During the Qing dynasty, shaving and changing clothes were carried out by violent means, and men's clothes were unified according to Manchu customs. In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), the regulations on wearing colored epaulettes were promulgated, abolishing the crown clothes with strong colors of Han nationality. In the Ming Dynasty, all men wore their hair in a bun and wore loose clothes, stockings and pumps. In the Qing dynasty, the hair was shaved into braids, and the braids hung behind the head, wearing thin horseshoe cufflinks and tight socks and deep boots. However, according to the law, official and folk costumes are completely different.
The main variety of official uniforms in Qing dynasty is robes and mandarin jackets. Official hats are completely different from those of previous dynasties. All military and political personnel, such as non-commissioned officers and officers, wear small weft hats similar to hats, which are divided into warm hats and cool hats in winter and summer. According to different grades, they are fitted with "coats" of different colors and materials, and a bunch of peacock feathers are dragged behind the hat. Ling is called Hualing. There are "eyes" (round spots on feathers) on the senior ling, which can be divided into one eye, two eyes and three eyes. More eyes are more expensive, and only princes or ministers with outstanding achievements are rewarded. The emperor sometimes wears a yellow jacket to show his special affection. As far as the influence is concerned, mandarin jackets of other colors have gradually become popular among officials and gentry, and become ordinary costumes. Officials above grade four or five still hang beads of Buddha around their necks, which are made of all kinds of precious stones and fragrant wood, which constitutes another feature of official uniforms in the Qing Dynasty. The progress of silk weaving, embroidery, printing and dyeing and various manual occupations created conditions for the richness of clothing varieties in the Qing Dynasty.
The development of women's wear in Qing dynasty, Han nationality and Manchu nationality was different. During Kang Yong period, Han women kept Ming style, while clothes and long skirts were popular in small sleeve. After finishing, the clothes are getting fatter and shorter, the cuffs are getting wider and wider, and with the cloud shoulders, the pattern renovation is endless; By the end of the Qing Dynasty, urban women had put on skirts and trousers, which were inlaid with lace and rolled teeth, and most expensive clothes were spent on them. Manchu women wear "flag clothes", comb the flag bun (commonly known as two ends) and wear "flowerpot bottom" flag shoes. As for the so-called cheongsam circulated in later generations, it has long been mainly used in the court and the royal family. In the late Qing dynasty, cheongsam was also imitated by the ladies of the Han nationality.
Modern clothing (since 19 12)
The Revolution of 1911 ended the feudal autocratic monarchy system of more than two thousand years, and the costumes of the Chinese nation entered a new era.
Prior to this, the reformist Kang Youwei wrote to Foreign Minister Wu Chunian in 1894 to reform the service system and service style; China students also put on their suits. With the strengthening of communication between China and foreign countries, colorful clothes have finally washed away the hierarchical concept of clothes. Traditional robes, shirts, jackets, trousers and skirts are increasingly influenced by western clothing and replaced by many new varieties and styles. 1 menswear. In the early years of the Republic of China, suits and ties went hand in hand with robes and jackets. Wearing a hat is considered to be the most solemn dress, whether it is a Chinese suit or a western suit. Chinese tunic suit appeared around 1920s, and gradually became popular in cities. The vast rural areas have always followed the traditional coat pants, wearing felt hats or top hats, and wearing their own sewn cloth shoes. 2 women's wear. The Revolution of 1911 brought about diversification. Besides coats and trousers, I wore more coats and skirts. Since the 1920s, women have loved cheongsam, which has gradually become a fashion.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, clothing advocated simplicity and practicality. From 1950s to 1970s, Zhongshan suit gradually became the main clothing for men. In addition, military casual clothes and civilian clothes were also very popular. Women's clothing was influenced by the Soviet Union, and dresses were popular in cities. Besides, Lenin's clothes are very popular. But in rural areas, it has always been the traditional dress of most farmers. After 1978, China implemented the policy of reform and opening up, which reflected the spirit of the times, and costumes with China national characteristics mushroomed and took on a new look.