NFC chips have the functions of mutual communication and computing power. The Felica standard also includes encryption logic circuit, and the later standard of MIFARE also adds an encryption/decryption module (SAM).
The NFC standard is compatible with Sony's FeliCaTM standard and ISO 14443 A, B, that is, Philips' MIFARE standard is used. TypeA, TypeB and TypeF are abbreviated in the industry, where A and B are Mifare standards and F is Felica standards.
In order to promote the development and popularization of NFC, the industry has set up a non-profit standard organization-NFC Forum to promote the realization and standardization of NFC technology and ensure the cooperation between devices and services. At present, NFC Forum has hundreds of members around the world, including Sony, Phlips, LG, Motorola, NXP, NEC, Samsung, atoam and Intel, among which China members include China Mobile, Huawei, ZTE and Zheng Long, Taiwan Province Province.
technical characteristics
Like RFID, NFC information is transmitted through electromagnetic induction coupling in the radio frequency part of the spectrum, but there are still great differences between them. First of all, NFC is a wireless connection technology, which can provide simple, safe and fast communication. Its transmission range is smaller than RFID, which can reach several meters or even dozens of meters. However, due to its unique signal attenuation technology, NFC has the characteristics of short distance, high bandwidth and low energy consumption compared with RFID. Secondly, NFC is compatible with the existing contactless smart card technology and has become a formal standard supported by more and more major manufacturers. Thirdly, NFC is a short-distance connection protocol, which provides simple, safe, fast and automatic communication between various devices. Compared with other connection modes in the wireless world, NFC is a close-range private communication mode. Finally, RFID is more used in production, logistics, tracking and asset management, while NFC plays a huge role in the fields of access control, public transportation and mobile payment.
NFC, infrared and Bluetooth are all non-contact transmission modes. They have different technical characteristics and can be used for various purposes. There is no difference in their technology.
NFC mobile phone has built-in NFC chip. Compared with RFID, it is only used as a tag, which increases the function of two-way data transmission. This progress makes it more suitable for electronic money payment. Especially RFID, mutual authentication, dynamic encryption and one-time key (OTP) can be realized on NFC. NFC technology supports many applications, including mobile payment and transaction, peer-to-peer communication and mobile information access. Through NFC mobile phone, people can connect their desired entertainment services and transactions at any place, at any time and through any device, so as to complete payment and obtain poster information. NFC devices can be used as contactless smart cards, reader-writer terminals of smart cards and device-to-device data transmission links. Their applications can be divided into the following four basic types: payment and ticket purchase, electronic tickets, intelligent media and data exchange and transmission.
Comparison of traditional short-range communication
Compared with traditional short-distance communication, Near Field Communication (NFC) has natural security and fast connection establishment, as shown in the following table:
NFC antenna
A near-field coupling antenna, because the wavelength of 13.56Mhz is very long and the reading and writing distance is very short, the suitable coupling mode is magnetic field coupling, and the coil is the suitable coupling mode. In the mobile phone industry, magnetic films (such as those produced by TDK and other companies) are usually attached to FPC to make antennas. A new technology is the combination of magnetic film and FPC, namely magnetic FPC.
development prospect
NFC has the characteristics of low cost, convenience and intuition, which makes it more potential in some fields-NFC can realize the communication of various devices within a few centimeters through the combination of a chip, an antenna and some software, and the cost is only 2~3 euros. According to ABIReasearch's latest research on NFC, the NFC market may develop in mobile handheld devices. ABI estimates that after 2005, there will be smart phones and enhanced handheld devices with NFC chips on the market. By 2009, this handheld device will account for more than half of the market. The research institute Strategy Analytics predicts that by 20 1 1, the global contactless payment based on mobile phones will exceed 36 billion US dollars. If NFC technology can be popularized, it will greatly change the way people use many electronic devices, and even change the way they use credit cards, keys and cash. As a new technology, NFC roughly summarizes the shortcomings of poor interoperability of Bluetooth technology. But its goal is not to completely replace other wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, but to complement each other in different occasions and fields. Due to the low data transmission rate of NFC, only 2 12Kbps, it is not suitable for applications requiring high bandwidth such as audio and video streaming.
The so-called conflict between RFID standard and NFC standard is a misunderstanding of NFC. NFC and RFID are similar in physical layer, but they are two different technologies. RFID is just a technology to identify tags wirelessly, while NFC is a wireless communication mode, which is interactive.
NFC test sites around the world
* Phillips Arena, USA (from 65438+February 2005) In Phillips Arena, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Visa and Philips began to cooperate in the main NFC test-fans can easily buy things in specialty stores and clothing stores. In addition, by putting NFC-enabled mobile phones in front of posters embedded with NFC tags, they can also download movie content, such as ringtones, wallpapers, screensavers and newspaper clippings of favorite stars and artists. Other partners include Nokia, Cingular, Visa, Atlanta Spirit, Chase and Vivo Tech.
* June 5438 in Caen, France +20051October, Caen, Normandy, France. Philips cooperated with France Telecom, Orange, Samsung, Laser Retail Group and Vinci Park to conduct a major multi-application NFC test. During the six-month test, 200 residents of Caen will use Samsung D500 mobile phones embedded with Philips NFC chips to pay in selected retail stores and park facilities, and can download famous tourist attractions, movie videos and information about bus timetable.
* Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province Province, the near-end mobile phone service started in July 2005, and Philips and Taiwan Province Province Proximity Mobile Transaction Service Alliance (Proximity Mobile Transaction Service Alliance; PMTSA) cooperated to show a BenQ mobile phone that can make secure payment through NFC. This can be said to be a milestone in the promotion of NFC mobile phones into the public transport network in Taiwan Province Province.
2007 was the year when NFC was launched in Chinese mainland. Since August, Nokia 6 13 1i with built-in NFC chip has been put on sale in Beijing, Xiamen, Guangzhou and other cities. This mobile phone has a pre-downloaded transportation card and can be used in the municipal transportation system. With this mobile phone, users only need to open a prepaid account to buy tickets and shop in some shopping malls. China has huge market potential, and the commercialization of NFC in China is undoubtedly exciting news. At present, millions of people in China have used the contactless municipal traffic "one-card" in public transportation, including130,000 in Beijing, 6 million in Guangzhou and10/0,000 in Xiamen. The application of Nokia and the public transportation departments in the above three places really kicked off the commercialization of NFC.
NFC tag type
NFC has four basic tag types, which are identified by 1 to 4 respectively, and each tag has a different format and capacity. The formats of these tag types are based on ISO 14443, Type A and Type B, Sony FeliCa, the former is the international standard of contactless smart cards, and the latter conforms to the passive communication mode standard of ISO 18092. The advantage of making NFC tags as simple as possible is that they can be used once in many situations, such as when the poster has a short life.
1 class label (Tag 1 type): This type is based on ISO 14443A standard. This label is readable and rewritable, and users can configure it as read-only. The storage capacity is 96 bytes, which is used to store website addresses or other small amounts of data. However, the memory can be expanded to 2 kilobytes. The communication speed of this NFC tag is 106kbit/s, and this tag is simple, so it has high cost performance and is suitable for many NFC applications [2].
Tag2 type: This tag is also based on ISO 14443A, which can be read and rewritten, and the user can configure it as read-only. Its basic memory size is 48 bytes, but it can be extended to 2 kilobytes. The communication speed is also106 kbit/s.
Tag3 type: This tag is based on Sony FeliCa system. At present, its storage capacity is 2kbytes, and the data communication speed is 212kbit/s. Therefore, such a tag is more suitable for more complex applications, although the cost is higher.
Tag4 type: This tag is defined to be compatible with ISO 14443A and B standards. It is preset to be readable/rewritable or read-only at the time of manufacture. The memory capacity can reach 32kbytes, and the communication speed is between106kbit/s-424kbit/s. ..
As can be seen from the definitions of different tag types mentioned above, the first two categories are quite different from the latter two categories in terms of storage capacity and composition. So their applications are unlikely to overlap too much.
1 and Class 2 tags are binary and can be read/written or read-only. Categories 3 and 4 are read-only, and data is written during production or through special tag writers.