigilant review of her head raised and the direction of advancement, made the statue have a strong sense of movement, which was a great success. Wu Dong skillfully combines traditional classicism with the curvaceous beauty of Rococo in his works. Sleeping God and Diana are the summary of Wu Dong's idealized classical style.
Diderot's friend and writer Green once pointed out that Wudong was the first sculptor who knew how to portray people's eyes. Wu Dong's methods and techniques of shaping and portraying eyes are varied, and the wonderful finishing touch profoundly reveals the mystery of people's hearts. The portraits he came into contact with, whether heroic or gentle, gave people a crystal clear feeling. The year after he was awarded an academician of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Wudong, that is, the year when he was 37 years old, was the richest year of his creation. In this year, outstanding portrait sculptures such as Voltaire, Moliere, Rousseau and Franklin were produced, among which Voltaire and Moliere were the most successful, and they all showed distinct characteristics and personalities of the times. The reason why Wu Dong can create so many portraits of outstanding advanced figures with distinctive personality characteristics and ideological depth is inseparable from his social ideal and progressive aesthetic concept. He once said: "The most unique feature of such a difficult carving art is that it can carve people who have won honor and created happiness for the motherland into almost immortal images, while maintaining the full authenticity of their characteristics. This kind of thinking has constantly followed and inspired me in the long-term artistic labor. "
This is the greatness of martial arts. At the age of 62, Wu Dong was awarded the title of Chief Sculptor of the Royal Academy and Professor of the School of Painting and Sculpture Architecture. He directly influenced Luther, Carpau and Rodin, who were also his fanatics.